pigweed/pw_span/span_test.cc

// Copyright 2020 The Pigweed Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
// use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
// the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
// the License.

// This is the base::span unit test from Chromium, with small modifications.
// Modifications are noted with "Pigweed:" comments.
//
// Original file:
//   https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/ef71f9c29f0dc6eddae474879c4ca5232ca93a6c/base/containers/span_unittest.cc
//
// In order to minimize changes from the original, this file does NOT fully
// adhere to Pigweed's style guide.

// NOLINTBEGIN(modernize-unary-static-assert)

#include "pw_span/span.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>

#include "pw_polyfill/standard.h"
#include "pw_unit_test/framework.h"

// Pigweed: gMock matchers are not yet supported.
#if 0
using ::testing::ElementsAre;
using ::testing::Eq;
using ::testing::Pointwise;
#endif  // 0

namespace pw {
namespace {

// constexpr implementation of std::equal's 4 argument overload.
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
constexpr bool constexpr_equal(InputIterator1 first1,
                               InputIterator1 last1,
                               InputIterator2 first2,
                               InputIterator2 last2) {
  for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, ++first2) {
    if (*first1 != *first2)
      return false;
  }

  return first1 == last1 && first2 == last2;
}

}  // namespace

#ifdef __cpp_deduction_guides

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_MutableArray) {
  char array[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};

  auto the_span = span(array);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == 5u);
  static_assert(the_span.size() == 5u);

  the_span[0] = '!';
  EXPECT_STREQ(the_span.data(), "!bcd");
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_ConstArray) {
  static constexpr char array[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};

  constexpr auto the_span = span(array);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == 5u);
  static_assert(the_span.size() == 5u);

  EXPECT_STREQ(the_span.data(), "abcd");
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_MutableStdArray) {
  std::array<char, 5> array{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};

  auto the_span = span(array);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == 5u);
  static_assert(the_span.size() == 5u);

  the_span[0] = '?';
  EXPECT_STREQ(the_span.data(), "?bcd");
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_ConstStdArray) {
  static constexpr std::array<char, 5> array{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};

  constexpr auto the_span = span(array);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == 5u);
  static_assert(the_span.size() == 5u);

  EXPECT_STREQ(the_span.data(), "abcd");
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_MutableContainerWithConstElements) {
  std::string_view string("Hello");
  auto the_span = span<const char>(string);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == dynamic_extent);

  EXPECT_STREQ("Hello", the_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(5u, the_span.size());
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_MutableContainerWithMutableElements) {
  std::string string("Hello");
  auto the_span = span(string);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == dynamic_extent);

  EXPECT_EQ(5u, the_span.size());
  the_span[1] = 'a';
  EXPECT_STREQ(the_span.data(), string.data());
  EXPECT_STREQ("Hallo", the_span.data());
}

#endif  // __cpp_deduction_guides

class MutableStringView {
 public:
  using element_type = char;
  using value_type = char;
  using size_type = size_t;
  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
  using pointer = char*;
  using reference = char&;
  using iterator = char*;
  using const_iterator = const char*;
  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
  using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;

  MutableStringView(char* str) : data_(str, std::strlen(str)) {}

  char& operator[](size_type index) const { return data_[index]; }
  pointer data() const { return data_.data(); }
  size_type size() const { return data_.size(); }
  iterator begin() const { return data_.data(); }
  iterator end() const { return data_.data() + size(); }

 private:
  span<char> data_;
};

#ifdef __cpp_deduction_guides

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_ConstContainerWithMutableElements) {
  char data[] = "54321";
  MutableStringView view(data);

  auto the_span = span(view);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == dynamic_extent);

  EXPECT_EQ(5u, the_span.size());
  view[2] = '?';
  EXPECT_STREQ("54?21", the_span.data());
  EXPECT_STREQ("54?21", data);
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_ConstContainerWithMutableValueType) {
  const std::string string("Hello");
  auto the_span = span(string);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == dynamic_extent);

  EXPECT_EQ(5u, the_span.size());
  EXPECT_STREQ("Hello", the_span.data());
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_ConstContainerWithConstElements) {
  const std::string_view string("Hello");
  auto the_span = span(string);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == dynamic_extent);

  EXPECT_EQ(5u, the_span.size());
  EXPECT_STREQ("Hello", the_span.data());
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_FromTemporary_ContainerWithConstElements) {
  auto the_span = span(std::string_view("Hello"));
  static_assert(the_span.extent == dynamic_extent);

  EXPECT_EQ(5u, the_span.size());
  EXPECT_STREQ("Hello", the_span.data());
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_FromReference) {
  std::array<int, 5> array{1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
  std::array<int, 5>& array_ref = array;

  auto the_span = span(array_ref);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == 5);

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < array.size(); ++i) {
    ASSERT_EQ(array[i], the_span[i]);
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, DeductionGuides_FromConstReference) {
  std::string_view string = "yo!";
  const std::string_view string_ref = string;

  auto the_span = span(string_ref);
  static_assert(the_span.extent == dynamic_extent);

  EXPECT_EQ(string, the_span.data());
}

#endif  // __cpp_deduction_guides

TEST(SpanTest, DefaultConstructor) {
  span<int> dynamic_span;
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, dynamic_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, dynamic_span.size());

  constexpr span<int, 0> static_span;
  static_assert(nullptr == static_span.data(), "");
  static_assert(static_span.empty(), "");
}

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromDataAndSize) {
  constexpr span<int> empty_span(static_cast<int*>(nullptr), 0);
  EXPECT_TRUE(empty_span.empty());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, empty_span.data());

  std::vector<int> vector = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

  span<int> dynamic_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), dynamic_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size(), dynamic_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < dynamic_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], dynamic_span[i]);

  span<int, 6> static_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size(), static_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], static_span[i]);
}

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromPointerPair) {
  constexpr span<int> empty_span(static_cast<int*>(nullptr),
                                 static_cast<int*>(nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(empty_span.empty());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, empty_span.data());

  std::vector<int> vector = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

  span<int> dynamic_span(vector.data(), vector.data() + vector.size() / 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), dynamic_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size() / 2, dynamic_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < dynamic_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], dynamic_span[i]);

  span<int, 3> static_span(vector.data(), vector.data() + vector.size() / 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size() / 2, static_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], static_span[i]);
}

TEST(SpanTest, AllowedConversionsFromStdArray) {
  // In the following assertions we use std::is_convertible_v<From, To>, which
  // for non-void types is equivalent to checking whether the following
  // expression is well-formed:
  //
  // T obj = std::declval<From>();
  //
  // In particular we are checking whether From is implicitly convertible to To,
  // which also implies that To is explicitly constructible from From.
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<std::array<int, 3>&, span<int>>::value,
      "Error: l-value reference to std::array<int> should be convertible to "
      "span<int> with dynamic extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<std::array<int, 3>&, span<int, 3>>::value,
      "Error: l-value reference to std::array<int> should be convertible to "
      "span<int> with the same static extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<std::array<int, 3>&, span<const int>>::value,
      "Error: l-value reference to std::array<int> should be convertible to "
      "span<const int> with dynamic extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<std::array<int, 3>&, span<const int, 3>>::value,
      "Error: l-value reference to std::array<int> should be convertible to "
      "span<const int> with the same static extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<const std::array<int, 3>&, span<const int>>::value,
      "Error: const l-value reference to std::array<int> should be "
      "convertible to span<const int> with dynamic extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<const std::array<int, 3>&, span<const int, 3>>::value,
      "Error: const l-value reference to std::array<int> should be convertible "
      "to span<const int> with the same static extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<std::array<const int, 3>&, span<const int>>::value,
      "Error: l-value reference to std::array<const int> should be "
      "convertible to span<const int> with dynamic extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<std::array<const int, 3>&, span<const int, 3>>::value,
      "Error: l-value reference to std::array<const int> should be convertible "
      "to span<const int> with the same static extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<const std::array<const int, 3>&,
                          span<const int>>::value,
      "Error: const l-value reference to std::array<const int> should be "
      "convertible to span<const int> with dynamic extent.");
  static_assert(
      std::is_convertible<const std::array<const int, 3>&,
                          span<const int, 3>>::value,
      "Error: const l-value reference to std::array<const int> should be "
      "convertible to span<const int> with the same static extent.");
}

TEST(SpanTest, DisallowedConstructionsFromStdArray) {
  // In the following assertions we use !std::is_constructible_v<T, Args>, which
  // is equivalent to checking whether the following expression is malformed:
  //
  // T obj(std::declval<Args>()...);
  //
  // In particular we are checking that T is not explicitly constructible from
  // Args, which also implies that T is not implicitly constructible from Args
  // as well.
  static_assert(
      !std::is_constructible<span<int>, const std::array<int, 3>&>::value,
      "Error: span<int> with dynamic extent should not be constructible "
      "from const l-value reference to std::array<int>");

  static_assert(
      !std::is_constructible<span<int>, std::array<const int, 3>&>::value,
      "Error: span<int> with dynamic extent should not be constructible "
      "from l-value reference to std::array<const int>");

  static_assert(
      !std::is_constructible<span<int>, const std::array<const int, 3>&>::value,
      "Error: span<int> with dynamic extent should not be constructible "
      "const from l-value reference to std::array<const int>");

  static_assert(
      !std::is_constructible<span<int, 2>, std::array<int, 3>&>::value,
      "Error: span<int> with static extent should not be constructible "
      "from l-value reference to std::array<int> with different extent");

  static_assert(
      !std::is_constructible<span<int, 4>, std::array<int, 3>&>::value,
      "Error: span<int> with dynamic extent should not be constructible "
      "from l-value reference to std::array<int> with different extent");

  static_assert(
      !std::is_constructible<span<int>, std::array<bool, 3>&>::value,
      "Error: span<int> with dynamic extent should not be constructible "
      "from l-value reference to std::array<bool>");
}

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromConstexprArray) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};

  constexpr span<const int> dynamic_span(kArray);
  static_assert(kArray == dynamic_span.data(), "");
  static_assert(std::size(kArray) == dynamic_span.size(), "");

  static_assert(kArray[0] == dynamic_span[0], "");
  static_assert(kArray[1] == dynamic_span[1], "");
  static_assert(kArray[2] == dynamic_span[2], "");
  static_assert(kArray[3] == dynamic_span[3], "");
  static_assert(kArray[4] == dynamic_span[4], "");

  constexpr span<const int, std::size(kArray)> static_span(kArray);
  static_assert(kArray == static_span.data(), "");
  static_assert(std::size(kArray) == static_span.size(), "");

  static_assert(kArray[0] == static_span[0], "");
  static_assert(kArray[1] == static_span[1], "");
  static_assert(kArray[2] == static_span[2], "");
  static_assert(kArray[3] == static_span[3], "");
  static_assert(kArray[4] == static_span[4], "");
}

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromArray) {
  int array[] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};

  span<const int> const_span(array);
  EXPECT_EQ(array, const_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(std::size(array), const_span.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < const_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], const_span[i]);

  span<int> dynamic_span(array);
  EXPECT_EQ(array, dynamic_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(std::size(array), dynamic_span.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < dynamic_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], dynamic_span[i]);

  span<int, std::size(array)> static_span(array);
  EXPECT_EQ(array, static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(std::size(array), static_span.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], static_span[i]);
}

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromStdArray) {
  // Note: Constructing a constexpr span from a constexpr std::array does not
  // work prior to C++17 due to non-constexpr std::array::data.
  std::array<int, 5> array = {{5, 4, 3, 2, 1}};

  span<const int> const_span(array);
  EXPECT_EQ(array.data(), const_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(array.size(), const_span.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < const_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], const_span[i]);

  span<int> dynamic_span(array);
  EXPECT_EQ(array.data(), dynamic_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(array.size(), dynamic_span.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < dynamic_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], dynamic_span[i]);

  span<int, std::size(array)> static_span(array);
  EXPECT_EQ(array.data(), static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(array.size(), static_span.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], static_span[i]);
}

#if PW_CXX_STANDARD_IS_SUPPORTED(17)

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromInitializerList) {
  std::initializer_list<int> il = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

  span<const int> const_span(il);
  EXPECT_EQ(il.begin(), const_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(il.size(), const_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < const_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(il.begin()[i], const_span[i]);

  span<const int, 6> static_span(il.begin(), il.end());
  EXPECT_EQ(il.begin(), static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(il.size(), static_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(il.begin()[i], static_span[i]);
}

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromStdString) {
  std::string str = "foobar";

  span<const char> const_span(str);
  EXPECT_EQ(str.data(), const_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(str.size(), const_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < const_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(str[i], const_span[i]);

  span<char> dynamic_span(str);
  EXPECT_EQ(str.data(), dynamic_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(str.size(), dynamic_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < dynamic_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(str[i], dynamic_span[i]);

  span<char, 6> static_span(data(str), str.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(str.data(), static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(str.size(), static_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(str[i], static_span[i]);
}

#endif  // PW_CXX_STANDARD_IS_SUPPORTED(17)

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromConstContainer) {
  const std::vector<int> vector = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

  span<const int> const_span(vector);
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), const_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size(), const_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < const_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], const_span[i]);

  span<const int, 6> static_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size(), static_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], static_span[i]);
}

TEST(SpanTest, ConstructFromContainer) {
  std::vector<int> vector = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

  span<const int> const_span(vector);
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), const_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size(), const_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < const_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], const_span[i]);

  span<int> dynamic_span(vector);
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), dynamic_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size(), dynamic_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < dynamic_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], dynamic_span[i]);

  span<int, 6> static_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.data(), static_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(vector.size(), static_span.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(vector[i], static_span[i]);
}

#if 0

// Pigweed: gMock matchers are not yet supported.
TEST(SpanTest, ConvertNonConstIntegralToConst) {
  std::vector<int> vector = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

  span<int> int_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  span<const int> const_span(int_span);
  EXPECT_EQ(int_span.size(), const_span.size());

  EXPECT_THAT(const_span, Pointwise(Eq(), int_span));

  span<int, 6> static_int_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  span<const int, 6> static_const_span(static_int_span);
  EXPECT_THAT(static_const_span, Pointwise(Eq(), static_int_span));
}

// Pigweed: gMock matchers are not yet supported.
TEST(SpanTest, ConvertNonConstPointerToConst) {
  auto a = std::make_unique<int>(11);
  auto b = std::make_unique<int>(22);
  auto c = std::make_unique<int>(33);
  std::vector<int*> vector = {a.get(), b.get(), c.get()};

  span<int*> non_const_pointer_span(vector);
  EXPECT_THAT(non_const_pointer_span, Pointwise(Eq(), vector));
  span<int* const> const_pointer_span(non_const_pointer_span);
  EXPECT_THAT(const_pointer_span, Pointwise(Eq(), non_const_pointer_span));
  // Note: no test for conversion from span<int> to span<const int*>, since that
  // would imply a conversion from int** to const int**, which is unsafe.
  //
  // Note: no test for conversion from span<int*> to span<const int* const>,
  // due to CWG Defect 330:
  // http://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/cwg_defects.html#330

  span<int*, 3> static_non_const_pointer_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  EXPECT_THAT(static_non_const_pointer_span, Pointwise(Eq(), vector));
  span<int* const, 3> static_const_pointer_span(static_non_const_pointer_span);
  EXPECT_THAT(static_const_pointer_span,
              Pointwise(Eq(), static_non_const_pointer_span));
}

// Pigweed: This test does not work on platforms where int32_t is long int.
TEST(SpanTest, ConvertBetweenEquivalentTypes) {
  std::vector<int32_t> vector = {2, 4, 8, 16, 32};

  span<int32_t> int32_t_span(vector);
  span<int> converted_span(int32_t_span);
  EXPECT_EQ(int32_t_span.data(), converted_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(int32_t_span.size(), converted_span.size());

  span<int32_t, 5> static_int32_t_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  span<int, 5> static_converted_span(static_int32_t_span);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_int32_t_span.data(), static_converted_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(static_int32_t_span.size(), static_converted_span.size());
}

#endif  // 0

TEST(SpanTest, TemplatedFirst) {
  static constexpr int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  constexpr span<const int, 3> span(array);

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.first<0>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(subspan.empty(), "");
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.first<1>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(1u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.first<2>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(2u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[1], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.first<3>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(3u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[1], "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[2], "");
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, TemplatedLast) {
  static constexpr int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  constexpr span<const int, 3> span(array);

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.last<0>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 3 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(subspan.empty(), "");
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.last<1>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 2 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(1u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[0], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.last<2>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 1 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(2u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[1], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.last<3>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(3u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[1], "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[2], "");
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, TemplatedSubspan) {
  static constexpr int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  constexpr span<const int, 3> span(array);

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<0>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(3u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[1], "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[2], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<1>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 1 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(2u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[1], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<2>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 2 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(1u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[0], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<3>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 3 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(subspan.empty(), "");
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 0>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(subspan.empty(), "");
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<1, 0>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 1 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(subspan.empty(), "");
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<2, 0>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 2 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(subspan.empty(), "");
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 1>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(1u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<1, 1>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 1 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(1u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[0], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<2, 1>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 2 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(1u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[0], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 2>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(2u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[1], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<1, 2>();
    static_assert(span.data() + 1 == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(2u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[1], "");
  }

  {
    constexpr auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 3>();
    static_assert(span.data() == subspan.data(), "");
    static_assert(3u == subspan.size(), "");
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    static_assert(1 == subspan[0], "");
    static_assert(2 == subspan[1], "");
    static_assert(3 == subspan[2], "");
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, SubscriptedBeginIterator) {
  int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  span<const int> const_span(array);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < const_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], const_span.begin()[i]);

  span<int> mutable_span(array);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < mutable_span.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(array[i], mutable_span.begin()[i]);
}

TEST(SpanTest, TemplatedFirstOnDynamicSpan) {
  int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  span<const int> span(array);

  {
    auto subspan = span.first<0>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.first<1>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.first<2>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.first<3>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, TemplatedLastOnDynamicSpan) {
  int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  span<int> span(array);

  {
    auto subspan = span.last<0>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 3, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.last<1>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.last<2>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.last<3>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, TemplatedSubspanFromDynamicSpan) {
  int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  span<int, 3> span(array);

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<0>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<1>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<2>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<3>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 3, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 0>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<1, 0>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<2, 0>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(0u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 1>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<1, 1>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<2, 1>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(1u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 2>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<1, 2>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(2u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan<0, 3>();
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, subspan.size());
    static_assert(3u == decltype(subspan)::extent, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, First) {
  int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  span<int> span(array);

  {
    auto subspan = span.first(0);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.first(1);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.first(2);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.first(3);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, Last) {
  int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  span<int> span(array);

  {
    auto subspan = span.last(0);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 3, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.last(1);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.last(2);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.last(3);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, Subspan) {
  int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
  span<int> span(array);

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(0);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(1);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(2);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(3);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 3, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(0, 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(1, 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(2, 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, subspan.size());
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(0, 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(1, 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(2, 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 2, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[0]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(0, 2);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(1, 2);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data() + 1, subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[1]);
  }

  {
    auto subspan = span.subspan(0, 3);
    EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), subspan.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(span.size(), subspan.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(1, subspan[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, subspan[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(3, subspan[2]);
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, Size) {
  {
    span<int> span;
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, span.size());
  }

  {
    int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
    span<int> span(array);
    EXPECT_EQ(3u, span.size());
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, SizeBytes) {
  {
    span<int> span;
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, span.size_bytes());
  }

  {
    int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
    span<int> span(array);
    EXPECT_EQ(3u * sizeof(int), span.size_bytes());
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, Empty) {
  {
    span<int> span;
    EXPECT_TRUE(span.empty());
  }

  {
    int array[] = {1, 2, 3};
    span<int> span(array);
    EXPECT_FALSE(span.empty());
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, OperatorAt) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 6, 1, 8, 0};
  constexpr span<const int> span(kArray);

  static_assert(&kArray[0] == &span[0],
                "span[0] does not refer to the same element as kArray[0]");
  static_assert(&kArray[1] == &span[1],
                "span[1] does not refer to the same element as kArray[1]");
  static_assert(&kArray[2] == &span[2],
                "span[2] does not refer to the same element as kArray[2]");
  static_assert(&kArray[3] == &span[3],
                "span[3] does not refer to the same element as kArray[3]");
  static_assert(&kArray[4] == &span[4],
                "span[4] does not refer to the same element as kArray[4]");
}

TEST(SpanTest, Front) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 6, 1, 8, 0};
  constexpr span<const int> span(kArray);
  static_assert(&kArray[0] == &span.front(),
                "span.front() does not refer to the same element as kArray[0]");
}

TEST(SpanTest, Back) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 6, 1, 8, 0};
  constexpr span<const int> span(kArray);
  static_assert(&kArray[4] == &span.back(),
                "span.back() does not refer to the same element as kArray[4]");
}

// Pigweed: This test uses gMock features not yet supported in Pigweed.
#if 0
TEST(SpanTest, Iterator) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 6, 1, 8, 0};
  constexpr span<const int> span(kArray);

  std::vector<int> results;
  for (int i : span)
    results.emplace_back(i);
  EXPECT_THAT(results, ElementsAre(1, 6, 1, 8, 0));
}
#endif  // 0

TEST(SpanTest, ConstexprIterator) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 6, 1, 8, 0};
  constexpr span<const int> span(kArray);

  static_assert(
      constexpr_equal(
          std::begin(kArray), std::end(kArray), span.begin(), span.end()),
      "");
  static_assert(1 == span.begin()[0], "");
  // Pigweed: These tests assume an iterator object, but Pigweed's span uses a
  //          simple pointer.
#if 0
  static_assert(1 == *(span.begin() += 0), "");
  static_assert(6 == *(span.begin() += 1), "");

  static_assert(1 == *((span.begin() + 1) -= 1), "");
  static_assert(6 == *((span.begin() + 1) -= 0), "");
#endif  // 0
}

TEST(SpanTest, ReverseIterator) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 6, 1, 8, 0};
  constexpr span<const int> span(kArray);

  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(
      std::rbegin(kArray), std::rend(kArray), span.rbegin(), span.rend()));
  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(std::crbegin(kArray),
                         std::crend(kArray),
                         std::crbegin(span),
                         std::crend(span)));
}

// Pigweed: These are tests for make_span, which is not included in Pigweed's
//          implementation, since class template deduction is available.
#if 0
TEST(SpanTest, AsBytes) {
  {
    constexpr int kArray[] = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13};
    span<const uint8_t, sizeof(kArray)> bytes_span =
        as_bytes(make_span(kArray));
    EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(kArray), bytes_span.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(kArray), bytes_span.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(bytes_span.size(), bytes_span.size_bytes());
  }

  {
    std::vector<int> vec = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
    span<int> mutable_span(vec);
    span<const uint8_t> bytes_span = as_bytes(mutable_span);
    EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(vec.data()), bytes_span.data());
    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int) * vec.size(), bytes_span.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(bytes_span.size(), bytes_span.size_bytes());
  }
}

TEST(SpanTest, AsWritableBytes) {
  std::vector<int> vec = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
  span<int> mutable_span(vec);
  span<uint8_t> writable_bytes_span = as_writable_bytes(mutable_span);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(vec.data()), writable_bytes_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int) * vec.size(), writable_bytes_span.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(writable_bytes_span.size(), writable_bytes_span.size_bytes());

  // Set the first entry of vec to zero while writing through the span.
  std::fill(writable_bytes_span.data(),
            writable_bytes_span.data() + sizeof(int), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(0, vec[0]);
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromDataAndSize) {
  int* nullint = nullptr;
  auto empty_span = make_span(nullint, 0);
  EXPECT_TRUE(empty_span.empty());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, empty_span.data());

  std::vector<int> vector = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
  span<int> expected_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  auto made_span = make_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == dynamic_extent, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromPointerPair) {
  int* nullint = nullptr;
  auto empty_span = make_span(nullint, nullint);
  EXPECT_TRUE(empty_span.empty());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, empty_span.data());

  std::vector<int> vector = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
  span<int> expected_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  auto made_span = make_span(vector.data(), vector.data() + vector.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == dynamic_extent, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromConstexprArray) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  constexpr span<const int, 5> expected_span(kArray);
  constexpr auto made_span = make_span(kArray);
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == 5, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromStdArray) {
  const std::array<int, 5> kArray = {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}};
  span<const int, 5> expected_span(kArray);
  auto made_span = make_span(kArray);
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == 5, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromConstContainer) {
  const std::vector<int> vector = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5};
  span<const int> expected_span(vector);
  auto made_span = make_span(vector);
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == dynamic_extent, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeStaticSpanFromConstContainer) {
  const std::vector<int> vector = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5};
  span<const int, 5> expected_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  auto made_span = make_span<5>(vector);
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == 5, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromContainer) {
  std::vector<int> vector = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5};
  span<int> expected_span(vector);
  auto made_span = make_span(vector);
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == dynamic_extent, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeStaticSpanFromContainer) {
  std::vector<int> vector = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5};
  span<int, 5> expected_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  auto made_span = make_span<5>(vector);
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), make_span<5>(vector).data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), make_span<5>(vector).size());
  static_assert(decltype(make_span<5>(vector))::extent == 5, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeStaticSpanFromConstexprContainer) {
  constexpr StringPiece str = "Hello, World";
  constexpr auto made_span = make_span<12>(str);
  static_assert(str.data() == made_span.data(), "Error: data() does not match");
  static_assert(str.size() == made_span.size(), "Error: size() does not match");
  static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(str)::value_type,
                             decltype(made_span)::value_type>::value,
                "Error: value_type does not match");
  static_assert(str.size() == decltype(made_span)::extent,
                "Error: extent does not match");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromRValueContainer) {
  std::vector<int> vector = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5};
  span<const int> expected_span(vector);
  // Note: While static_cast<T&&>(foo) is effectively just a fancy spelling of
  // std::move(foo), make_span does not actually take ownership of the passed in
  // container. Writing it this way makes it more obvious that we simply care
  // about the right behavour when passing rvalues.
  auto made_span = make_span(static_cast<std::vector<int>&&>(vector));
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == dynamic_extent, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeStaticSpanFromRValueContainer) {
  std::vector<int> vector = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5};
  span<const int, 5> expected_span(vector.data(), vector.size());
  // Note: While static_cast<T&&>(foo) is effectively just a fancy spelling of
  // std::move(foo), make_span does not actually take ownership of the passed in
  // container. Writing it this way makes it more obvious that we simply care
  // about the right behavour when passing rvalues.
  auto made_span = make_span<5>(static_cast<std::vector<int>&&>(vector));
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.data(), made_span.data());
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_span.size(), made_span.size());
  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == 5, "");
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromDynamicSpan) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  constexpr span<const int> expected_span(kArray);
  constexpr auto made_span = make_span(expected_span);
  static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(expected_span)::element_type,
                             decltype(made_span)::element_type>::value,
                "make_span(span) should have the same element_type as span");

  static_assert(expected_span.data() == made_span.data(),
                "make_span(span) should have the same data() as span");

  static_assert(expected_span.size() == made_span.size(),
                "make_span(span) should have the same size() as span");

  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == decltype(expected_span)::extent,
                "make_span(span) should have the same extent as span");

  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}

TEST(SpanTest, MakeSpanFromStaticSpan) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  constexpr span<const int, 5> expected_span(kArray);
  constexpr auto made_span = make_span(expected_span);
  static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(expected_span)::element_type,
                             decltype(made_span)::element_type>::value,
                "make_span(span) should have the same element_type as span");

  static_assert(expected_span.data() == made_span.data(),
                "make_span(span) should have the same data() as span");

  static_assert(expected_span.size() == made_span.size(),
                "make_span(span) should have the same size() as span");

  static_assert(decltype(made_span)::extent == decltype(expected_span)::extent,
                "make_span(span) should have the same extent as span");

  static_assert(
      std::is_same<decltype(expected_span), decltype(made_span)>::value,
      "the type of made_span differs from expected_span!");
}
#endif  // 0

TEST(SpanTest, EnsureConstexprGoodness) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
  constexpr span<const int> constexpr_span(kArray);
  const size_t size = 2;

  const size_t start = 1;
  constexpr span<const int> subspan =
      constexpr_span.subspan(start, start + size);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < subspan.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(kArray[start + i], subspan[i]);

  constexpr span<const int> firsts = constexpr_span.first(size);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < firsts.size(); ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(kArray[i], firsts[i]);

  constexpr span<const int> lasts = constexpr_span.last(size);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < lasts.size(); ++i) {
    const size_t j = (std::size(kArray) - size) + i;
    EXPECT_EQ(kArray[j], lasts[i]);
  }

  constexpr int item = constexpr_span[size];
  EXPECT_EQ(kArray[size], item);
}

#if 0

// Pigweed: Death tests are not yet supported.
TEST(SpanTest, OutOfBoundsDeath) {
  constexpr span<int, 0> kEmptySpan;
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptySpan[0], "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptySpan.first(1), "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptySpan.last(1), "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptySpan.subspan(1), "");

  constexpr span<int> kEmptyDynamicSpan;
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptyDynamicSpan[0], "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptyDynamicSpan.front(), "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptyDynamicSpan.first(1), "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptyDynamicSpan.last(1), "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptyDynamicSpan.back(), "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kEmptyDynamicSpan.subspan(1), "");

  static constexpr int kArray[] = {0, 1, 2};
  constexpr span<const int> kNonEmptyDynamicSpan(kArray);
  EXPECT_EQ(3U, kNonEmptyDynamicSpan.size());
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kNonEmptyDynamicSpan[4], "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kNonEmptyDynamicSpan.subspan(10), "");
  ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(kNonEmptyDynamicSpan.subspan(1, 7), "");
}

// Pigweed: These tests use CheckedContiguousConstIterator, which isn't used in
//          Pigweed's version.
TEST(SpanTest, IteratorIsRangeMoveSafe) {
  static constexpr int kArray[] = {1, 6, 1, 8, 0};
  const size_t kNumElements = 5;
  constexpr span<const int> span(kArray);

  static constexpr int kOverlappingStartIndexes[] = {-4, 0, 3, 4};
  static constexpr int kNonOverlappingStartIndexes[] = {-7, -5, 5, 7};

  // Overlapping ranges.
  for (const int dest_start_index : kOverlappingStartIndexes) {
    EXPECT_FALSE(CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
        span.begin(), span.end(),
        CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>(
            span.data() + dest_start_index,
            span.data() + dest_start_index + kNumElements)));
    EXPECT_FALSE(CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
        std::cbegin(span), std::cend(span),
        CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>(
            span.data() + dest_start_index,
            span.data() + dest_start_index + kNumElements)));
  }

  // Non-overlapping ranges.
  for (const int dest_start_index : kNonOverlappingStartIndexes) {
    EXPECT_TRUE(CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
        span.begin(), span.end(),
        CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>(
            span.data() + dest_start_index,
            span.data() + dest_start_index + kNumElements)));
    EXPECT_TRUE(CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
        std::cbegin(span), std::cend(span),
        CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>(
            span.data() + dest_start_index,
            span.data() + dest_start_index + kNumElements)));
  }

  // IsRangeMoveSafe is true if the length to be moved is 0.
  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
      span.begin(), span.begin(),
      CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>(span.data(), span.data())));
  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
      std::cbegin(span), std::cbegin(span),
      CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>(span.data(), span.data())));

  // IsRangeMoveSafe is false if end < begin.
  EXPECT_FALSE(CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
      span.end(), span.begin(),
      CheckedContiguousIterator<const int>(span.data(), span.data())));
  EXPECT_FALSE(CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>::IsRangeMoveSafe(
      std::cend(span), std::cbegin(span),
      CheckedContiguousConstIterator<const int>(span.data(), span.data())));
}

// Pigweed: gMock matchers are not yet supported.
TEST(SpanTest, Sort) {
  int array[] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};

  span<int> dynamic_span = array;
  std::sort(dynamic_span.begin(), dynamic_span.end());
  EXPECT_THAT(array, ElementsAre(1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
  std::sort(dynamic_span.rbegin(), dynamic_span.rend());
  EXPECT_THAT(array, ElementsAre(5, 4, 3, 2, 1));

  span<int, 5> static_span = array;
  std::sort(static_span.rbegin(), static_span.rend(), std::greater<>());
  EXPECT_THAT(array, ElementsAre(1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
  std::sort(static_span.begin(), static_span.end(), std::greater<>());
  EXPECT_THAT(array, ElementsAre(5, 4, 3, 2, 1));
}
#endif  // 0

TEST(SpanTest, SpanExtentConversions) {
  // Statically checks that various conversions between spans of dynamic and
  // static extent are possible or not.

  // This test fails with the real C++20 std::span, so skip it.
  // static_assert(
  //     !std::is_constructible<span<int, 0>, span<int>>::value,
  //     "Error: static span should not be constructible from dynamic span");

  static_assert(!std::is_constructible<span<int, 2>, span<int, 1>>::value,
                "Error: static span should not be constructible from static "
                "span with different extent");

  static_assert(std::is_convertible<span<int, 0>, span<int>>::value,
                "Error: static span should be convertible to dynamic span");

  static_assert(std::is_convertible<span<int>, span<int>>::value,
                "Error: dynamic span should be convertible to dynamic span");

  static_assert(std::is_convertible<span<int, 2>, span<int, 2>>::value,
                "Error: static span should be convertible to static span");
}

TEST(SpanTest, IteratorConversions) {
  static_assert(std::is_convertible<span<int>::iterator,
                                    span<const int>::iterator>::value,
                "Error: iterator should be convertible to const iterator");

  static_assert(!std::is_convertible<span<const int>::iterator,
                                     span<int>::iterator>::value,
                "Error: const iterator should not be convertible to iterator");
}

// NOLINTEND(modernize-unary-static-assert)

}  // namespace pw