src/server/server.rs

use std::error::Error as StdError;
use std::fmt;
use std::future::Future;
use std::marker::Unpin;
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
use std::net::{SocketAddr, TcpListener as StdTcpListener};
use std::pin::Pin;
use std::task::{Context, Poll};
#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
use std::time::Duration;

use pin_project_lite::pin_project;

use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
use tracing::trace;

use super::accept::Accept;
#[cfg(all(feature = "tcp"))]
use super::tcp::AddrIncoming;
use crate::body::{Body, HttpBody};
use crate::common::exec::Exec;
use crate::common::exec::{ConnStreamExec, NewSvcExec};
// Renamed `Http` as `Http_` for now so that people upgrading don't see an
// error that `hyper::server::Http` is private...
use super::conn::{Connection, Http as Http_, UpgradeableConnection};
use super::shutdown::{Graceful, GracefulWatcher};
use crate::service::{HttpService, MakeServiceRef};

use self::new_svc::NewSvcTask;

pin_project! {
    /// A listening HTTP server that accepts connections in both HTTP1 and HTTP2 by default.
    ///
    /// `Server` is a `Future` mapping a bound listener with a set of service
    /// handlers. It is built using the [`Builder`](Builder), and the future
    /// completes when the server has been shutdown. It should be run by an
    /// `Executor`.
    pub struct Server<I, S, E = Exec> {
        #[pin]
        incoming: I,
        make_service: S,
        protocol: Http_<E>,
    }
}

/// A builder for a [`Server`](Server).
#[derive(Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))]
pub struct Builder<I, E = Exec> {
    incoming: I,
    protocol: Http_<E>,
}

// ===== impl Server =====

#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))]
impl<I> Server<I, ()> {
    /// Starts a [`Builder`](Builder) with the provided incoming stream.
    pub fn builder(incoming: I) -> Builder<I> {
        Builder {
            incoming,
            protocol: Http_::new(),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
#[cfg_attr(
    docsrs,
    doc(cfg(all(feature = "tcp", any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))
)]
impl Server<AddrIncoming, ()> {
    /// Binds to the provided address, and returns a [`Builder`](Builder).
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This method will panic if binding to the address fails. For a method
    /// to bind to an address and return a `Result`, see `Server::try_bind`.
    pub fn bind(addr: &SocketAddr) -> Builder<AddrIncoming> {
        let incoming = AddrIncoming::new(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
            panic!("error binding to {}: {}", addr, e);
        });
        Server::builder(incoming)
    }

    /// Tries to bind to the provided address, and returns a [`Builder`](Builder).
    pub fn try_bind(addr: &SocketAddr) -> crate::Result<Builder<AddrIncoming>> {
        AddrIncoming::new(addr).map(Server::builder)
    }

    /// Create a new instance from a `std::net::TcpListener` instance.
    pub fn from_tcp(listener: StdTcpListener) -> Result<Builder<AddrIncoming>, crate::Error> {
        AddrIncoming::from_std(listener).map(Server::builder)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
#[cfg_attr(
    docsrs,
    doc(cfg(all(feature = "tcp", any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))
)]
impl<S, E> Server<AddrIncoming, S, E> {
    /// Returns the local address that this server is bound to.
    pub fn local_addr(&self) -> SocketAddr {
        self.incoming.local_addr()
    }
}

#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))]
impl<I, IO, IE, S, E, B> Server<I, S, E>
where
    I: Accept<Conn = IO, Error = IE>,
    IE: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
    IO: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
    S: MakeServiceRef<IO, Body, ResBody = B>,
    S::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
    B: HttpBody + 'static,
    B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
    E: ConnStreamExec<<S::Service as HttpService<Body>>::Future, B>,
{
    /// Prepares a server to handle graceful shutdown when the provided future
    /// completes.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # fn main() {}
    /// # #[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
    /// # async fn run() {
    /// # use hyper::{Body, Response, Server, Error};
    /// # use hyper::service::{make_service_fn, service_fn};
    /// # let make_service = make_service_fn(|_| async {
    /// #     Ok::<_, Error>(service_fn(|_req| async {
    /// #         Ok::<_, Error>(Response::new(Body::from("Hello World")))
    /// #     }))
    /// # });
    /// // Make a server from the previous examples...
    /// let server = Server::bind(&([127, 0, 0, 1], 3000).into())
    ///     .serve(make_service);
    ///
    /// // Prepare some signal for when the server should start shutting down...
    /// let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel::<()>();
    /// let graceful = server
    ///     .with_graceful_shutdown(async {
    ///         rx.await.ok();
    ///     });
    ///
    /// // Await the `server` receiving the signal...
    /// if let Err(e) = graceful.await {
    ///     eprintln!("server error: {}", e);
    /// }
    ///
    /// // And later, trigger the signal by calling `tx.send(())`.
    /// let _ = tx.send(());
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn with_graceful_shutdown<F>(self, signal: F) -> Graceful<I, S, F, E>
    where
        F: Future<Output = ()>,
        E: NewSvcExec<IO, S::Future, S::Service, E, GracefulWatcher>,
    {
        Graceful::new(self, signal)
    }

    fn poll_next_(
        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
    ) -> Poll<Option<crate::Result<Connecting<IO, S::Future, E>>>> {
        let me = self.project();
        match ready!(me.make_service.poll_ready_ref(cx)) {
            Ok(()) => (),
            Err(e) => {
                trace!("make_service closed");
                return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(crate::Error::new_user_make_service(e))));
            }
        }

        if let Some(item) = ready!(me.incoming.poll_accept(cx)) {
            let io = item.map_err(crate::Error::new_accept)?;
            let new_fut = me.make_service.make_service_ref(&io);
            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Connecting {
                future: new_fut,
                io: Some(io),
                protocol: me.protocol.clone(),
            })))
        } else {
            Poll::Ready(None)
        }
    }

    pub(super) fn poll_watch<W>(
        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
        watcher: &W,
    ) -> Poll<crate::Result<()>>
    where
        E: NewSvcExec<IO, S::Future, S::Service, E, W>,
        W: Watcher<IO, S::Service, E>,
    {
        loop {
            if let Some(connecting) = ready!(self.as_mut().poll_next_(cx)?) {
                let fut = NewSvcTask::new(connecting, watcher.clone());
                self.as_mut().project().protocol.exec.execute_new_svc(fut);
            } else {
                return Poll::Ready(Ok(()));
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))]
impl<I, IO, IE, S, B, E> Future for Server<I, S, E>
where
    I: Accept<Conn = IO, Error = IE>,
    IE: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
    IO: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
    S: MakeServiceRef<IO, Body, ResBody = B>,
    S::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
    B: HttpBody + 'static,
    B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
    E: ConnStreamExec<<S::Service as HttpService<Body>>::Future, B>,
    E: NewSvcExec<IO, S::Future, S::Service, E, NoopWatcher>,
{
    type Output = crate::Result<()>;

    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        self.poll_watch(cx, &NoopWatcher)
    }
}

impl<I: fmt::Debug, S: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Server<I, S> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let mut st = f.debug_struct("Server");
        st.field("listener", &self.incoming);
        st.finish()
    }
}

// ===== impl Builder =====

#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))]
impl<I, E> Builder<I, E> {
    /// Start a new builder, wrapping an incoming stream and low-level options.
    ///
    /// For a more convenient constructor, see [`Server::bind`](Server::bind).
    pub fn new(incoming: I, protocol: Http_<E>) -> Self {
        Builder { incoming, protocol }
    }

    /// Sets whether to use keep-alive for HTTP/1 connections.
    ///
    /// Default is `true`.
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http1")))]
    pub fn http1_keepalive(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http1_keep_alive(val);
        self
    }

    /// Set whether HTTP/1 connections should support half-closures.
    ///
    /// Clients can chose to shutdown their write-side while waiting
    /// for the server to respond. Setting this to `true` will
    /// prevent closing the connection immediately if `read`
    /// detects an EOF in the middle of a request.
    ///
    /// Default is `false`.
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http1")))]
    pub fn http1_half_close(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http1_half_close(val);
        self
    }

    /// Set the maximum buffer size.
    ///
    /// Default is ~ 400kb.
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http1")))]
    pub fn http1_max_buf_size(mut self, val: usize) -> Self {
        self.protocol.max_buf_size(val);
        self
    }

    // Sets whether to bunch up HTTP/1 writes until the read buffer is empty.
    //
    // This isn't really desirable in most cases, only really being useful in
    // silly pipeline benchmarks.
    #[doc(hidden)]
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    pub fn http1_pipeline_flush(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.pipeline_flush(val);
        self
    }

    /// Set whether HTTP/1 connections should try to use vectored writes,
    /// or always flatten into a single buffer.
    ///
    /// Note that setting this to false may mean more copies of body data,
    /// but may also improve performance when an IO transport doesn't
    /// support vectored writes well, such as most TLS implementations.
    ///
    /// Setting this to true will force hyper to use queued strategy
    /// which may eliminate unnecessary cloning on some TLS backends
    ///
    /// Default is `auto`. In this mode hyper will try to guess which
    /// mode to use
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    pub fn http1_writev(mut self, enabled: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http1_writev(enabled);
        self
    }

    /// Set whether HTTP/1 connections will write header names as title case at
    /// the socket level.
    ///
    /// Note that this setting does not affect HTTP/2.
    ///
    /// Default is false.
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http1")))]
    pub fn http1_title_case_headers(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http1_title_case_headers(val);
        self
    }

    /// Set whether to support preserving original header cases.
    ///
    /// Currently, this will record the original cases received, and store them
    /// in a private extension on the `Request`. It will also look for and use
    /// such an extension in any provided `Response`.
    ///
    /// Since the relevant extension is still private, there is no way to
    /// interact with the original cases. The only effect this can have now is
    /// to forward the cases in a proxy-like fashion.
    ///
    /// Note that this setting does not affect HTTP/2.
    ///
    /// Default is false.
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http1")))]
    pub fn http1_preserve_header_case(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http1_preserve_header_case(val);
        self
    }

    /// Set a timeout for reading client request headers. If a client does not
    /// transmit the entire header within this time, the connection is closed.
    ///
    /// Default is None.
    #[cfg(all(feature = "http1", feature = "runtime"))]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all(feature = "http1", feature = "runtime"))))]
    pub fn http1_header_read_timeout(mut self, read_timeout: Duration) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http1_header_read_timeout(read_timeout);
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether HTTP/1 is required.
    ///
    /// Default is `false`.
    #[cfg(feature = "http1")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http1")))]
    pub fn http1_only(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http1_only(val);
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether HTTP/2 is required.
    ///
    /// Default is `false`.
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_only(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_only(val);
        self
    }

    /// Configures the maximum number of pending reset streams allowed before a GOAWAY will be sent.
    ///
    /// This will default to whatever the default in h2 is. As of v0.3.17, it is 20.
    ///
    /// See <https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/issues/2877> for more information.
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_max_pending_accept_reset_streams(mut self, max: impl Into<Option<usize>>) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_max_pending_accept_reset_streams(max);
        self
    }

    /// Sets the [`SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE`][spec] option for HTTP2
    /// stream-level flow control.
    ///
    /// Passing `None` will do nothing.
    ///
    /// If not set, hyper will use a default.
    ///
    /// [spec]: https://http2.github.io/http2-spec/#SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_initial_stream_window_size(mut self, sz: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_initial_stream_window_size(sz.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets the max connection-level flow control for HTTP2
    ///
    /// Passing `None` will do nothing.
    ///
    /// If not set, hyper will use a default.
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_initial_connection_window_size(mut self, sz: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
        self.protocol
            .http2_initial_connection_window_size(sz.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether to use an adaptive flow control.
    ///
    /// Enabling this will override the limits set in
    /// `http2_initial_stream_window_size` and
    /// `http2_initial_connection_window_size`.
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_adaptive_window(mut self, enabled: bool) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_adaptive_window(enabled);
        self
    }

    /// Sets the maximum frame size to use for HTTP2.
    ///
    /// Passing `None` will do nothing.
    ///
    /// If not set, hyper will use a default.
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_max_frame_size(mut self, sz: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_max_frame_size(sz);
        self
    }

    /// Sets the max size of received header frames.
    ///
    /// Default is currently ~16MB, but may change.
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_max_header_list_size(mut self, max: u32) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_max_header_list_size(max);
        self
    }

    /// Sets the [`SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS`][spec] option for HTTP2
    /// connections.
    ///
    /// Default is no limit (`std::u32::MAX`). Passing `None` will do nothing.
    ///
    /// [spec]: https://http2.github.io/http2-spec/#SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_max_concurrent_streams(mut self, max: impl Into<Option<u32>>) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_max_concurrent_streams(max.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets an interval for HTTP2 Ping frames should be sent to keep a
    /// connection alive.
    ///
    /// Pass `None` to disable HTTP2 keep-alive.
    ///
    /// Default is currently disabled.
    ///
    /// # Cargo Feature
    ///
    /// Requires the `runtime` cargo feature to be enabled.
    #[cfg(all(feature = "runtime", feature = "http2"))]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_keep_alive_interval(mut self, interval: impl Into<Option<Duration>>) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_keep_alive_interval(interval);
        self
    }

    /// Sets a timeout for receiving an acknowledgement of the keep-alive ping.
    ///
    /// If the ping is not acknowledged within the timeout, the connection will
    /// be closed. Does nothing if `http2_keep_alive_interval` is disabled.
    ///
    /// Default is 20 seconds.
    ///
    /// # Cargo Feature
    ///
    /// Requires the `runtime` cargo feature to be enabled.
    #[cfg(all(feature = "runtime", feature = "http2"))]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_keep_alive_timeout(mut self, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_keep_alive_timeout(timeout);
        self
    }

    /// Set the maximum write buffer size for each HTTP/2 stream.
    ///
    /// Default is currently ~400KB, but may change.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// The value must be no larger than `u32::MAX`.
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "http2")))]
    pub fn http2_max_send_buf_size(mut self, max: usize) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_max_send_buf_size(max);
        self
    }

    /// Enables the [extended CONNECT protocol].
    ///
    /// [extended CONNECT protocol]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8441#section-4
    #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
    pub fn http2_enable_connect_protocol(mut self) -> Self {
        self.protocol.http2_enable_connect_protocol();
        self
    }

    /// Sets the `Executor` to deal with connection tasks.
    ///
    /// Default is `tokio::spawn`.
    pub fn executor<E2>(self, executor: E2) -> Builder<I, E2> {
        Builder {
            incoming: self.incoming,
            protocol: self.protocol.with_executor(executor),
        }
    }

    /// Consume this `Builder`, creating a [`Server`](Server).
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
    /// # async fn run() {
    /// use hyper::{Body, Error, Response, Server};
    /// use hyper::service::{make_service_fn, service_fn};
    ///
    /// // Construct our SocketAddr to listen on...
    /// let addr = ([127, 0, 0, 1], 3000).into();
    ///
    /// // And a MakeService to handle each connection...
    /// let make_svc = make_service_fn(|_| async {
    ///     Ok::<_, Error>(service_fn(|_req| async {
    ///         Ok::<_, Error>(Response::new(Body::from("Hello World")))
    ///     }))
    /// });
    ///
    /// // Then bind and serve...
    /// let server = Server::bind(&addr)
    ///     .serve(make_svc);
    ///
    /// // Run forever-ish...
    /// if let Err(err) = server.await {
    ///     eprintln!("server error: {}", err);
    /// }
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn serve<S, B>(self, make_service: S) -> Server<I, S, E>
    where
        I: Accept,
        I::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
        I::Conn: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
        S: MakeServiceRef<I::Conn, Body, ResBody = B>,
        S::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
        B: HttpBody + 'static,
        B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
        E: NewSvcExec<I::Conn, S::Future, S::Service, E, NoopWatcher>,
        E: ConnStreamExec<<S::Service as HttpService<Body>>::Future, B>,
    {
        Server {
            incoming: self.incoming,
            make_service,
            protocol: self.protocol.clone(),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "tcp")]
#[cfg_attr(
    docsrs,
    doc(cfg(all(feature = "tcp", any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))
)]
impl<E> Builder<AddrIncoming, E> {
    /// Set the duration to remain idle before sending TCP keepalive probes.
    ///
    /// If `None` is specified, keepalive is disabled.
    pub fn tcp_keepalive(mut self, keepalive: Option<Duration>) -> Self {
        self.incoming.set_keepalive(keepalive);
        self
    }

    /// Set the duration between two successive TCP keepalive retransmissions,
    /// if acknowledgement to the previous keepalive transmission is not received.
    pub fn tcp_keepalive_interval(mut self, interval: Option<Duration>) -> Self {
        self.incoming.set_keepalive_interval(interval);
        self
    }

    /// Set the number of retransmissions to be carried out before declaring that remote end is not available.
    pub fn tcp_keepalive_retries(mut self, retries: Option<u32>) -> Self {
        self.incoming.set_keepalive_retries(retries);
        self
    }

    /// Set the value of `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections.
    pub fn tcp_nodelay(mut self, enabled: bool) -> Self {
        self.incoming.set_nodelay(enabled);
        self
    }

    /// Set whether to sleep on accept errors.
    ///
    /// A possible scenario is that the process has hit the max open files
    /// allowed, and so trying to accept a new connection will fail with
    /// EMFILE. In some cases, it's preferable to just wait for some time, if
    /// the application will likely close some files (or connections), and try
    /// to accept the connection again. If this option is true, the error will
    /// be logged at the error level, since it is still a big deal, and then
    /// the listener will sleep for 1 second.
    ///
    /// In other cases, hitting the max open files should be treat similarly
    /// to being out-of-memory, and simply error (and shutdown). Setting this
    /// option to false will allow that.
    ///
    /// For more details see [`AddrIncoming::set_sleep_on_errors`]
    pub fn tcp_sleep_on_accept_errors(mut self, val: bool) -> Self {
        self.incoming.set_sleep_on_errors(val);
        self
    }

    /// Returns the local address that the server will be bound to.
    ///
    /// This might be useful when knowing the address is required before calling `Builder::serve`,
    /// but the address is not otherwise available (for e.g. when binding to port 0).
    pub fn local_addr(&self) -> SocketAddr {
        self.incoming.local_addr()
    }
}

// Used by `Server` to optionally watch a `Connection` future.
//
// The regular `hyper::Server` just uses a `NoopWatcher`, which does
// not need to watch anything, and so returns the `Connection` untouched.
//
// The `Server::with_graceful_shutdown` needs to keep track of all active
// connections, and signal that they start to shutdown when prompted, so
// it has a `GracefulWatcher` implementation to do that.
pub trait Watcher<I, S: HttpService<Body>, E>: Clone {
    type Future: Future<Output = crate::Result<()>>;

    fn watch(&self, conn: UpgradeableConnection<I, S, E>) -> Self::Future;
}

#[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct NoopWatcher;

impl<I, S, E> Watcher<I, S, E> for NoopWatcher
where
    I: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
    S: HttpService<Body>,
    E: ConnStreamExec<S::Future, S::ResBody>,
    S::ResBody: 'static,
    <S::ResBody as HttpBody>::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
{
    type Future = UpgradeableConnection<I, S, E>;

    fn watch(&self, conn: UpgradeableConnection<I, S, E>) -> Self::Future {
        conn
    }
}

// used by exec.rs
pub(crate) mod new_svc {
    use std::error::Error as StdError;
    use std::future::Future;
    use std::marker::Unpin;
    use std::pin::Pin;
    use std::task::{Context, Poll};

    use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
    use tracing::debug;

    use super::{Connecting, Watcher};
    use crate::body::{Body, HttpBody};
    use crate::common::exec::ConnStreamExec;
    use crate::service::HttpService;
    use pin_project_lite::pin_project;

    // This is a `Future<Item=(), Error=()>` spawned to an `Executor` inside
    // the `Server`. By being a nameable type, we can be generic over the
    // user's `Service::Future`, and thus an `Executor` can execute it.
    //
    // Doing this allows for the server to conditionally require `Send` futures,
    // depending on the `Executor` configured.
    //
    // Users cannot import this type, nor the associated `NewSvcExec`. Instead,
    // a blanket implementation for `Executor<impl Future>` is sufficient.

    pin_project! {
        #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
        pub struct NewSvcTask<I, N, S: HttpService<Body>, E, W: Watcher<I, S, E>> {
            #[pin]
            state: State<I, N, S, E, W>,
        }
    }

    pin_project! {
        #[project = StateProj]
        pub(super) enum State<I, N, S: HttpService<Body>, E, W: Watcher<I, S, E>> {
            Connecting {
                #[pin]
                connecting: Connecting<I, N, E>,
                watcher: W,
            },
            Connected {
                #[pin]
                future: W::Future,
            },
        }
    }

    impl<I, N, S: HttpService<Body>, E, W: Watcher<I, S, E>> NewSvcTask<I, N, S, E, W> {
        pub(super) fn new(connecting: Connecting<I, N, E>, watcher: W) -> Self {
            NewSvcTask {
                state: State::Connecting {
                    connecting,
                    watcher,
                },
            }
        }
    }

    impl<I, N, S, NE, B, E, W> Future for NewSvcTask<I, N, S, E, W>
    where
        I: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
        N: Future<Output = Result<S, NE>>,
        NE: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
        S: HttpService<Body, ResBody = B>,
        B: HttpBody + 'static,
        B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
        E: ConnStreamExec<S::Future, B>,
        W: Watcher<I, S, E>,
    {
        type Output = ();

        fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
            // If it weren't for needing to name this type so the `Send` bounds
            // could be projected to the `Serve` executor, this could just be
            // an `async fn`, and much safer. Woe is me.

            let mut me = self.project();
            loop {
                let next = {
                    match me.state.as_mut().project() {
                        StateProj::Connecting {
                            connecting,
                            watcher,
                        } => {
                            let res = ready!(connecting.poll(cx));
                            let conn = match res {
                                Ok(conn) => conn,
                                Err(err) => {
                                    let err = crate::Error::new_user_make_service(err);
                                    debug!("connecting error: {}", err);
                                    return Poll::Ready(());
                                }
                            };
                            let future = watcher.watch(conn.with_upgrades());
                            State::Connected { future }
                        }
                        StateProj::Connected { future } => {
                            return future.poll(cx).map(|res| {
                                if let Err(err) = res {
                                    debug!("connection error: {}", err);
                                }
                            });
                        }
                    }
                };

                me.state.set(next);
            }
        }
    }
}

pin_project! {
    /// A future building a new `Service` to a `Connection`.
    ///
    /// Wraps the future returned from `MakeService` into one that returns
    /// a `Connection`.
    #[must_use = "futures do nothing unless polled"]
    #[derive(Debug)]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))))]
    pub struct Connecting<I, F, E = Exec> {
        #[pin]
        future: F,
        io: Option<I>,
        protocol: Http_<E>,
    }
}

impl<I, F, S, FE, E, B> Future for Connecting<I, F, E>
where
    I: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
    F: Future<Output = Result<S, FE>>,
    S: HttpService<Body, ResBody = B>,
    B: HttpBody + 'static,
    B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>>,
    E: ConnStreamExec<S::Future, B>,
{
    type Output = Result<Connection<I, S, E>, FE>;

    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        let mut me = self.project();
        let service = ready!(me.future.poll(cx))?;
        let io = Option::take(&mut me.io).expect("polled after complete");
        Poll::Ready(Ok(me.protocol.serve_connection(io, service)))
    }
}