uniffi_macros/src/fnsig.rs

/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

use crate::{
    default::{default_value_metadata_calls, DefaultValue},
    export::{DefaultMap, ExportFnArgs, ExportedImplFnArgs},
    util::{create_metadata_items, ident_to_string, mod_path, try_metadata_value_from_usize},
};
use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream};
use quote::quote;
use syn::{spanned::Spanned, FnArg, Ident, Pat, Receiver, ReturnType, Type};

pub(crate) struct FnSignature {
    pub kind: FnKind,
    pub span: Span,
    pub mod_path: String,
    // The identifier of the Rust function.
    pub ident: Ident,
    // The foreign name for this function, usually == ident.
    pub name: String,
    pub is_async: bool,
    pub receiver: Option<ReceiverArg>,
    pub args: Vec<NamedArg>,
    pub return_ty: TokenStream,
    // Does this the return type look like a result?
    // Only use this in UDL mode.
    // In general, it's not reliable because it fails for type aliases.
    pub looks_like_result: bool,
    pub docstring: String,
}

impl FnSignature {
    pub(crate) fn new_function(
        sig: syn::Signature,
        args: ExportFnArgs,
        docstring: String,
    ) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        Self::new(FnKind::Function, sig, args.name, args.defaults, docstring)
    }

    pub(crate) fn new_method(
        self_ident: Ident,
        sig: syn::Signature,
        args: ExportedImplFnArgs,
        docstring: String,
    ) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        Self::new(
            FnKind::Method { self_ident },
            sig,
            args.name,
            args.defaults,
            docstring,
        )
    }

    pub(crate) fn new_constructor(
        self_ident: Ident,
        sig: syn::Signature,
        args: ExportedImplFnArgs,
        docstring: String,
    ) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        Self::new(
            FnKind::Constructor { self_ident },
            sig,
            args.name,
            args.defaults,
            docstring,
        )
    }

    pub(crate) fn new_trait_method(
        self_ident: Ident,
        sig: syn::Signature,
        args: ExportedImplFnArgs,
        index: u32,
        docstring: String,
    ) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        Self::new(
            FnKind::TraitMethod { self_ident, index },
            sig,
            args.name,
            args.defaults,
            docstring,
        )
    }

    pub(crate) fn new(
        kind: FnKind,
        sig: syn::Signature,
        name: Option<String>,
        mut defaults: DefaultMap,
        docstring: String,
    ) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        let span = sig.span();
        let ident = sig.ident;
        let looks_like_result = looks_like_result(&sig.output);
        let output = match sig.output {
            ReturnType::Default => quote! { () },
            ReturnType::Type(_, ty) => quote! { #ty },
        };
        let is_async = sig.asyncness.is_some();

        let mut input_iter = sig
            .inputs
            .into_iter()
            .map(|a| Arg::new(a, &mut defaults))
            .peekable();

        let receiver = input_iter
            .next_if(|a| matches!(a, Ok(a) if a.is_receiver()))
            .map(|a| match a {
                Ok(Arg {
                    kind: ArgKind::Receiver(r),
                    ..
                }) => r,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            });
        let args = input_iter
            .map(|a| {
                a.and_then(|a| match a.kind {
                    ArgKind::Named(named) => Ok(named),
                    ArgKind::Receiver(_) => {
                        Err(syn::Error::new(a.span, "Unexpected receiver argument"))
                    }
                })
            })
            .collect::<syn::Result<Vec<_>>>()?;

        if let Some(ident) = defaults.idents().first() {
            return Err(syn::Error::new(
                ident.span(),
                format!("Unknown default argument: {}", ident),
            ));
        }

        Ok(Self {
            kind,
            span,
            mod_path: mod_path()?,
            name: name.unwrap_or_else(|| ident_to_string(&ident)),
            ident,
            is_async,
            receiver,
            args,
            return_ty: output,
            looks_like_result,
            docstring,
        })
    }

    pub fn lower_return_impl(&self) -> TokenStream {
        let return_ty = &self.return_ty;
        quote! {
            <#return_ty as ::uniffi::LowerReturn<crate::UniFfiTag>>
        }
    }

    pub fn lift_return_impl(&self) -> TokenStream {
        let return_ty = &self.return_ty;
        quote! {
            <#return_ty as ::uniffi::LiftReturn<crate::UniFfiTag>>
        }
    }

    /// Generate a closure that tries to lift all arguments into a tuple.
    ///
    /// The closure moves all scaffolding arguments into itself and returns:
    ///   - The lifted argument tuple on success
    ///   - The field name and error on failure (`Err(&'static str, anyhow::Error>`)
    pub fn lift_closure(&self, self_lift: Option<TokenStream>) -> TokenStream {
        let arg_lifts = self.args.iter().map(|arg| {
            let ident = &arg.ident;
            let lift_impl = arg.lift_impl();
            let name = &arg.name;
            quote! {
                match #lift_impl::try_lift(#ident) {
                    Ok(v) => v,
                    Err(e) => return Err((#name, e)),
                }
            }
        });
        let all_lifts = self_lift.into_iter().chain(arg_lifts);
        quote! {
            move || Ok((
                #(#all_lifts,)*
            ))
        }
    }

    /// Call a Rust function from a [Self::lift_closure] success.
    ///
    /// This takes an Ok value returned by `lift_closure` with the name `uniffi_args` and generates
    /// a series of parameters to pass to the Rust function.
    pub fn rust_call_params(&self, self_lift: bool) -> TokenStream {
        let start_idx = if self_lift { 1 } else { 0 };
        let args = self.args.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, arg)| {
            let idx = syn::Index::from(i + start_idx);
            let ty = &arg.ty;
            match &arg.ref_type {
                None => quote! { uniffi_args.#idx },
                Some(ref_type) => quote! {
                    <#ty as ::std::borrow::Borrow<#ref_type>>::borrow(&uniffi_args.#idx)
                },
            }
        });
        quote! { #(#args),* }
    }

    /// Parameters expressions for each of our arguments
    pub fn params(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = TokenStream> + '_ {
        self.args.iter().map(NamedArg::param)
    }

    /// Name of the scaffolding function to generate for this function
    pub fn scaffolding_fn_ident(&self) -> syn::Result<Ident> {
        let name = &self.name;
        let name = match &self.kind {
            FnKind::Function => uniffi_meta::fn_symbol_name(&self.mod_path, name),
            FnKind::Method { self_ident } | FnKind::TraitMethod { self_ident, .. } => {
                uniffi_meta::method_symbol_name(&self.mod_path, &ident_to_string(self_ident), name)
            }
            FnKind::Constructor { self_ident } => uniffi_meta::constructor_symbol_name(
                &self.mod_path,
                &ident_to_string(self_ident),
                name,
            ),
        };
        Ok(Ident::new(&name, Span::call_site()))
    }

    /// Scaffolding parameters expressions for each of our arguments
    pub fn scaffolding_param_names(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = TokenStream> + '_ {
        self.args.iter().map(|a| {
            let ident = &a.ident;
            quote! { #ident }
        })
    }

    pub fn scaffolding_param_types(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = TokenStream> + '_ {
        self.args.iter().map(|a| {
            let lift_impl = a.lift_impl();
            quote! { #lift_impl::FfiType }
        })
    }

    /// Generate metadata items for this function
    pub(crate) fn metadata_expr(&self) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let Self {
            name,
            return_ty,
            is_async,
            mod_path,
            docstring,
            ..
        } = &self;
        let args_len = try_metadata_value_from_usize(
            // Use param_lifts to calculate this instead of sig.inputs to avoid counting any self
            // params
            self.args.len(),
            "UniFFI limits functions to 256 arguments",
        )?;
        let arg_metadata_calls = self
            .args
            .iter()
            .map(NamedArg::arg_metadata)
            .collect::<syn::Result<Vec<_>>>()?;

        match &self.kind {
            FnKind::Function => Ok(quote! {
                ::uniffi::MetadataBuffer::from_code(::uniffi::metadata::codes::FUNC)
                    .concat_str(#mod_path)
                    .concat_str(#name)
                    .concat_bool(#is_async)
                    .concat_value(#args_len)
                    #(#arg_metadata_calls)*
                    .concat(<#return_ty as ::uniffi::LowerReturn<crate::UniFfiTag>>::TYPE_ID_META)
                    .concat_long_str(#docstring)
            }),

            FnKind::Method { self_ident } => {
                let object_name = ident_to_string(self_ident);
                Ok(quote! {
                    ::uniffi::MetadataBuffer::from_code(::uniffi::metadata::codes::METHOD)
                        .concat_str(#mod_path)
                        .concat_str(#object_name)
                        .concat_str(#name)
                        .concat_bool(#is_async)
                        .concat_value(#args_len)
                        #(#arg_metadata_calls)*
                        .concat(<#return_ty as ::uniffi::LowerReturn<crate::UniFfiTag>>::TYPE_ID_META)
                        .concat_long_str(#docstring)
                })
            }

            FnKind::TraitMethod { self_ident, index } => {
                let object_name = ident_to_string(self_ident);
                Ok(quote! {
                    ::uniffi::MetadataBuffer::from_code(::uniffi::metadata::codes::TRAIT_METHOD)
                        .concat_str(#mod_path)
                        .concat_str(#object_name)
                        .concat_u32(#index)
                        .concat_str(#name)
                        .concat_bool(#is_async)
                        .concat_value(#args_len)
                        #(#arg_metadata_calls)*
                        .concat(<#return_ty as ::uniffi::LowerReturn<crate::UniFfiTag>>::TYPE_ID_META)
                        .concat_long_str(#docstring)
                })
            }

            FnKind::Constructor { self_ident } => {
                let object_name = ident_to_string(self_ident);
                Ok(quote! {
                    ::uniffi::MetadataBuffer::from_code(::uniffi::metadata::codes::CONSTRUCTOR)
                        .concat_str(#mod_path)
                        .concat_str(#object_name)
                        .concat_str(#name)
                        .concat_bool(#is_async)
                        .concat_value(#args_len)
                        #(#arg_metadata_calls)*
                        .concat(<#return_ty as ::uniffi::LowerReturn<crate::UniFfiTag>>::TYPE_ID_META)
                        .concat_long_str(#docstring)
                })
            }
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn metadata_items(&self) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let Self { name, .. } = &self;
        match &self.kind {
            FnKind::Function => Ok(create_metadata_items(
                "func",
                name,
                self.metadata_expr()?,
                Some(self.checksum_symbol_name()),
            )),

            FnKind::Method { self_ident } => {
                let object_name = ident_to_string(self_ident);
                Ok(create_metadata_items(
                    "method",
                    &format!("{object_name}_{name}"),
                    self.metadata_expr()?,
                    Some(self.checksum_symbol_name()),
                ))
            }

            FnKind::TraitMethod { self_ident, .. } => {
                let object_name = ident_to_string(self_ident);
                Ok(create_metadata_items(
                    "method",
                    &format!("{object_name}_{name}"),
                    self.metadata_expr()?,
                    Some(self.checksum_symbol_name()),
                ))
            }

            FnKind::Constructor { self_ident } => {
                let object_name = ident_to_string(self_ident);
                Ok(create_metadata_items(
                    "constructor",
                    &format!("{object_name}_{name}"),
                    self.metadata_expr()?,
                    Some(self.checksum_symbol_name()),
                ))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Generate metadata items for callback interfaces
    ///
    /// Unfortunately, most of this is duplicate code from [Self::metadata_items] and
    /// [Self::metadata_expr].  However, one issue with that code is that it needs to assume if the
    /// arguments are being lifted vs lowered in order to get TYPE_ID_META.  That code uses
    /// `<Type as Lift>::TYPE_ID_META` for arguments and `<Type as LowerReturn>::TYPE_ID_META` for
    /// return types, which works for accidental/historical reasons.
    ///
    /// The one exception is callback interfaces (#1947), which are handled by this method.
    ///
    /// TODO: fix the metadata system so that this is not needed.
    pub(crate) fn metadata_items_for_callback_interface(&self) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let Self {
            name,
            return_ty,
            is_async,
            mod_path,
            docstring,
            ..
        } = &self;
        match &self.kind {
            FnKind::TraitMethod {
                self_ident, index, ..
            } => {
                let object_name = ident_to_string(self_ident);
                let args_len = try_metadata_value_from_usize(
                    // Use param_lifts to calculate this instead of sig.inputs to avoid counting any self
                    // params
                    self.args.len(),
                    "UniFFI limits functions to 256 arguments",
                )?;
                let arg_metadata_calls = self
                    .args
                    .iter()
                    .map(NamedArg::arg_metadata)
                    .collect::<syn::Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
                let metadata_expr = quote! {
                    ::uniffi::MetadataBuffer::from_code(::uniffi::metadata::codes::TRAIT_METHOD)
                        .concat_str(#mod_path)
                        .concat_str(#object_name)
                        .concat_u32(#index)
                        .concat_str(#name)
                        .concat_bool(#is_async)
                        .concat_value(#args_len)
                        #(#arg_metadata_calls)*
                        .concat(<#return_ty as ::uniffi::LiftReturn<crate::UniFfiTag>>::TYPE_ID_META)
                        .concat_long_str(#docstring)
                };
                Ok(create_metadata_items(
                    "method",
                    &format!("{object_name}_{name}"),
                    metadata_expr,
                    Some(self.checksum_symbol_name()),
                ))
            }

            // This should never happen and indicates an error in the internal code
            _ => panic!(
                "metadata_items_for_callback_interface can only be called with `TraitMethod` sigs"
            ),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn checksum_symbol_name(&self) -> String {
        let name = &self.name;
        match &self.kind {
            FnKind::Function => uniffi_meta::fn_checksum_symbol_name(&self.mod_path, name),
            FnKind::Method { self_ident } | FnKind::TraitMethod { self_ident, .. } => {
                uniffi_meta::method_checksum_symbol_name(
                    &self.mod_path,
                    &ident_to_string(self_ident),
                    name,
                )
            }
            FnKind::Constructor { self_ident } => uniffi_meta::constructor_checksum_symbol_name(
                &self.mod_path,
                &ident_to_string(self_ident),
                name,
            ),
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) struct Arg {
    pub(crate) span: Span,
    pub(crate) kind: ArgKind,
}

pub(crate) enum ArgKind {
    Receiver(ReceiverArg),
    Named(NamedArg),
}

impl Arg {
    fn new(syn_arg: FnArg, defaults: &mut DefaultMap) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        let span = syn_arg.span();
        let kind = match syn_arg {
            FnArg::Typed(p) => match *p.pat {
                Pat::Ident(i) => Ok(ArgKind::Named(NamedArg::new(i.ident, &p.ty, defaults)?)),
                _ => Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(p, "Argument name missing")),
            },
            FnArg::Receiver(receiver) => Ok(ArgKind::Receiver(ReceiverArg::from(receiver))),
        }?;

        Ok(Self { span, kind })
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_receiver(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.kind, ArgKind::Receiver(_))
    }
}

pub(crate) enum ReceiverArg {
    Ref,
    Arc,
}

impl From<Receiver> for ReceiverArg {
    fn from(receiver: Receiver) -> Self {
        if let Type::Path(p) = *receiver.ty {
            if let Some(segment) = p.path.segments.last() {
                // This comparison will fail if a user uses a typedef for Arc.  Maybe we could
                // implement some system like TYPE_ID_META to figure this out from the type system.
                // However, this seems good enough for now.
                if segment.ident == "Arc" {
                    return ReceiverArg::Arc;
                }
            }
        }
        Self::Ref
    }
}

pub(crate) struct NamedArg {
    pub(crate) ident: Ident,
    pub(crate) name: String,
    pub(crate) ty: TokenStream,
    pub(crate) ref_type: Option<Type>,
    pub(crate) default: Option<DefaultValue>,
}

impl NamedArg {
    pub(crate) fn new(ident: Ident, ty: &Type, defaults: &mut DefaultMap) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        Ok(match ty {
            Type::Reference(r) => {
                let inner = &r.elem;
                Self {
                    name: ident_to_string(&ident),
                    ty: quote! { <#inner as ::uniffi::LiftRef<crate::UniFfiTag>>::LiftType },
                    ref_type: Some(*inner.clone()),
                    default: defaults.remove(&ident),
                    ident,
                }
            }
            _ => Self {
                name: ident_to_string(&ident),
                ty: quote! { #ty },
                ref_type: None,
                default: defaults.remove(&ident),
                ident,
            },
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn lift_impl(&self) -> TokenStream {
        let ty = &self.ty;
        quote! { <#ty as ::uniffi::Lift<crate::UniFfiTag>> }
    }

    pub(crate) fn lower_impl(&self) -> TokenStream {
        let ty = &self.ty;
        quote! { <#ty as ::uniffi::Lower<crate::UniFfiTag>> }
    }

    /// Generate the parameter for this Arg
    pub(crate) fn param(&self) -> TokenStream {
        let ident = &self.ident;
        let ty = &self.ty;
        quote! { #ident: #ty }
    }

    pub(crate) fn arg_metadata(&self) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let name = &self.name;
        let lift_impl = self.lift_impl();
        let default_calls = default_value_metadata_calls(&self.default)?;
        Ok(quote! {
            .concat_str(#name)
            .concat(#lift_impl::TYPE_ID_META)
            #default_calls
        })
    }
}

fn looks_like_result(return_type: &ReturnType) -> bool {
    if let ReturnType::Type(_, ty) = return_type {
        if let Type::Path(p) = &**ty {
            if let Some(seg) = p.path.segments.last() {
                if seg.ident == "Result" {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    false
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) enum FnKind {
    Function,
    Constructor { self_ident: Ident },
    Method { self_ident: Ident },
    TraitMethod { self_ident: Ident, index: u32 },
}