1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3//
4// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7//
8//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9
10#ifndef _LIBCPP_SPAN
11#define _LIBCPP_SPAN
12
13/*
14    span synopsis
15
16namespace std {
17
18// constants
19inline constexpr size_t dynamic_extent = numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
20
21// [views.span], class template span
22template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
23    class span;
24
25template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
26  inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
27
28template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
29    inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
30
31// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
32template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
33    span<const byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
34        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
35
36template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
37    span<      byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
38        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
39
40
41template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
42class span {
43public:
44    // constants and types
45    using element_type = ElementType;
46    using value_type = remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
47    using size_type = size_t;
48    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
49    using pointer = element_type*;
50    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
51    using reference = element_type&;
52    using const_reference = const element_type&;
53    using iterator = implementation-defined;
54    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
55    static constexpr size_type extent = Extent;
56
57    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
58    constexpr span() noexcept;
59    template <class It>
60    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, size_type count);
61    template <class It, class End>
62    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, End last);
63    template <size_t N>
64        constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&arr)[N]) noexcept;
65    template <size_t N>
66        constexpr span(array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
67    template <size_t N>
68        constexpr span(const array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
69    template<class R>
70      constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(R&& r);
71    constexpr explicit(extent != dynamic_extent) span(std::initializer_list<value_type> il); // Since C++26
72    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
73    template <class OtherElementType, size_t OtherExtent>
74        constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& s) noexcept;
75    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
76
77    // [span.sub], span subviews
78    template <size_t Count>
79        constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const;
80    template <size_t Count>
81        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const;
82    template <size_t Offset, size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
83        constexpr span<element_type, see below> subspan() const;
84
85    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const;
86    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const;
87    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset, size_type count = dynamic_extent) const;
88
89    // [span.obs], span observers
90    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
91    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept;
92    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
93
94    // [span.elem], span element access
95    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const;
96    constexpr reference at(size_type idx) const; // since C++26
97    constexpr reference front() const;
98    constexpr reference back() const;
99    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept;
100
101    // [span.iterators], span iterator support
102    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept;
103    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept;
104    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
105    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
106
107private:
108    pointer data_;    // exposition only
109    size_type size_;  // exposition only
110};
111
112template<class It, class EndOrSize>
113    span(It, EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
114
115template<class T, size_t N>
116    span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
117
118template<class T, size_t N>
119    span(array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
120
121template<class T, size_t N>
122    span(const array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
123
124template<class R>
125    span(R&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<R>>>;
126
127} // namespace std
128
129*/
130
131#include <__assert>
132#include <__config>
133#include <__fwd/array.h>
134#include <__fwd/span.h>
135#include <__iterator/bounded_iter.h>
136#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
137#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
138#include <__iterator/reverse_iterator.h>
139#include <__iterator/wrap_iter.h>
140#include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
141#include <__ranges/concepts.h>
142#include <__ranges/data.h>
143#include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
144#include <__ranges/enable_view.h>
145#include <__ranges/size.h>
146#include <__type_traits/is_array.h>
147#include <__type_traits/is_const.h>
148#include <__type_traits/is_convertible.h>
149#include <__type_traits/remove_cv.h>
150#include <__type_traits/remove_cvref.h>
151#include <__type_traits/remove_reference.h>
152#include <__type_traits/type_identity.h>
153#include <__utility/forward.h>
154#include <cstddef>      // for byte
155#include <initializer_list>
156#include <stdexcept>
157#include <version>
158
159// standard-mandated includes
160
161// [iterator.range]
162#include <__iterator/access.h>
163#include <__iterator/data.h>
164#include <__iterator/empty.h>
165#include <__iterator/reverse_access.h>
166#include <__iterator/size.h>
167
168#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
169#  pragma GCC system_header
170#endif
171
172_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
173#include <__undef_macros>
174
175_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
176
177#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
178
179template <class _Tp>
180struct __is_std_span : false_type {};
181
182template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
183struct __is_std_span<span<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
184
185template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
186concept __span_compatible_range =
187    ranges::contiguous_range<_Range> &&                            //
188    ranges::sized_range<_Range> &&                                 //
189    (ranges::borrowed_range<_Range> || is_const_v<_ElementType>)&& //
190    !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&               //
191    !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&              //
192    !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&                         //
193    is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>> (*)[], _ElementType (*)[]>;
194
195template <class _From, class _To>
196concept __span_array_convertible = is_convertible_v<_From (*)[], _To (*)[]>;
197
198template <class _It, class _Tp>
199concept __span_compatible_iterator =
200    contiguous_iterator<_It> && __span_array_convertible<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>, _Tp>;
201
202template <class _Sentinel, class _It>
203concept __span_compatible_sentinel_for = sized_sentinel_for<_Sentinel, _It> && !is_convertible_v<_Sentinel, size_t>;
204
205template <typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
206class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span {
207public:
208  //  constants and types
209  using element_type    = _Tp;
210  using value_type      = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
211  using size_type       = size_t;
212  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
213  using pointer         = _Tp*;
214  using const_pointer   = const _Tp*;
215  using reference       = _Tp&;
216  using const_reference = const _Tp&;
217#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
218  using iterator = __bounded_iter<pointer>;
219#  else
220  using iterator = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
221#  endif
222  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
223
224  static constexpr size_type extent = _Extent;
225
226  // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
227  template <size_t _Sz = _Extent>
228    requires(_Sz == 0)
229  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span() noexcept : __data_{nullptr} {}
230
231#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
232  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(std::initializer_list<value_type> __il)
233    requires is_const_v<element_type>
234      : __data_{__il.begin()} {
235    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(
236        _Extent == __il.size(), "Size mismatch in span's constructor _Extent != __il.size().");
237  }
238#  endif
239
240  constexpr span(const span&) noexcept            = default;
241  constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
242
243  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
244  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_It __first, size_type __count) : __data_{std::to_address(__first)} {
245    (void)__count;
246    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Extent == __count, "size mismatch in span's constructor (iterator, len)");
247  }
248
249  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
250  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_It __first, _End __last) : __data_{std::to_address(__first)} {
251    // [span.cons]/10
252    // Throws: When and what last - first throws.
253    [[maybe_unused]] auto __dist = __last - __first;
254    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(__dist >= 0, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
255    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
256        __dist == _Extent, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel): last - first != extent");
257  }
258
259  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept : __data_{__arr} {}
260
261  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
262  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data_{__arr.data()} {}
263
264  template <class _OtherElementType>
265    requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
266  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept
267      : __data_{__arr.data()} {}
268
269  template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
270  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_Range&& __r) : __data_{ranges::data(__r)} {
271    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(ranges::size(__r) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
272  }
273
274  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
275  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __other) : __data_{__other.data()} {}
276
277  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
278  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(const span<_OtherElementType, dynamic_extent>& __other) noexcept
279      : __data_{__other.data()} {
280    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Extent == __other.size(), "size mismatch in span's constructor (other span)");
281  }
282
283  template <size_t _Count>
284  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept {
285    static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::first<Count>(): Count out of range");
286    return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
287  }
288
289  template <size_t _Count>
290  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept {
291    static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::last<Count>(): Count out of range");
292    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
293  }
294
295  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept {
296    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T, N>::first(count): count out of range");
297    return {data(), __count};
298  }
299
300  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept {
301    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T, N>::last(count): count out of range");
302    return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
303  }
304
305  template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
306  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept
307      -> span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset> {
308    static_assert(_Offset <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset out of range");
309    static_assert(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= _Extent - _Offset,
310                  "span<T, N>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset + Count out of range");
311
312    using _ReturnType = span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>;
313    return _ReturnType{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
314  }
315
316  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
317  subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept {
318    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__offset <= size(), "span<T, N>::subspan(offset, count): offset out of range");
319    if (__count == dynamic_extent)
320      return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
321    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
322        __count <= size() - __offset, "span<T, N>::subspan(offset, count): offset + count out of range");
323    return {data() + __offset, __count};
324  }
325
326  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return _Extent; }
327  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return _Extent * sizeof(element_type); }
328  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return _Extent == 0; }
329
330  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept {
331    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__idx < size(), "span<T, N>::operator[](index): index out of range");
332    return __data_[__idx];
333  }
334
335#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
336  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference at(size_type __index) const {
337    if (__index >= size())
338      std::__throw_out_of_range("span");
339    return __data_[__index];
340  }
341#  endif
342
343  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference front() const noexcept {
344    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T, N>::front() on empty span");
345    return __data_[0];
346  }
347
348  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference back() const noexcept {
349    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T, N>::back() on empty span");
350    return __data_[size() - 1];
351  }
352
353  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return __data_; }
354
355  // [span.iter], span iterator support
356  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
357#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
358    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data(), data(), data() + size());
359#  else
360    return iterator(data());
361#  endif
362  }
363  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
364#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
365    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data() + size(), data(), data() + size());
366#  else
367    return iterator(data() + size());
368#  endif
369  }
370  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
371  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
372
373  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_bytes() const noexcept {
374    return span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
375  }
376
377  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept {
378    return span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
379  }
380
381private:
382  pointer __data_;
383};
384
385template <typename _Tp>
386class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> {
387public:
388  //  constants and types
389  using element_type    = _Tp;
390  using value_type      = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
391  using size_type       = size_t;
392  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
393  using pointer         = _Tp*;
394  using const_pointer   = const _Tp*;
395  using reference       = _Tp&;
396  using const_reference = const _Tp&;
397#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
398  using iterator = __bounded_iter<pointer>;
399#  else
400  using iterator = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
401#  endif
402  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
403
404  static constexpr size_type extent = dynamic_extent;
405
406  // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
407  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span() noexcept : __data_{nullptr}, __size_{0} {}
408
409#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
410  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(std::initializer_list<value_type> __il)
411    requires is_const_v<element_type>
412      : __data_{__il.begin()}, __size_{__il.size()} {}
413#  endif
414
415  constexpr span(const span&) noexcept            = default;
416  constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
417
418  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
419  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_It __first, size_type __count)
420      : __data_{std::to_address(__first)}, __size_{__count} {}
421
422  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
423  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_It __first, _End __last)
424      : __data_(std::to_address(__first)), __size_(__last - __first) {
425    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(__last - __first >= 0, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
426  }
427
428  template <size_t _Sz>
429  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Sz]) noexcept
430      : __data_{__arr}, __size_{_Sz} {}
431
432  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
433  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept
434      : __data_{__arr.data()}, __size_{_Sz} {}
435
436  template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
437    requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
438  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept
439      : __data_{__arr.data()}, __size_{_Sz} {}
440
441  template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
442  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_Range&& __r) : __data_(ranges::data(__r)), __size_{ranges::size(__r)} {}
443
444  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _OtherExtent>
445  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _OtherExtent>& __other) noexcept
446      : __data_{__other.data()}, __size_{__other.size()} {}
447
448  template <size_t _Count>
449  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept {
450    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count <= size(), "span<T>::first<Count>(): Count out of range");
451    return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
452  }
453
454  template <size_t _Count>
455  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept {
456    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count <= size(), "span<T>::last<Count>(): Count out of range");
457    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
458  }
459
460  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept {
461    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T>::first(count): count out of range");
462    return {data(), __count};
463  }
464
465  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept {
466    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T>::last(count): count out of range");
467    return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
468  }
469
470  template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
471  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> subspan() const noexcept {
472    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Offset <= size(), "span<T>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset out of range");
473    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= size() - _Offset,
474                                        "span<T>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset + Count out of range");
475    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
476  }
477
478  constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
479  subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept {
480    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__offset <= size(), "span<T>::subspan(offset, count): offset out of range");
481    if (__count == dynamic_extent)
482      return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
483    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
484        __count <= size() - __offset, "span<T>::subspan(offset, count): offset + count out of range");
485    return {data() + __offset, __count};
486  }
487
488  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return __size_; }
489  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return __size_ * sizeof(element_type); }
490  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return __size_ == 0; }
491
492  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept {
493    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__idx < size(), "span<T>::operator[](index): index out of range");
494    return __data_[__idx];
495  }
496
497#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
498  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference at(size_type __index) const {
499    if (__index >= size())
500      std::__throw_out_of_range("span");
501    return __data_[__index];
502  }
503#  endif
504
505  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference front() const noexcept {
506    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T>::front() on empty span");
507    return __data_[0];
508  }
509
510  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference back() const noexcept {
511    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T>::back() on empty span");
512    return __data_[size() - 1];
513  }
514
515  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return __data_; }
516
517  // [span.iter], span iterator support
518  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
519#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
520    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data(), data(), data() + size());
521#  else
522    return iterator(data());
523#  endif
524  }
525  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
526#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
527    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data() + size(), data(), data() + size());
528#  else
529    return iterator(data() + size());
530#  endif
531  }
532  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
533  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
534
535  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<const byte, dynamic_extent> __as_bytes() const noexcept {
536    return {reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
537  }
538
539  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<byte, dynamic_extent> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept {
540    return {reinterpret_cast<byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
541  }
542
543private:
544  pointer __data_;
545  size_type __size_;
546};
547
548template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
549inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<_Tp, _Extent> > = true;
550
551template <class _ElementType, size_t _Extent>
552inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<_ElementType, _Extent>> = true;
553
554//  as_bytes & as_writable_bytes
555template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
556_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto as_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept {
557  return __s.__as_bytes();
558}
559
560template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
561  requires(!is_const_v<_Tp>)
562_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto as_writable_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept {
563  return __s.__as_writable_bytes();
564}
565
566template <contiguous_iterator _It, class _EndOrSize>
567span(_It, _EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
568
569template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
570span(_Tp (&)[_Sz]) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
571
572template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
573span(array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
574
575template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
576span(const array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<const _Tp, _Sz>;
577
578template <ranges::contiguous_range _Range>
579span(_Range&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>>;
580
581#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
582
583_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
584
585_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
586
587#if !defined(_LIBCPP_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES) && _LIBCPP_STD_VER <= 20
588#  include <array>
589#  include <concepts>
590#  include <functional>
591#  include <iterator>
592#  include <type_traits>
593#endif
594
595#endif // _LIBCPP_SPAN
596