1 2<!DOCTYPE html> 3 4<html lang="en"> 5 <head> 6 <meta charset="utf-8" /> 7 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> 8 9 <title>IDLE — Python 3.12.0a0 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> 10 11 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> 12 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?2022.1" /> 13 14 <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> 15 <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> 16 <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> 17 <script src="../_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script> 18 <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> 19 20 <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> 21 22 <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" 23 title="Search within Python 3.12.0a0 documentation" 24 href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> 25 <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> 26 <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> 27 <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> 28 <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> 29 <link rel="next" title="Development Tools" href="development.html" /> 30 <link rel="prev" title="tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tk" href="tkinter.tix.html" /> 31 <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html" /> 32 33 34 35 36 37 <style> 38 @media only screen { 39 table.full-width-table { 40 width: 100%; 41 } 42 } 43 </style> 44<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.svg" /> 45 <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> 46 <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/menu.js"></script> 47 48 </head> 49<body> 50<div class="mobile-nav"> 51 <input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation" 52 aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" /> 53 <label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label"> 54 <span></span> 55 </label> 56 <nav class="nav-content" role="navigation"> 57 <a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo"> 58 <img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Logo"/> 59 </a> 60 <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> 61 <form role="search" class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> 62 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon"> 63 <path fill-rule="nonzero" 64 d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" fill="#444"></path> 65 </svg> 66 <input type="text" name="q" aria-label="Quick search"/> 67 <input type="submit" value="Go"/> 68 </form> 69 </nav> 70 <div class="menu-wrapper"> 71 <nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> 72 <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> 73 <div> 74 <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> 75 <ul> 76<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">IDLE</a><ul> 77<li><a class="reference internal" href="#menus">Menus</a><ul> 78<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-menu-shell-and-editor">File menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 79<li><a class="reference internal" href="#edit-menu-shell-and-editor">Edit menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 80<li><a class="reference internal" href="#format-menu-editor-window-only">Format menu (Editor window only)</a></li> 81<li><a class="reference internal" href="#run-menu-editor-window-only">Run menu (Editor window only)</a></li> 82<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shell-menu-shell-window-only">Shell menu (Shell window only)</a></li> 83<li><a class="reference internal" href="#debug-menu-shell-window-only">Debug menu (Shell window only)</a></li> 84<li><a class="reference internal" href="#options-menu-shell-and-editor">Options menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 85<li><a class="reference internal" href="#window-menu-shell-and-editor">Window menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 86<li><a class="reference internal" href="#help-menu-shell-and-editor">Help menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 87<li><a class="reference internal" href="#context-menus">Context menus</a></li> 88</ul> 89</li> 90<li><a class="reference internal" href="#editing-and-navigation">Editing and Navigation</a><ul> 91<li><a class="reference internal" href="#editor-windows">Editor windows</a></li> 92<li><a class="reference internal" href="#key-bindings">Key bindings</a></li> 93<li><a class="reference internal" href="#automatic-indentation">Automatic indentation</a></li> 94<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-and-replace">Search and Replace</a></li> 95<li><a class="reference internal" href="#completions">Completions</a></li> 96<li><a class="reference internal" href="#calltips">Calltips</a></li> 97<li><a class="reference internal" href="#code-context">Code Context</a></li> 98<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shell-window">Shell window</a></li> 99<li><a class="reference internal" href="#text-colors">Text colors</a></li> 100</ul> 101</li> 102<li><a class="reference internal" href="#startup-and-code-execution">Startup and Code Execution</a><ul> 103<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-usage">Command line usage</a></li> 104<li><a class="reference internal" href="#startup-failure">Startup failure</a></li> 105<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-user-code">Running user code</a></li> 106<li><a class="reference internal" href="#user-output-in-shell">User output in Shell</a></li> 107<li><a class="reference internal" href="#developing-tkinter-applications">Developing tkinter applications</a></li> 108<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-without-a-subprocess">Running without a subprocess</a></li> 109</ul> 110</li> 111<li><a class="reference internal" href="#help-and-preferences">Help and Preferences</a><ul> 112<li><a class="reference internal" href="#help-sources">Help sources</a></li> 113<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-preferences">Setting preferences</a></li> 114<li><a class="reference internal" href="#idle-on-macos">IDLE on macOS</a></li> 115<li><a class="reference internal" href="#extensions">Extensions</a></li> 116</ul> 117</li> 118<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-idlelib">idlelib</a></li> 119</ul> 120</li> 121</ul> 122 123 </div> 124 <div> 125 <h4>Previous topic</h4> 126 <p class="topless"><a href="tkinter.tix.html" 127 title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.tix</span></code> — Extension widgets for Tk</a></p> 128 </div> 129 <div> 130 <h4>Next topic</h4> 131 <p class="topless"><a href="development.html" 132 title="next chapter">Development Tools</a></p> 133 </div> 134 <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> 135 <h3>This Page</h3> 136 <ul class="this-page-menu"> 137 <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> 138 <li> 139 <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/idle.rst" 140 rel="nofollow">Show Source 141 </a> 142 </li> 143 </ul> 144 </div> 145 </nav> 146 </div> 147</div> 148 149 150 <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> 151 <h3>Navigation</h3> 152 <ul> 153 <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> 154 <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" 155 accesskey="I">index</a></li> 156 <li class="right" > 157 <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" 158 >modules</a> |</li> 159 <li class="right" > 160 <a href="development.html" title="Development Tools" 161 accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> 162 <li class="right" > 163 <a href="tkinter.tix.html" title="tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tk" 164 accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> 165 166 <li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> 167 <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> 168 <li class="switchers"> 169 <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> 170 <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> 171 </li> 172 <li> 173 174 </li> 175 <li id="cpython-language-and-version"> 176 <a href="../index.html">3.12.0a0 Documentation</a> » 177 </li> 178 179 <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> 180 <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="tk.html" accesskey="U">Graphical User Interfaces with Tk</a> »</li> 181 <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">IDLE</a></li> 182 <li class="right"> 183 184 185 <div class="inline-search" role="search"> 186 <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> 187 <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> 188 <input type="submit" value="Go" /> 189 <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> 190 <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> 191 </form> 192 </div> 193 | 194 </li> 195 196 </ul> 197 </div> 198 199 <div class="document"> 200 <div class="documentwrapper"> 201 <div class="bodywrapper"> 202 <div class="body" role="main"> 203 204 <section id="idle"> 205<span id="id1"></span><h1>IDLE<a class="headerlink" href="#idle" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1> 206<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Lib/idlelib/">Lib/idlelib/</a></p> 207<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" /> 208<p>IDLE is Python’s Integrated Development and Learning Environment.</p> 209<p>IDLE has the following features:</p> 210<ul class="simple"> 211<li><p>coded in 100% pure Python, using the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> GUI toolkit</p></li> 212<li><p>cross-platform: works mostly the same on Windows, Unix, and macOS</p></li> 213<li><p>Python shell window (interactive interpreter) with colorizing 214of code input, output, and error messages</p></li> 215<li><p>multi-window text editor with multiple undo, Python colorizing, 216smart indent, call tips, auto completion, and other features</p></li> 217<li><p>search within any window, replace within editor windows, and search 218through multiple files (grep)</p></li> 219<li><p>debugger with persistent breakpoints, stepping, and viewing 220of global and local namespaces</p></li> 221<li><p>configuration, browsers, and other dialogs</p></li> 222</ul> 223<section id="menus"> 224<h2>Menus<a class="headerlink" href="#menus" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> 225<p>IDLE has two main window types, the Shell window and the Editor window. It is 226possible to have multiple editor windows simultaneously. On Windows and 227Linux, each has its own top menu. Each menu documented below indicates 228which window type it is associated with.</p> 229<p>Output windows, such as used for Edit => Find in Files, are a subtype of editor 230window. They currently have the same top menu but a different 231default title and context menu.</p> 232<p>On macOS, there is one application menu. It dynamically changes according 233to the window currently selected. It has an IDLE menu, and some entries 234described below are moved around to conform to Apple guidelines.</p> 235<section id="file-menu-shell-and-editor"> 236<h3>File menu (Shell and Editor)<a class="headerlink" href="#file-menu-shell-and-editor" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 237<dl class="simple"> 238<dt>New File</dt><dd><p>Create a new file editing window.</p> 239</dd> 240<dt>Open…</dt><dd><p>Open an existing file with an Open dialog.</p> 241</dd> 242<dt>Open Module…</dt><dd><p>Open an existing module (searches sys.path).</p> 243</dd> 244<dt>Recent Files</dt><dd><p>Open a list of recent files. Click one to open it.</p> 245</dd> 246</dl> 247<dl class="simple" id="index-1"> 248<dt>Module Browser</dt><dd><p>Show functions, classes, and methods in the current Editor file in a 249tree structure. In the shell, open a module first.</p> 250</dd> 251<dt>Path Browser</dt><dd><p>Show sys.path directories, modules, functions, classes and methods in a 252tree structure.</p> 253</dd> 254<dt>Save</dt><dd><p>Save the current window to the associated file, if there is one. Windows 255that have been changed since being opened or last saved have a * before 256and after the window title. If there is no associated file, 257do Save As instead.</p> 258</dd> 259<dt>Save As…</dt><dd><p>Save the current window with a Save As dialog. The file saved becomes the 260new associated file for the window. (If your file namager is set to hide 261extensions, the current extension will be omitted in the file name box. 262If the new filename has no ‘.’, ‘.py’ and ‘.txt’ will be added for Python 263and text files, except that on macOS Aqua,’.py’ is added for all files.)</p> 264</dd> 265<dt>Save Copy As…</dt><dd><p>Save the current window to different file without changing the associated 266file. (See Save As note above about filename extensions.)</p> 267</dd> 268<dt>Print Window</dt><dd><p>Print the current window to the default printer.</p> 269</dd> 270<dt>Close Window</dt><dd><p>Close the current window (if an unsaved editor, ask to save; if an unsaved 271Shell, ask to quit execution). Calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exit()</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code> in the Shell 272window also closes Shell. If this is the only window, also exit IDLE.</p> 273</dd> 274<dt>Exit IDLE</dt><dd><p>Close all windows and quit IDLE (ask to save unsaved edit windows).</p> 275</dd> 276</dl> 277</section> 278<section id="edit-menu-shell-and-editor"> 279<h3>Edit menu (Shell and Editor)<a class="headerlink" href="#edit-menu-shell-and-editor" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 280<dl class="simple"> 281<dt>Undo</dt><dd><p>Undo the last change to the current window. A maximum of 1000 changes may 282be undone.</p> 283</dd> 284<dt>Redo</dt><dd><p>Redo the last undone change to the current window.</p> 285</dd> 286<dt>Select All</dt><dd><p>Select the entire contents of the current window.</p> 287</dd> 288<dt>Cut</dt><dd><p>Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection.</p> 289</dd> 290<dt>Copy</dt><dd><p>Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard.</p> 291</dd> 292<dt>Paste</dt><dd><p>Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window.</p> 293</dd> 294</dl> 295<p>The clipboard functions are also available in context menus.</p> 296<dl class="simple"> 297<dt>Find…</dt><dd><p>Open a search dialog with many options</p> 298</dd> 299<dt>Find Again</dt><dd><p>Repeat the last search, if there is one.</p> 300</dd> 301<dt>Find Selection</dt><dd><p>Search for the currently selected string, if there is one.</p> 302</dd> 303<dt>Find in Files…</dt><dd><p>Open a file search dialog. Put results in a new output window.</p> 304</dd> 305<dt>Replace…</dt><dd><p>Open a search-and-replace dialog.</p> 306</dd> 307<dt>Go to Line</dt><dd><p>Move the cursor to the beginning of the line requested and make that 308line visible. A request past the end of the file goes to the end. 309Clear any selection and update the line and column status.</p> 310</dd> 311<dt>Show Completions</dt><dd><p>Open a scrollable list allowing selection of existing names. See 312<a class="reference internal" href="#completions"><span class="std std-ref">Completions</span></a> in the Editing and navigation section below.</p> 313</dd> 314<dt>Expand Word</dt><dd><p>Expand a prefix you have typed to match a full word in the same window; 315repeat to get a different expansion.</p> 316</dd> 317<dt>Show Call Tip</dt><dd><p>After an unclosed parenthesis for a function, open a small window with 318function parameter hints. See <a class="reference internal" href="#calltips"><span class="std std-ref">Calltips</span></a> in the 319Editing and navigation section below.</p> 320</dd> 321<dt>Show Surrounding Parens</dt><dd><p>Highlight the surrounding parenthesis.</p> 322</dd> 323</dl> 324</section> 325<section id="format-menu-editor-window-only"> 326<span id="format-menu"></span><h3>Format menu (Editor window only)<a class="headerlink" href="#format-menu-editor-window-only" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 327<dl class="simple"> 328<dt>Format Paragraph</dt><dd><p>Reformat the current blank-line-delimited paragraph in comment block or 329multiline string or selected line in a string. All lines in the 330paragraph will be formatted to less than N columns, where N defaults to 72.</p> 331</dd> 332<dt>Indent Region</dt><dd><p>Shift selected lines right by the indent width (default 4 spaces).</p> 333</dd> 334<dt>Dedent Region</dt><dd><p>Shift selected lines left by the indent width (default 4 spaces).</p> 335</dd> 336<dt>Comment Out Region</dt><dd><p>Insert ## in front of selected lines.</p> 337</dd> 338<dt>Uncomment Region</dt><dd><p>Remove leading # or ## from selected lines.</p> 339</dd> 340<dt>Tabify Region</dt><dd><p>Turn <em>leading</em> stretches of spaces into tabs. (Note: We recommend using 3414 space blocks to indent Python code.)</p> 342</dd> 343<dt>Untabify Region</dt><dd><p>Turn <em>all</em> tabs into the correct number of spaces.</p> 344</dd> 345<dt>Toggle Tabs</dt><dd><p>Open a dialog to switch between indenting with spaces and tabs.</p> 346</dd> 347<dt>New Indent Width</dt><dd><p>Open a dialog to change indent width. The accepted default by the Python 348community is 4 spaces.</p> 349</dd> 350<dt>Strip Trailing Chitespace</dt><dd><p>Remove trailing space and other whitespace characters after the last 351non-whitespace character of a line by applying str.rstrip to each line, 352including lines within multiline strings. Except for Shell windows, 353remove extra newlines at the end of the file.</p> 354</dd> 355</dl> 356</section> 357<section id="run-menu-editor-window-only"> 358<span id="index-2"></span><h3>Run menu (Editor window only)<a class="headerlink" href="#run-menu-editor-window-only" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 359<dl class="simple" id="run-module"> 360<dt>Run Module</dt><dd><p>Do <a class="reference internal" href="#check-module"><span class="std std-ref">Check Module</span></a>. If no error, restart the shell to clean the 361environment, then execute the module. Output is displayed in the Shell 362window. Note that output requires use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write</span></code>. 363When execution is complete, the Shell retains focus and displays a prompt. 364At this point, one may interactively explore the result of execution. 365This is similar to executing a file with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-i</span> <span class="pre">file</span></code> at a command 366line.</p> 367</dd> 368</dl> 369<dl class="simple" id="run-custom"> 370<dt>Run… Customized</dt><dd><p>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#run-module"><span class="std std-ref">Run Module</span></a>, but run the module with customized 371settings. <em>Command Line Arguments</em> extend <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.argv" title="sys.argv"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.argv</span></code></a> as if passed 372on a command line. The module can be run in the Shell without restarting.</p> 373</dd> 374</dl> 375<dl class="simple" id="check-module"> 376<dt>Check Module</dt><dd><p>Check the syntax of the module currently open in the Editor window. If the 377module has not been saved IDLE will either prompt the user to save or 378autosave, as selected in the General tab of the Idle Settings dialog. If 379there is a syntax error, the approximate location is indicated in the 380Editor window.</p> 381</dd> 382</dl> 383<dl class="simple" id="python-shell"> 384<dt>Python Shell</dt><dd><p>Open or wake up the Python Shell window.</p> 385</dd> 386</dl> 387</section> 388<section id="shell-menu-shell-window-only"> 389<h3>Shell menu (Shell window only)<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-menu-shell-window-only" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 390<dl class="simple"> 391<dt>View Last Restart</dt><dd><p>Scroll the shell window to the last Shell restart.</p> 392</dd> 393<dt>Restart Shell</dt><dd><p>Restart the shell to clean the environment and reset display and exception handling.</p> 394</dd> 395<dt>Previous History</dt><dd><p>Cycle through earlier commands in history which match the current entry.</p> 396</dd> 397<dt>Next History</dt><dd><p>Cycle through later commands in history which match the current entry.</p> 398</dd> 399<dt>Interrupt Execution</dt><dd><p>Stop a running program.</p> 400</dd> 401</dl> 402</section> 403<section id="debug-menu-shell-window-only"> 404<h3>Debug menu (Shell window only)<a class="headerlink" href="#debug-menu-shell-window-only" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 405<dl class="simple"> 406<dt>Go to File/Line</dt><dd><p>Look on the current line. with the cursor, and the line above for a filename 407and line number. If found, open the file if not already open, and show the 408line. Use this to view source lines referenced in an exception traceback 409and lines found by Find in Files. Also available in the context menu of 410the Shell window and Output windows.</p> 411</dd> 412</dl> 413<dl class="simple" id="index-3"> 414<dt>Debugger (toggle)</dt><dd><p>When activated, code entered in the Shell or run from an Editor will run 415under the debugger. In the Editor, breakpoints can be set with the context 416menu. This feature is still incomplete and somewhat experimental.</p> 417</dd> 418<dt>Stack Viewer</dt><dd><p>Show the stack traceback of the last exception in a tree widget, with 419access to locals and globals.</p> 420</dd> 421<dt>Auto-open Stack Viewer</dt><dd><p>Toggle automatically opening the stack viewer on an unhandled exception.</p> 422</dd> 423</dl> 424</section> 425<section id="options-menu-shell-and-editor"> 426<h3>Options menu (Shell and Editor)<a class="headerlink" href="#options-menu-shell-and-editor" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 427<dl class="simple"> 428<dt>Configure IDLE</dt><dd><p>Open a configuration dialog and change preferences for the following: 429fonts, indentation, keybindings, text color themes, startup windows and 430size, additional help sources, and extensions. On macOS, open the 431configuration dialog by selecting Preferences in the application 432menu. For more details, see 433<a class="reference internal" href="#preferences"><span class="std std-ref">Setting preferences</span></a> under Help and preferences.</p> 434</dd> 435</dl> 436<p>Most configuration options apply to all windows or all future windows. 437The option items below only apply to the active window.</p> 438<dl class="simple"> 439<dt>Show/Hide Code Context (Editor Window only)</dt><dd><p>Open a pane at the top of the edit window which shows the block context 440of the code which has scrolled above the top of the window. See 441<a class="reference internal" href="#code-context"><span class="std std-ref">Code Context</span></a> in the Editing and Navigation section 442below.</p> 443</dd> 444<dt>Show/Hide Line Numbers (Editor Window only)</dt><dd><p>Open a column to the left of the edit window which shows the number 445of each line of text. The default is off, which may be changed in the 446preferences (see <a class="reference internal" href="#preferences"><span class="std std-ref">Setting preferences</span></a>).</p> 447</dd> 448<dt>Zoom/Restore Height</dt><dd><p>Toggles the window between normal size and maximum height. The initial size 449defaults to 40 lines by 80 chars unless changed on the General tab of the 450Configure IDLE dialog. The maximum height for a screen is determined by 451momentarily maximizing a window the first time one is zoomed on the screen. 452Changing screen settings may invalidate the saved height. This toggle has 453no effect when a window is maximized.</p> 454</dd> 455</dl> 456</section> 457<section id="window-menu-shell-and-editor"> 458<h3>Window menu (Shell and Editor)<a class="headerlink" href="#window-menu-shell-and-editor" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 459<p>Lists the names of all open windows; select one to bring it to the foreground 460(deiconifying it if necessary).</p> 461</section> 462<section id="help-menu-shell-and-editor"> 463<h3>Help menu (Shell and Editor)<a class="headerlink" href="#help-menu-shell-and-editor" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 464<dl class="simple"> 465<dt>About IDLE</dt><dd><p>Display version, copyright, license, credits, and more.</p> 466</dd> 467<dt>IDLE Help</dt><dd><p>Display this IDLE document, detailing the menu options, basic editing and 468navigation, and other tips.</p> 469</dd> 470<dt>Python Docs</dt><dd><p>Access local Python documentation, if installed, or start a web browser 471and open docs.python.org showing the latest Python documentation.</p> 472</dd> 473<dt>Turtle Demo</dt><dd><p>Run the turtledemo module with example Python code and turtle drawings.</p> 474</dd> 475</dl> 476<p>Additional help sources may be added here with the Configure IDLE dialog under 477the General tab. See the <a class="reference internal" href="#help-sources"><span class="std std-ref">Help sources</span></a> subsection below 478for more on Help menu choices.</p> 479</section> 480<section id="context-menus"> 481<span id="index-4"></span><h3>Context menus<a class="headerlink" href="#context-menus" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 482<p>Open a context menu by right-clicking in a window (Control-click on macOS). 483Context menus have the standard clipboard functions also on the Edit menu.</p> 484<dl class="simple"> 485<dt>Cut</dt><dd><p>Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection.</p> 486</dd> 487<dt>Copy</dt><dd><p>Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard.</p> 488</dd> 489<dt>Paste</dt><dd><p>Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window.</p> 490</dd> 491</dl> 492<p>Editor windows also have breakpoint functions. Lines with a breakpoint set are 493specially marked. Breakpoints only have an effect when running under the 494debugger. Breakpoints for a file are saved in the user’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.idlerc</span></code> 495directory.</p> 496<dl class="simple"> 497<dt>Set Breakpoint</dt><dd><p>Set a breakpoint on the current line.</p> 498</dd> 499<dt>Clear Breakpoint</dt><dd><p>Clear the breakpoint on that line.</p> 500</dd> 501</dl> 502<p>Shell and Output windows also have the following.</p> 503<dl class="simple"> 504<dt>Go to file/line</dt><dd><p>Same as in Debug menu.</p> 505</dd> 506</dl> 507<p>The Shell window also has an output squeezing facility explained in the <em>Python 508Shell window</em> subsection below.</p> 509<dl class="simple"> 510<dt>Squeeze</dt><dd><p>If the cursor is over an output line, squeeze all the output between 511the code above and the prompt below down to a ‘Squeezed text’ label.</p> 512</dd> 513</dl> 514</section> 515</section> 516<section id="editing-and-navigation"> 517<span id="id2"></span><h2>Editing and Navigation<a class="headerlink" href="#editing-and-navigation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> 518<section id="editor-windows"> 519<h3>Editor windows<a class="headerlink" href="#editor-windows" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 520<p>IDLE may open editor windows when it starts, depending on settings 521and how you start IDLE. Thereafter, use the File menu. There can be only 522one open editor window for a given file.</p> 523<p>The title bar contains the name of the file, the full path, and the version 524of Python and IDLE running the window. The status bar contains the line 525number (‘Ln’) and column number (‘Col’). Line numbers start with 1; 526column numbers with 0.</p> 527<p>IDLE assumes that files with a known .py* extension contain Python code 528and that other files do not. Run Python code with the Run menu.</p> 529</section> 530<section id="key-bindings"> 531<h3>Key bindings<a class="headerlink" href="#key-bindings" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 532<p>In this section, ‘C’ refers to the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Control</kbd> key on Windows and Unix and 533the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Command</kbd> key on macOS.</p> 534<ul> 535<li><p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Backspace</kbd> deletes to the left; <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Del</kbd> deletes to the right</p></li> 536<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Backspace</kbd></kbd> delete word left; <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Del</kbd></kbd> delete word to the right</p></li> 537<li><p>Arrow keys and <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Page Up</kbd>/<kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Page</kbd> <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Down</kbd></kbd> to move around</p></li> 538<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">LeftArrow</kbd></kbd> and <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">RightArrow</kbd></kbd> moves by words</p></li> 539<li><p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Home</kbd>/<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">End</kbd> go to begin/end of line</p></li> 540<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Home</kbd></kbd>/<kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">End</kbd></kbd> go to begin/end of file</p></li> 541<li><p>Some useful Emacs bindings are inherited from Tcl/Tk:</p> 542<blockquote> 543<div><ul class="simple"> 544<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">a</kbd></kbd> beginning of line</p></li> 545<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">e</kbd></kbd> end of line</p></li> 546<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">k</kbd></kbd> kill line (but doesn’t put it in clipboard)</p></li> 547<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">l</kbd></kbd> center window around the insertion point</p></li> 548<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">b</kbd></kbd> go backward one character without deleting (usually you can 549also use the cursor key for this)</p></li> 550<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">f</kbd></kbd> go forward one character without deleting (usually you can 551also use the cursor key for this)</p></li> 552<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">p</kbd></kbd> go up one line (usually you can also use the cursor key for 553this)</p></li> 554<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">d</kbd></kbd> delete next character</p></li> 555</ul> 556</div></blockquote> 557</li> 558</ul> 559<p>Standard keybindings (like <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">c</kbd></kbd> to copy and <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">v</kbd></kbd> to paste) 560may work. Keybindings are selected in the Configure IDLE dialog.</p> 561</section> 562<section id="automatic-indentation"> 563<h3>Automatic indentation<a class="headerlink" href="#automatic-indentation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 564<p>After a block-opening statement, the next line is indented by 4 spaces (in the 565Python Shell window by one tab). After certain keywords (break, return etc.) 566the next line is dedented. In leading indentation, <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Backspace</kbd> deletes up 567to 4 spaces if they are there. <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Tab</kbd> inserts spaces (in the Python 568Shell window one tab), number depends on Indent width. Currently, tabs 569are restricted to four spaces due to Tcl/Tk limitations.</p> 570<p>See also the indent/dedent region commands on the 571<a class="reference internal" href="#format-menu"><span class="std std-ref">Format menu</span></a>.</p> 572</section> 573<section id="search-and-replace"> 574<h3>Search and Replace<a class="headerlink" href="#search-and-replace" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 575<p>Any selection becomes a search target. However, only selections within 576a line work because searches are only performed within lines with the 577terminal newline removed. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[x]</span> <span class="pre">Regular</span> <span class="pre">expresion</span></code> is checked, the 578target is interpreted according to the Python re module.</p> 579</section> 580<section id="completions"> 581<span id="id3"></span><h3>Completions<a class="headerlink" href="#completions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 582<p>Completions are supplied, when requested and available, for module 583names, attributes of classes or functions, or filenames. Each request 584method displays a completion box with existing names. (See tab 585completions below for an exception.) For any box, change the name 586being completed and the item highlighted in the box by 587typing and deleting characters; by hitting <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Up</kbd>, <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Down</kbd>, 588<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">PageUp</kbd>, <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">PageDown</kbd>, <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Home</kbd>, and <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">End</kbd> keys; 589and by a single click within the box. Close the box with <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Escape</kbd>, 590<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Enter</kbd>, and double <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Tab</kbd> keys or clicks outside the box. 591A double click within the box selects and closes.</p> 592<p>One way to open a box is to type a key character and wait for a 593predefined interval. This defaults to 2 seconds; customize it 594in the settings dialog. (To prevent auto popups, set the delay to a 595large number of milliseconds, such as 100000000.) For imported module 596names or class or function attributes, type ‘.’. 597For filenames in the root directory, type <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.sep" title="os.sep"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.sep</span></code></a> or 598<a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.altsep" title="os.altsep"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.altsep</span></code></a> immediately after an opening quote. (On Windows, 599one can specify a drive first.) Move into subdirectories by typing a 600directory name and a separator.</p> 601<p>Instead of waiting, or after a box is closed, open a completion box 602immediately with Show Completions on the Edit menu. The default hot 603key is <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">space</kbd></kbd>. If one types a prefix for the desired name 604before opening the box, the first match or near miss is made visible. 605The result is the same as if one enters a prefix 606after the box is displayed. Show Completions after a quote completes 607filenames in the current directory instead of a root directory.</p> 608<p>Hitting <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Tab</kbd> after a prefix usually has the same effect as Show 609Completions. (With no prefix, it indents.) However, if there is only 610one match to the prefix, that match is immediately added to the editor 611text without opening a box.</p> 612<p>Invoking ‘Show Completions’, or hitting <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Tab</kbd> after a prefix, 613outside of a string and without a preceding ‘.’ opens a box with 614keywords, builtin names, and available module-level names.</p> 615<p>When editing code in an editor (as oppose to Shell), increase the 616available module-level names by running your code 617and not restarting the Shell thereafter. This is especially useful 618after adding imports at the top of a file. This also increases 619possible attribute completions.</p> 620<p>Completion boxes initially exclude names beginning with ‘_’ or, for 621modules, not included in ‘__all__’. The hidden names can be accessed 622by typing ‘_’ after ‘.’, either before or after the box is opened.</p> 623</section> 624<section id="calltips"> 625<span id="id4"></span><h3>Calltips<a class="headerlink" href="#calltips" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 626<p>A calltip is shown automatically when one types <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">(</kbd> after the name 627of an <em>accessible</em> function. A function name expression may include 628dots and subscripts. A calltip remains until it is clicked, the cursor 629is moved out of the argument area, or <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">)</kbd> is typed. Whenever the 630cursor is in the argument part of a definition, select Edit and “Show 631Call Tip” on the menu or enter its shortcut to display a calltip.</p> 632<p>The calltip consists of the function’s signature and docstring up to 633the latter’s first blank line or the fifth non-blank line. (Some builtin 634functions lack an accessible signature.) A ‘/’ or ‘*’ in the signature 635indicates that the preceding or following arguments are passed by 636position or name (keyword) only. Details are subject to change.</p> 637<p>In Shell, the accessible functions depends on what modules have been 638imported into the user process, including those imported by Idle itself, 639and which definitions have been run, all since the last restart.</p> 640<p>For example, restart the Shell and enter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">itertools.count(</span></code>. A calltip 641appears because Idle imports itertools into the user process for its own 642use. (This could change.) Enter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">turtle.write(</span></code> and nothing appears. 643Idle does not itself import turtle. The menu entry and shortcut also do 644nothing. Enter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">turtle</span></code>. Thereafter, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">turtle.write(</span></code> 645will display a calltip.</p> 646<p>In an editor, import statements have no effect until one runs the file. 647One might want to run a file after writing import statements, after 648adding function definitions, or after opening an existing file.</p> 649</section> 650<section id="code-context"> 651<span id="id5"></span><h3>Code Context<a class="headerlink" href="#code-context" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 652<p>Within an editor window containing Python code, code context can be toggled 653in order to show or hide a pane at the top of the window. When shown, this 654pane freezes the opening lines for block code, such as those beginning with 655<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">class</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">def</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span></code> keywords, that would have otherwise scrolled 656out of view. The size of the pane will be expanded and contracted as needed 657to show the all current levels of context, up to the maximum number of 658lines defined in the Configure IDLE dialog (which defaults to 15). If there 659are no current context lines and the feature is toggled on, a single blank 660line will display. Clicking on a line in the context pane will move that 661line to the top of the editor.</p> 662<p>The text and background colors for the context pane can be configured under 663the Highlights tab in the Configure IDLE dialog.</p> 664</section> 665<section id="shell-window"> 666<h3>Shell window<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-window" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 667<p>In IDLE’s Shell, enter, edit, and recall complete statements. (Most 668consoles and terminals only work with a single physical line at a time).</p> 669<p>Submit a single-line statement for execution by hitting <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Return</kbd> 670with the cursor anywhere on the line. If a line is extended with 671Backslash (<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">\</kbd>), the cursor must be on the last physical line. 672Submit a multi-line compound statement by entering a blank line after 673the statement.</p> 674<p>When one pastes code into Shell, it is not compiled and possibly executed 675until one hits <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Return</kbd>, as specified above. 676One may edit pasted code first. 677If one pastes more than one statement into Shell, the result will be a 678<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a> when multiple statements are compiled as if they were one.</p> 679<p>Lines containing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RESTART</span></code> mean that the user execution process has been 680re-started. This occurs when the user execution process has crashed, 681when one requests a restart on the Shell menu, or when one runs code 682in an editor window.</p> 683<p>The editing features described in previous subsections work when entering 684code interactively. IDLE’s Shell window also responds to the following keys.</p> 685<ul> 686<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">c</kbd></kbd> interrupts executing command</p></li> 687<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">d</kbd></kbd> sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">>>></span></code> prompt</p></li> 688<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">/</kbd></kbd> (Expand word) is also useful to reduce typing</p> 689<p>Command history</p> 690<ul class="simple"> 691<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">p</kbd></kbd> retrieves previous command matching what you have typed. On 692macOS use <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">p</kbd></kbd>.</p></li> 693<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">n</kbd></kbd> retrieves next. On macOS use <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">n</kbd></kbd>.</p></li> 694<li><p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Return</kbd> while the cursor is on any previous command 695retrieves that command</p></li> 696</ul> 697</li> 698</ul> 699</section> 700<section id="text-colors"> 701<h3>Text colors<a class="headerlink" href="#text-colors" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 702<p>Idle defaults to black on white text, but colors text with special meanings. 703For the shell, these are shell output, shell error, user output, and 704user error. For Python code, at the shell prompt or in an editor, these are 705keywords, builtin class and function names, names following <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">class</span></code> and 706<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">def</span></code>, strings, and comments. For any text window, these are the cursor (when 707present), found text (when possible), and selected text.</p> 708<p>IDLE also highlights the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/lexical_analysis.html#soft-keywords"><span class="std std-ref">soft keywords</span></a> <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#match"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">match</span></code></a>, 709<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#match"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#wildcard-patterns"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code></a> in 710pattern-matching statements. However, this highlighting is not perfect and 711will be incorrect in some rare cases, including some <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code>-s in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case</span></code> 712patterns.</p> 713<p>Text coloring is done in the background, so uncolorized text is occasionally 714visible. To change the color scheme, use the Configure IDLE dialog 715Highlighting tab. The marking of debugger breakpoint lines in the editor and 716text in popups and dialogs is not user-configurable.</p> 717</section> 718</section> 719<section id="startup-and-code-execution"> 720<h2>Startup and Code Execution<a class="headerlink" href="#startup-and-code-execution" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> 721<p>Upon startup with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code> option, IDLE will execute the file referenced by 722the environment variables <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IDLESTARTUP</span></code> or <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONSTARTUP"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONSTARTUP</span></code></a>. 723IDLE first checks for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IDLESTARTUP</span></code>; if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IDLESTARTUP</span></code> is present the file 724referenced is run. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IDLESTARTUP</span></code> is not present, IDLE checks for 725<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONSTARTUP</span></code>. Files referenced by these environment variables are 726convenient places to store functions that are used frequently from the IDLE 727shell, or for executing import statements to import common modules.</p> 728<p>In addition, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tk</span></code> also loads a startup file if it is present. Note that the 729Tk file is loaded unconditionally. This additional file is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.Idle.py</span></code> and is 730looked for in the user’s home directory. Statements in this file will be 731executed in the Tk namespace, so this file is not useful for importing 732functions to be used from IDLE’s Python shell.</p> 733<section id="command-line-usage"> 734<h3>Command line usage<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-usage" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 735<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>idle.py [-c command] [-d] [-e] [-h] [-i] [-r file] [-s] [-t title] [-] [arg] ... 736 737-c command run command in the shell window 738-d enable debugger and open shell window 739-e open editor window 740-h print help message with legal combinations and exit 741-i open shell window 742-r file run file in shell window 743-s run $IDLESTARTUP or $PYTHONSTARTUP first, in shell window 744-t title set title of shell window 745- run stdin in shell (- must be last option before args) 746</pre></div> 747</div> 748<p>If there are arguments:</p> 749<ul class="simple"> 750<li><p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-c</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">r</span></code> is used, all arguments are placed in 751<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.argv[1:...]</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.argv[0]</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">''</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'-c'</span></code>, 752or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'-r'</span></code>. No editor window is opened, even if that is the default 753set in the Options dialog.</p></li> 754<li><p>Otherwise, arguments are files opened for editing and 755<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.argv</span></code> reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself.</p></li> 756</ul> 757</section> 758<section id="startup-failure"> 759<h3>Startup failure<a class="headerlink" href="#startup-failure" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 760<p>IDLE uses a socket to communicate between the IDLE GUI process and the user 761code execution process. A connection must be established whenever the Shell 762starts or restarts. (The latter is indicated by a divider line that says 763‘RESTART’). If the user process fails to connect to the GUI process, it 764usually displays a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tk</span></code> error box with a ‘cannot connect’ message 765that directs the user here. It then exits.</p> 766<p>One specific connection failure on Unix systems results from 767misconfigured masquerading rules somewhere in a system’s network setup. 768When IDLE is started from a terminal, one will see a message starting 769with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">**</span> <span class="pre">Invalid</span> <span class="pre">host:</span></code>. 770The valid value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">127.0.0.1</span> <span class="pre">(idlelib.rpc.LOCALHOST)</span></code>. 771One can diagnose with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcpconnect</span> <span class="pre">-irv</span> <span class="pre">127.0.0.1</span> <span class="pre">6543</span></code> in one 772terminal window and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcplisten</span> <span class="pre"><same</span> <span class="pre">args></span></code> in another.</p> 773<p>A common cause of failure is a user-written file with the same name as a 774standard library module, such as <em>random.py</em> and <em>tkinter.py</em>. When such a 775file is located in the same directory as a file that is about to be run, 776IDLE cannot import the stdlib file. The current fix is to rename the 777user file.</p> 778<p>Though less common than in the past, an antivirus or firewall program may 779stop the connection. If the program cannot be taught to allow the 780connection, then it must be turned off for IDLE to work. It is safe to 781allow this internal connection because no data is visible on external 782ports. A similar problem is a network mis-configuration that blocks 783connections.</p> 784<p>Python installation issues occasionally stop IDLE: multiple versions can 785clash, or a single installation might need admin access. If one undo the 786clash, or cannot or does not want to run as admin, it might be easiest to 787completely remove Python and start over.</p> 788<p>A zombie pythonw.exe process could be a problem. On Windows, use Task 789Manager to check for one and stop it if there is. Sometimes a restart 790initiated by a program crash or Keyboard Interrupt (control-C) may fail 791to connect. Dismissing the error box or using Restart Shell on the Shell 792menu may fix a temporary problem.</p> 793<p>When IDLE first starts, it attempts to read user configuration files in 794<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.idlerc/</span></code> (~ is one’s home directory). If there is a problem, an error 795message should be displayed. Leaving aside random disk glitches, this can 796be prevented by never editing the files by hand. Instead, use the 797configuration dialog, under Options. Once there is an error in a user 798configuration file, the best solution may be to delete it and start over 799with the settings dialog.</p> 800<p>If IDLE quits with no message, and it was not started from a console, try 801starting it from a console or terminal (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">idlelib</span></code>) and see if 802this results in an error message.</p> 803<p>On Unix-based systems with tcl/tk older than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">8.6.11</span></code> (see 804<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">About</span> <span class="pre">IDLE</span></code>) certain characters of certain fonts can cause 805a tk failure with a message to the terminal. This can happen either 806if one starts IDLE to edit a file with such a character or later 807when entering such a character. If one cannot upgrade tcl/tk, 808then re-configure IDLE to use a font that works better.</p> 809</section> 810<section id="running-user-code"> 811<h3>Running user code<a class="headerlink" href="#running-user-code" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 812<p>With rare exceptions, the result of executing Python code with IDLE is 813intended to be the same as executing the same code by the default method, 814directly with Python in a text-mode system console or terminal window. 815However, the different interface and operation occasionally affect 816visible results. For instance, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.modules</span></code> starts with more entries, 817and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.active_count()</span></code> returns 2 instead of 1.</p> 818<p>By default, IDLE runs user code in a separate OS process rather than in 819the user interface process that runs the shell and editor. In the execution 820process, it replaces <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code> 821with objects that get input from and send output to the Shell window. 822The original values stored in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.__stdin__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.__stdout__</span></code>, and 823<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.__stderr__</span></code> are not touched, but may be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> 824<p>Sending print output from one process to a text widget in another is 825slower than printing to a system terminal in the same process. 826This has the most effect when printing multiple arguments, as the string 827for each argument, each separator, the newline are sent separately. 828For development, this is usually not a problem, but if one wants to 829print faster in IDLE, format and join together everything one wants 830displayed together and then print a single string. Both format strings 831and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.join" title="str.join"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str.join()</span></code></a> can help combine fields and lines.</p> 832<p>IDLE’s standard stream replacements are not inherited by subprocesses 833created in the execution process, whether directly by user code or by 834modules such as multiprocessing. If such subprocess use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">input</span></code> from 835sys.stdin or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write</span></code> to sys.stdout or sys.stderr, 836IDLE should be started in a command line window. (On Windows, 837use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py</span></code> rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pythonw</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyw</span></code>.) 838The secondary subprocess 839will then be attached to that window for input and output.</p> 840<p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> is reset by user code, such as with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.reload(sys)</span></code>, 841IDLE’s changes are lost and input from the keyboard and output to the screen 842will not work correctly.</p> 843<p>When Shell has the focus, it controls the keyboard and screen. This is 844normally transparent, but functions that directly access the keyboard 845and screen will not work. These include system-specific functions that 846determine whether a key has been pressed and if so, which.</p> 847<p>The IDLE code running in the execution process adds frames to the call stack 848that would not be there otherwise. IDLE wraps <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit</span></code> and 849<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.setrecursionlimit</span></code> to reduce the effect of the additional stack 850frames.</p> 851<p>When user code raises SystemExit either directly or by calling sys.exit, 852IDLE returns to a Shell prompt instead of exiting.</p> 853</section> 854<section id="user-output-in-shell"> 855<h3>User output in Shell<a class="headerlink" href="#user-output-in-shell" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 856<p>When a program outputs text, the result is determined by the 857corresponding output device. When IDLE executes user code, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code> 858and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code> are connected to the display area of IDLE’s Shell. Some of 859its features are inherited from the underlying Tk Text widget. Others 860are programmed additions. Where it matters, Shell is designed for development 861rather than production runs.</p> 862<p>For instance, Shell never throws away output. A program that sends unlimited 863output to Shell will eventually fill memory, resulting in a memory error. 864In contrast, some system text windows only keep the last n lines of output. 865A Windows console, for instance, keeps a user-settable 1 to 9999 lines, 866with 300 the default.</p> 867<p>A Tk Text widget, and hence IDLE’s Shell, displays characters (codepoints) in 868the BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane) subset of Unicode. Which characters are 869displayed with a proper glyph and which with a replacement box depends on the 870operating system and installed fonts. Tab characters cause the following text 871to begin after the next tab stop. (They occur every 8 ‘characters’). Newline 872characters cause following text to appear on a new line. Other control 873characters are ignored or displayed as a space, box, or something else, 874depending on the operating system and font. (Moving the text cursor through 875such output with arrow keys may exhibit some surprising spacing behavior.)</p> 876<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'a</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s1">b</span><span class="se">\a</span><span class="s1"><</span><span class="se">\x02</span><span class="s1">><</span><span class="se">\r</span><span class="s1">></span><span class="se">\b</span><span class="s1">c</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">d'</span> <span class="c1"># Enter 22 chars.</span> 877<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span> 878<span class="go">14</span> 879<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="c1"># Display repr(s)</span> 880<span class="go">'a\tb\x07<\x02><\r>\x08c\nd'</span> 881<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Display s as is.</span> 882<span class="go"># Result varies by OS and font. Try it.</span> 883</pre></div> 884</div> 885<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr</span></code> function is used for interactive echo of expression 886values. It returns an altered version of the input string in which 887control codes, some BMP codepoints, and all non-BMP codepoints are 888replaced with escape codes. As demonstrated above, it allows one to 889identify the characters in a string, regardless of how they are displayed.</p> 890<p>Normal and error output are generally kept separate (on separate lines) 891from code input and each other. They each get different highlight colors.</p> 892<p>For SyntaxError tracebacks, the normal ‘^’ marking where the error was 893detected is replaced by coloring the text with an error highlight. 894When code run from a file causes other exceptions, one may right click 895on a traceback line to jump to the corresponding line in an IDLE editor. 896The file will be opened if necessary.</p> 897<p>Shell has a special facility for squeezing output lines down to a 898‘Squeezed text’ label. This is done automatically 899for output over N lines (N = 50 by default). 900N can be changed in the PyShell section of the General 901page of the Settings dialog. Output with fewer lines can be squeezed by 902right clicking on the output. This can be useful lines long enough to slow 903down scrolling.</p> 904<p>Squeezed output is expanded in place by double-clicking the label. 905It can also be sent to the clipboard or a separate view window by 906right-clicking the label.</p> 907</section> 908<section id="developing-tkinter-applications"> 909<h3>Developing tkinter applications<a class="headerlink" href="#developing-tkinter-applications" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 910<p>IDLE is intentionally different from standard Python in order to 911facilitate development of tkinter programs. Enter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">tkinter</span> <span class="pre">as</span> <span class="pre">tk;</span> 912<span class="pre">root</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">tk.Tk()</span></code> in standard Python and nothing appears. Enter the same 913in IDLE and a tk window appears. In standard Python, one must also enter 914<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root.update()</span></code> to see the window. IDLE does the equivalent in the 915background, about 20 times a second, which is about every 50 milliseconds. 916Next enter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">tk.Button(root,</span> <span class="pre">text='button');</span> <span class="pre">b.pack()</span></code>. Again, 917nothing visibly changes in standard Python until one enters <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root.update()</span></code>.</p> 918<p>Most tkinter programs run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root.mainloop()</span></code>, which usually does not 919return until the tk app is destroyed. If the program is run with 920<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-i</span></code> or from an IDLE editor, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">>>></span></code> shell prompt does not 921appear until <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mainloop()</span></code> returns, at which time there is nothing left 922to interact with.</p> 923<p>When running a tkinter program from an IDLE editor, one can comment out 924the mainloop call. One then gets a shell prompt immediately and can 925interact with the live application. One just has to remember to 926re-enable the mainloop call when running in standard Python.</p> 927</section> 928<section id="running-without-a-subprocess"> 929<h3>Running without a subprocess<a class="headerlink" href="#running-without-a-subprocess" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 930<p>By default, IDLE executes user code in a separate subprocess via a socket, 931which uses the internal loopback interface. This connection is not 932externally visible and no data is sent to or received from the internet. 933If firewall software complains anyway, you can ignore it.</p> 934<p>If the attempt to make the socket connection fails, Idle will notify you. 935Such failures are sometimes transient, but if persistent, the problem 936may be either a firewall blocking the connection or misconfiguration of 937a particular system. Until the problem is fixed, one can run Idle with 938the -n command line switch.</p> 939<p>If IDLE is started with the -n command line switch it will run in a 940single process and will not create the subprocess which runs the RPC 941Python execution server. This can be useful if Python cannot create 942the subprocess or the RPC socket interface on your platform. However, 943in this mode user code is not isolated from IDLE itself. Also, the 944environment is not restarted when Run/Run Module (F5) is selected. If 945your code has been modified, you must reload() the affected modules and 946re-import any specific items (e.g. from foo import baz) if the changes 947are to take effect. For these reasons, it is preferable to run IDLE 948with the default subprocess if at all possible.</p> 949<div class="deprecated"> 950<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.4.</span></p> 951</div> 952</section> 953</section> 954<section id="help-and-preferences"> 955<h2>Help and Preferences<a class="headerlink" href="#help-and-preferences" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> 956<section id="help-sources"> 957<span id="id6"></span><h3>Help sources<a class="headerlink" href="#help-sources" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 958<p>Help menu entry “IDLE Help” displays a formatted html version of the 959IDLE chapter of the Library Reference. The result, in a read-only 960tkinter text window, is close to what one sees in a web browser. 961Navigate through the text with a mousewheel, 962the scrollbar, or up and down arrow keys held down. 963Or click the TOC (Table of Contents) button and select a section 964header in the opened box.</p> 965<p>Help menu entry “Python Docs” opens the extensive sources of help, 966including tutorials, available at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docs.python.org/x.y</span></code>, where ‘x.y’ 967is the currently running Python version. If your system 968has an off-line copy of the docs (this may be an installation option), 969that will be opened instead.</p> 970<p>Selected URLs can be added or removed from the help menu at any time using the 971General tab of the Configure IDLE dialog.</p> 972</section> 973<section id="setting-preferences"> 974<span id="preferences"></span><h3>Setting preferences<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-preferences" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 975<p>The font preferences, highlighting, keys, and general preferences can be 976changed via Configure IDLE on the Option menu. 977Non-default user settings are saved in a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.idlerc</span></code> directory in the user’s 978home directory. Problems caused by bad user configuration files are solved 979by editing or deleting one or more of the files in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.idlerc</span></code>.</p> 980<p>On the Font tab, see the text sample for the effect of font face and size 981on multiple characters in multiple languages. Edit the sample to add 982other characters of personal interest. Use the sample to select 983monospaced fonts. If particular characters have problems in Shell or an 984editor, add them to the top of the sample and try changing first size 985and then font.</p> 986<p>On the Highlights and Keys tab, select a built-in or custom color theme 987and key set. To use a newer built-in color theme or key set with older 988IDLEs, save it as a new custom theme or key set and it well be accessible 989to older IDLEs.</p> 990</section> 991<section id="idle-on-macos"> 992<h3>IDLE on macOS<a class="headerlink" href="#idle-on-macos" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 993<p>Under System Preferences: Dock, one can set “Prefer tabs when opening 994documents” to “Always”. This setting is not compatible with the tk/tkinter 995GUI framework used by IDLE, and it breaks a few IDLE features.</p> 996</section> 997<section id="extensions"> 998<h3>Extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#extensions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> 999<p>IDLE contains an extension facility. Preferences for extensions can be 1000changed with the Extensions tab of the preferences dialog. See the 1001beginning of config-extensions.def in the idlelib directory for further 1002information. The only current default extension is zzdummy, an example 1003also used for testing.</p> 1004</section> 1005</section> 1006<section id="module-idlelib"> 1007<span id="idlelib"></span><h2>idlelib<a class="headerlink" href="#module-idlelib" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> 1008<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Lib/idlelib">Lib/idlelib</a></p> 1009<hr class="docutils" /> 1010<p>The Lib/idlelib package implements the IDLE application. See the rest 1011of this page for how to use IDLE.</p> 1012<p>The files in idlelib are described in idlelib/README.txt. Access it 1013either in idlelib or click Help => About IDLE on the IDLE menu. This 1014file also maps IDLE menu items to the code that implements the item. 1015Except for files listed under ‘Startup’, the idlelib code is ‘private’ in 1016sense that feature changes can be backported (see <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0434/"><strong>PEP 434</strong></a>).</p> 1017</section> 1018</section> 1019 1020 1021 <div class="clearer"></div> 1022 </div> 1023 </div> 1024 </div> 1025 <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> 1026 <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> 1027 <div> 1028 <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> 1029 <ul> 1030<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">IDLE</a><ul> 1031<li><a class="reference internal" href="#menus">Menus</a><ul> 1032<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-menu-shell-and-editor">File menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 1033<li><a class="reference internal" href="#edit-menu-shell-and-editor">Edit menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 1034<li><a class="reference internal" href="#format-menu-editor-window-only">Format menu (Editor window only)</a></li> 1035<li><a class="reference internal" href="#run-menu-editor-window-only">Run menu (Editor window only)</a></li> 1036<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shell-menu-shell-window-only">Shell menu (Shell window only)</a></li> 1037<li><a class="reference internal" href="#debug-menu-shell-window-only">Debug menu (Shell window only)</a></li> 1038<li><a class="reference internal" href="#options-menu-shell-and-editor">Options menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 1039<li><a class="reference internal" href="#window-menu-shell-and-editor">Window menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 1040<li><a class="reference internal" href="#help-menu-shell-and-editor">Help menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li> 1041<li><a class="reference internal" href="#context-menus">Context menus</a></li> 1042</ul> 1043</li> 1044<li><a class="reference internal" href="#editing-and-navigation">Editing and Navigation</a><ul> 1045<li><a class="reference internal" href="#editor-windows">Editor windows</a></li> 1046<li><a class="reference internal" href="#key-bindings">Key bindings</a></li> 1047<li><a class="reference internal" href="#automatic-indentation">Automatic indentation</a></li> 1048<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-and-replace">Search and Replace</a></li> 1049<li><a class="reference internal" href="#completions">Completions</a></li> 1050<li><a class="reference internal" href="#calltips">Calltips</a></li> 1051<li><a class="reference internal" href="#code-context">Code Context</a></li> 1052<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shell-window">Shell window</a></li> 1053<li><a class="reference internal" href="#text-colors">Text colors</a></li> 1054</ul> 1055</li> 1056<li><a class="reference internal" href="#startup-and-code-execution">Startup and Code Execution</a><ul> 1057<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-usage">Command line usage</a></li> 1058<li><a class="reference internal" href="#startup-failure">Startup failure</a></li> 1059<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-user-code">Running user code</a></li> 1060<li><a class="reference internal" href="#user-output-in-shell">User output in Shell</a></li> 1061<li><a class="reference internal" href="#developing-tkinter-applications">Developing tkinter applications</a></li> 1062<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-without-a-subprocess">Running without a subprocess</a></li> 1063</ul> 1064</li> 1065<li><a class="reference internal" href="#help-and-preferences">Help and Preferences</a><ul> 1066<li><a class="reference internal" href="#help-sources">Help sources</a></li> 1067<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-preferences">Setting preferences</a></li> 1068<li><a class="reference internal" href="#idle-on-macos">IDLE on macOS</a></li> 1069<li><a class="reference internal" href="#extensions">Extensions</a></li> 1070</ul> 1071</li> 1072<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-idlelib">idlelib</a></li> 1073</ul> 1074</li> 1075</ul> 1076 1077 </div> 1078 <div> 1079 <h4>Previous topic</h4> 1080 <p class="topless"><a href="tkinter.tix.html" 1081 title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.tix</span></code> — Extension widgets for Tk</a></p> 1082 </div> 1083 <div> 1084 <h4>Next topic</h4> 1085 <p class="topless"><a href="development.html" 1086 title="next chapter">Development Tools</a></p> 1087 </div> 1088 <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> 1089 <h3>This Page</h3> 1090 <ul class="this-page-menu"> 1091 <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> 1092 <li> 1093 <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/idle.rst" 1094 rel="nofollow">Show Source 1095 </a> 1096 </li> 1097 </ul> 1098 </div> 1099 </div> 1100<div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar"> 1101<span>«</span> 1102</div> 1103 1104 </div> 1105 <div class="clearer"></div> 1106 </div> 1107 <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> 1108 <h3>Navigation</h3> 1109 <ul> 1110 <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> 1111 <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" 1112 >index</a></li> 1113 <li class="right" > 1114 <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" 1115 >modules</a> |</li> 1116 <li class="right" > 1117 <a href="development.html" title="Development Tools" 1118 >next</a> |</li> 1119 <li class="right" > 1120 <a href="tkinter.tix.html" title="tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tk" 1121 >previous</a> |</li> 1122 1123 <li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> 1124 <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> 1125 <li class="switchers"> 1126 <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> 1127 <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> 1128 </li> 1129 <li> 1130 1131 </li> 1132 <li id="cpython-language-and-version"> 1133 <a href="../index.html">3.12.0a0 Documentation</a> » 1134 </li> 1135 1136 <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> 1137 <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="tk.html" >Graphical User Interfaces with Tk</a> »</li> 1138 <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">IDLE</a></li> 1139 <li class="right"> 1140 1141 1142 <div class="inline-search" role="search"> 1143 <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> 1144 <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> 1145 <input type="submit" value="Go" /> 1146 <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> 1147 <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> 1148 </form> 1149 </div> 1150 | 1151 </li> 1152 1153 </ul> 1154 </div> 1155 <div class="footer"> 1156 © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation. 1157 <br /> 1158 This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2. 1159 <br /> 1160 Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License. 1161 <br /> 1162 See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br /> 1163 <br /> 1164 1165 The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. 1166<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> 1167<br /> 1168 <br /> 1169 1170 Last updated on Sep 03, 2022. 1171 <a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? 1172 <br /> 1173 1174 Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.0.2. 1175 </div> 1176 1177 </body> 1178</html> 1179
