xref: /btstack/src/ble/att_server.c (revision c37cd8f3d1350b92a2f66c31b2a5fcd75f8c91a4)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2014 BlueKitchen GmbH
3  *
4  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6  * are met:
7  *
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of
14  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
15  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
16  * 4. Any redistribution, use, or modification is done solely for
17  *    personal benefit and not for any commercial purpose or for
18  *    monetary gain.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY BLUEKITCHEN GMBH AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
23  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MATTHIAS
24  * RINGWALD OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
27  * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
30  * THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  * Please inquire about commercial licensing options at
34  * [email protected]
35  *
36  */
37 
38 #define __BTSTACK_FILE__ "att_server.c"
39 
40 
41 //
42 // ATT Server Globals
43 //
44 
45 #include <stdint.h>
46 #include <stdio.h>
47 #include <stdlib.h>
48 #include <string.h>
49 #include <inttypes.h>
50 
51 #include "btstack_config.h"
52 
53 #include "att_dispatch.h"
54 #include "ble/att_db.h"
55 #include "ble/att_server.h"
56 #include "ble/core.h"
57 #include "ble/le_device_db.h"
58 #include "ble/sm.h"
59 #include "btstack_debug.h"
60 #include "btstack_event.h"
61 #include "btstack_memory.h"
62 #include "btstack_run_loop.h"
63 #include "gap.h"
64 #include "hci.h"
65 #include "hci_dump.h"
66 #include "l2cap.h"
67 #include "btstack_tlv.h"
68 
69 #ifndef NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC
70 #define NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC 20
71 #endif
72 
73 static void att_run_for_context(att_server_t * att_server);
74 static att_write_callback_t att_server_write_callback_for_handle(uint16_t handle);
75 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_restore(att_server_t * att_server);
76 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_clear(att_server_t * att_server);
77 
78 //
79 typedef struct {
80     uint32_t seq_nr;
81     uint16_t att_handle;
82     uint8_t  value;
83     uint8_t  device_index;
84 } persistent_ccc_entry_t;
85 
86 // global
87 static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t hci_event_callback_registration;
88 static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t sm_event_callback_registration;
89 static btstack_packet_handler_t               att_client_packet_handler = NULL;
90 static btstack_linked_list_t                  can_send_now_clients;
91 static btstack_linked_list_t                  service_handlers;
92 static uint8_t                                att_client_waiting_for_can_send;
93 
94 static att_read_callback_t                    att_server_client_read_callback;
95 static att_write_callback_t                   att_server_client_write_callback;
96 
97 // track CCC 1-entry cache
98 // static att_server_t *    att_persistent_ccc_server;
99 // static hci_con_handle_t  att_persistent_ccc_con_handle;
100 
101 static att_server_t * att_server_for_handle(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
102     hci_connection_t * hci_connection = hci_connection_for_handle(con_handle);
103     if (!hci_connection) return NULL;
104     return &hci_connection->att_server;
105 }
106 
107 #ifdef ENABLE_LE_SIGNED_WRITE
108 static att_server_t * att_server_for_state(att_server_state_t state){
109     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
110     hci_connections_get_iterator(&it);
111     while(btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
112         hci_connection_t * connection = (hci_connection_t *) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
113         att_server_t * att_server = &connection->att_server;
114         if (att_server->state == state) return att_server;
115     }
116     return NULL;
117 }
118 #endif
119 
120 static void att_handle_value_indication_notify_client(uint8_t status, uint16_t client_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle){
121     if (!att_client_packet_handler) return;
122 
123     uint8_t event[7];
124     int pos = 0;
125     event[pos++] = ATT_EVENT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION_COMPLETE;
126     event[pos++] = sizeof(event) - 2;
127     event[pos++] = status;
128     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, client_handle);
129     pos += 2;
130     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, attribute_handle);
131     (*att_client_packet_handler)(HCI_EVENT_PACKET, 0, &event[0], sizeof(event));
132 }
133 
134 static void att_emit_mtu_event(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t mtu){
135     if (!att_client_packet_handler) return;
136 
137     uint8_t event[6];
138     int pos = 0;
139     event[pos++] = ATT_EVENT_MTU_EXCHANGE_COMPLETE;
140     event[pos++] = sizeof(event) - 2;
141     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, con_handle);
142     pos += 2;
143     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, mtu);
144     (*att_client_packet_handler)(HCI_EVENT_PACKET, 0, &event[0], sizeof(event));
145 }
146 
147 static void att_emit_can_send_now_event(void){
148     if (!att_client_packet_handler) return;
149 
150     uint8_t event[] = { ATT_EVENT_CAN_SEND_NOW, 0};
151     (*att_client_packet_handler)(HCI_EVENT_PACKET, 0, &event[0], sizeof(event));
152 }
153 
154 static void att_handle_value_indication_timeout(btstack_timer_source_t *ts){
155     void * context = btstack_run_loop_get_timer_context(ts);
156     hci_con_handle_t con_handle = (hci_con_handle_t) (uintptr_t) context;
157     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
158     if (!att_server) return;
159     uint16_t att_handle = att_server->value_indication_handle;
160     att_handle_value_indication_notify_client(ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION_TIMEOUT, att_server->connection.con_handle, att_handle);
161 }
162 
163 static void att_device_identified(att_server_t * att_server, uint8_t index){
164     att_server->ir_lookup_active = 0;
165     att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = index;
166     log_info("Remote device with conn 0%04x registered with index id %u", (int) att_server->connection.con_handle, att_server->ir_le_device_db_index);
167     att_run_for_context(att_server);
168 }
169 
170 static void att_event_packet_handler (uint8_t packet_type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size){
171 
172     UNUSED(channel); // ok: there is no channel
173     UNUSED(size);    // ok: handling own l2cap events
174 
175     att_server_t * att_server;
176     hci_con_handle_t con_handle;
177 
178     switch (packet_type) {
179 
180         case HCI_EVENT_PACKET:
181             switch (hci_event_packet_get_type(packet)) {
182 
183                 case HCI_EVENT_LE_META:
184                     switch (packet[2]) {
185                         case HCI_SUBEVENT_LE_CONNECTION_COMPLETE:
186                             con_handle = little_endian_read_16(packet, 4);
187                             att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
188                             if (!att_server) break;
189                         	// store connection info
190                         	att_server->peer_addr_type = packet[7];
191                             reverse_bd_addr(&packet[8], att_server->peer_address);
192                             att_server->connection.con_handle = con_handle;
193                             // reset connection properties
194                             att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
195                             att_server->connection.mtu = ATT_DEFAULT_MTU;
196                             att_server->connection.max_mtu = l2cap_max_le_mtu();
197                             if (att_server->connection.max_mtu > ATT_REQUEST_BUFFER_SIZE){
198                                 att_server->connection.max_mtu = ATT_REQUEST_BUFFER_SIZE;
199                             }
200                             att_server->connection.encryption_key_size = 0;
201                             att_server->connection.authenticated = 0;
202 		                	att_server->connection.authorized = 0;
203                             // workaround: identity resolving can already be complete, at least store result
204                             att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = sm_le_device_index(con_handle);
205                             att_server->pairing_active = 0;
206                             break;
207 
208                         default:
209                             break;
210                     }
211                     break;
212 
213                 case HCI_EVENT_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE:
214                 case HCI_EVENT_ENCRYPTION_KEY_REFRESH_COMPLETE:
215                 	// check handle
216                     con_handle = little_endian_read_16(packet, 3);
217                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
218                     if (!att_server) break;
219                 	att_server->connection.encryption_key_size = sm_encryption_key_size(con_handle);
220                 	att_server->connection.authenticated = sm_authenticated(con_handle);
221                     if (hci_event_packet_get_type(packet) == HCI_EVENT_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE){
222                         // restore CCC values when encrypted
223                         if (hci_event_encryption_change_get_encryption_enabled(packet)){
224                             att_server_persistent_ccc_restore(att_server);
225                         }
226                     }
227                 	break;
228 
229                 case HCI_EVENT_DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE:
230                     // check handle
231                     con_handle = hci_event_disconnection_complete_get_connection_handle(packet);
232                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
233                     if (!att_server) break;
234                     att_clear_transaction_queue(&att_server->connection);
235                     att_server->connection.con_handle = 0;
236                     att_server->value_indication_handle = 0; // reset error state
237                     att_server->pairing_active = 0;
238                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
239                     break;
240 
241                 // Identity Resolving
242                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_STARTED:
243                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_resolving_started_get_handle(packet);
244                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
245                     if (!att_server) break;
246                     log_info("SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_STARTED");
247                     att_server->ir_lookup_active = 1;
248                     break;
249                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_SUCCEEDED:
250                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_created_get_handle(packet);
251                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
252                     if (!att_server) return;
253                     att_device_identified(att_server, sm_event_identity_resolving_succeeded_get_index(packet));
254                     break;
255                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_FAILED:
256                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_resolving_failed_get_handle(packet);
257                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
258                     if (!att_server) break;
259                     log_info("SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_FAILED");
260                     att_server->ir_lookup_active = 0;
261                     att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = -1;
262                     att_run_for_context(att_server);
263                     break;
264 
265                 // Pairing started - delete stored CCC values
266                 // - assumes pairing indicates either new device or re-pairing, in both cases there should be no stored CCC values
267                 // - assumes that all events have the con handle as the first field
268                 case SM_EVENT_JUST_WORKS_REQUEST:
269                 case SM_EVENT_PASSKEY_DISPLAY_NUMBER:
270                 case SM_EVENT_PASSKEY_INPUT_NUMBER:
271                 case SM_EVENT_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST:
272                     con_handle = sm_event_just_works_request_get_handle(packet);
273                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
274                     if (!att_server) break;
275                     att_server->pairing_active = 1;
276                     log_info("SM Pairing started");
277                     if (att_server->ir_le_device_db_index < 0) break;
278                     att_server_persistent_ccc_clear(att_server);
279                     // index not valid anymore
280                     att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = -1;
281                     break;
282 
283                 // Pairing completed
284                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_CREATED:
285                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_created_get_handle(packet);
286                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
287                     if (!att_server) return;
288                     att_server->pairing_active = 0;
289                     att_device_identified(att_server, sm_event_identity_created_get_index(packet));
290                     break;
291 
292                 // Authorization
293                 case SM_EVENT_AUTHORIZATION_RESULT: {
294                     con_handle = sm_event_authorization_result_get_handle(packet);
295                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
296                     if (!att_server) break;
297                     att_server->connection.authorized = sm_event_authorization_result_get_authorization_result(packet);
298                     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
299                 	break;
300                 }
301                 default:
302                     break;
303             }
304             break;
305         default:
306             break;
307     }
308 }
309 
310 #ifdef ENABLE_LE_SIGNED_WRITE
311 static void att_signed_write_handle_cmac_result(uint8_t hash[8]){
312 
313     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_state(ATT_SERVER_W4_SIGNED_WRITE_VALIDATION);
314     if (!att_server) return;
315 
316     uint8_t hash_flipped[8];
317     reverse_64(hash, hash_flipped);
318     if (memcmp(hash_flipped, &att_server->request_buffer[att_server->request_size-8], 8)){
319         log_info("ATT Signed Write, invalid signature");
320         att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
321         return;
322     }
323     log_info("ATT Signed Write, valid signature");
324 
325     // update sequence number
326     uint32_t counter_packet = little_endian_read_32(att_server->request_buffer, att_server->request_size-12);
327     le_device_db_remote_counter_set(att_server->ir_le_device_db_index, counter_packet+1);
328     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED;
329     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
330 }
331 #endif
332 
333 // pre: att_server->state == ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED
334 // pre: can send now
335 // returns: 1 if packet was sent
336 static int att_server_process_validated_request(att_server_t * att_server){
337 
338     l2cap_reserve_packet_buffer();
339     uint8_t * att_response_buffer = l2cap_get_outgoing_buffer();
340     uint16_t  att_response_size   = att_handle_request(&att_server->connection, att_server->request_buffer, att_server->request_size, att_response_buffer);
341 
342     // intercept "insufficient authorization" for authenticated connections to allow for user authorization
343     if ((att_response_size     >= 4)
344     && (att_response_buffer[0] == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE)
345     && (att_response_buffer[4] == ATT_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHORIZATION)
346     && (att_server->connection.authenticated)){
347 
348         switch (sm_authorization_state(att_server->connection.con_handle)){
349             case AUTHORIZATION_UNKNOWN:
350                 l2cap_release_packet_buffer();
351                 sm_request_pairing(att_server->connection.con_handle);
352                 return 0;
353             case AUTHORIZATION_PENDING:
354                 l2cap_release_packet_buffer();
355                 return 0;
356             default:
357                 break;
358         }
359     }
360 
361     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
362     if (att_response_size == 0) {
363         l2cap_release_packet_buffer();
364         return 0;
365     }
366 
367     l2cap_send_prepared_connectionless(att_server->connection.con_handle, L2CAP_CID_ATTRIBUTE_PROTOCOL, att_response_size);
368 
369     // notify client about MTU exchange result
370     if (att_response_buffer[0] == ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE){
371         att_emit_mtu_event(att_server->connection.con_handle, att_server->connection.mtu);
372     }
373     return 1;
374 }
375 
376 static void att_run_for_context(att_server_t * att_server){
377     switch (att_server->state){
378         case ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED:
379 
380             // wait until pairing is complete
381             if (att_server->pairing_active) break;
382 
383 #ifdef ENABLE_LE_SIGNED_WRITE
384             if (att_server->request_buffer[0] == ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND){
385                 log_info("ATT Signed Write!");
386                 if (!sm_cmac_ready()) {
387                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, sm_cmac engine not ready. Abort");
388                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
389                     return;
390                 }
391                 if (att_server->request_size < (3 + 12)) {
392                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, request to short. Abort.");
393                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
394                     return;
395                 }
396                 if (att_server->ir_lookup_active){
397                     return;
398                 }
399                 if (att_server->ir_le_device_db_index < 0){
400                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, CSRK not available");
401                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
402                     return;
403                 }
404 
405                 // check counter
406                 uint32_t counter_packet = little_endian_read_32(att_server->request_buffer, att_server->request_size-12);
407                 uint32_t counter_db     = le_device_db_remote_counter_get(att_server->ir_le_device_db_index);
408                 log_info("ATT Signed Write, DB counter %"PRIu32", packet counter %"PRIu32, counter_db, counter_packet);
409                 if (counter_packet < counter_db){
410                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, db reports higher counter, abort");
411                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
412                     return;
413                 }
414 
415                 // signature is { sequence counter, secure hash }
416                 sm_key_t csrk;
417                 le_device_db_remote_csrk_get(att_server->ir_le_device_db_index, csrk);
418                 att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_W4_SIGNED_WRITE_VALIDATION;
419                 log_info("Orig Signature: ");
420                 log_info_hexdump( &att_server->request_buffer[att_server->request_size-8], 8);
421                 uint16_t attribute_handle = little_endian_read_16(att_server->request_buffer, 1);
422                 sm_cmac_signed_write_start(csrk, att_server->request_buffer[0], attribute_handle, att_server->request_size - 15, &att_server->request_buffer[3], counter_packet, att_signed_write_handle_cmac_result);
423                 return;
424             }
425 #endif
426             // move on
427             att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED;
428             att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
429             break;
430 
431         default:
432             break;
433     }
434 }
435 
436 static void att_server_handle_can_send_now(void){
437 
438     // NOTE: we get l2cap fixed channel instead of con_handle
439 
440     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
441     hci_connections_get_iterator(&it);
442     while(btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
443         hci_connection_t * connection = (hci_connection_t *) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
444         att_server_t * att_server = &connection->att_server;
445         if (att_server->state == ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED){
446             int sent = att_server_process_validated_request(att_server);
447             if (sent && (att_client_waiting_for_can_send || !btstack_linked_list_empty(&can_send_now_clients))){
448                 att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
449                 return;
450             }
451         }
452     }
453 
454     while (!btstack_linked_list_empty(&can_send_now_clients)){
455         // handle first client
456         btstack_context_callback_registration_t * client = (btstack_context_callback_registration_t*) can_send_now_clients;
457         hci_con_handle_t con_handle = (uintptr_t) client->context;
458         btstack_linked_list_remove(&can_send_now_clients, (btstack_linked_item_t *) client);
459         client->callback(client->context);
460 
461         // request again if needed
462         if (!att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle)){
463             if (!btstack_linked_list_empty(&can_send_now_clients) || att_client_waiting_for_can_send){
464                 att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
465             }
466             return;
467         }
468     }
469 
470     if (att_client_waiting_for_can_send){
471         att_client_waiting_for_can_send = 0;
472         att_emit_can_send_now_event();
473     }
474 }
475 
476 static void att_packet_handler(uint8_t packet_type, uint16_t handle, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size){
477 
478     att_server_t * att_server;
479 
480     switch (packet_type){
481 
482         case HCI_EVENT_PACKET:
483             if (packet[0] != L2CAP_EVENT_CAN_SEND_NOW) break;
484             att_server_handle_can_send_now();
485             break;
486 
487         case ATT_DATA_PACKET:
488             log_info("ATT Packet, handle 0x%04x", handle);
489             att_server = att_server_for_handle(handle);
490             if (!att_server) break;
491 
492             // handle value indication confirms
493             if (packet[0] == ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION && att_server->value_indication_handle){
494                 btstack_run_loop_remove_timer(&att_server->value_indication_timer);
495                 uint16_t att_handle = att_server->value_indication_handle;
496                 att_server->value_indication_handle = 0;
497                 att_handle_value_indication_notify_client(0, att_server->connection.con_handle, att_handle);
498                 return;
499             }
500 
501             // directly process command
502             // note: signed write cannot be handled directly as authentication needs to be verified
503             if (packet[0] == ATT_WRITE_COMMAND){
504                 att_handle_request(&att_server->connection, packet, size, 0);
505                 return;
506             }
507 
508             // check size
509             if (size > sizeof(att_server->request_buffer)) {
510                 log_info("att_packet_handler: dropping att pdu 0x%02x as size %u > att_server->request_buffer %u", packet[0], size, (int) sizeof(att_server->request_buffer));
511                 return;
512             }
513 
514             // last request still in processing?
515             if (att_server->state != ATT_SERVER_IDLE){
516                 log_info("att_packet_handler: skipping att pdu 0x%02x as server not idle (state %u)", packet[0], att_server->state);
517                 return;
518             }
519 
520             // store request
521             att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED;
522             att_server->request_size = size;
523             memcpy(att_server->request_buffer, packet, size);
524 
525             att_run_for_context(att_server);
526             break;
527     }
528 }
529 
530 // ---------------------
531 // persistent CCC writes
532 static uint32_t att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(uint8_t index){
533     return 'B' << 24 | 'T' << 16 | 'C' << 8 | index;
534 }
535 
536 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_write(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t att_handle, uint16_t value){
537     // lookup att_server instance
538     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
539     if (!att_server) return;
540     int le_device_index = att_server->ir_le_device_db_index;
541     log_info("Store CCC value 0x%04x for handle 0x%04x of remote %s, le device id %d", value, att_handle, bd_addr_to_str(att_server->peer_address), le_device_index);
542 
543     // check if bonded
544     if (le_device_index < 0) return;
545 
546     // get btstack_tlv
547     const btstack_tlv_t * tlv_impl = NULL;
548     void * tlv_context;
549     btstack_tlv_get_instance(&tlv_impl, &tlv_context);
550     if (!tlv_impl) return;
551 
552     // update ccc tag
553     int index;
554     uint32_t highest_seq_nr = 0;
555     uint32_t lowest_seq_nr = 0;
556     uint32_t tag_for_lowest_seq_nr = 0;
557     uint32_t tag_for_empty = 0;
558     persistent_ccc_entry_t entry;
559     for (index=0;index<NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC;index++){
560         uint32_t tag = att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(index);
561         int len = tlv_impl->get_tag(tlv_context, tag, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
562 
563         // empty/invalid tag
564         if (len != sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t)){
565             tag_for_empty = tag;
566             continue;
567         }
568         // update highest seq nr
569         if (entry.seq_nr > highest_seq_nr){
570             highest_seq_nr = entry.seq_nr;
571         }
572         // find entry with lowest seq nr
573         if ((tag_for_lowest_seq_nr == 0) || (entry.seq_nr < lowest_seq_nr)){
574             tag_for_lowest_seq_nr = tag;
575             lowest_seq_nr = entry.seq_nr;
576         }
577 
578         if (entry.device_index != le_device_index) continue;
579         if (entry.att_handle   != att_handle)      continue;
580 
581         // found matching entry
582         if (value){
583             // update
584             if (entry.value == value) {
585                 log_info("CCC Index %u: Up-to-date", index);
586                 return;
587             }
588             entry.value = value;
589             entry.seq_nr = highest_seq_nr + 1;
590             log_info("CCC Index %u: Store", index);
591             tlv_impl->store_tag(tlv_context, tag, (const uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
592         } else {
593             // delete
594             log_info("CCC Index %u: Delete", index);
595             tlv_impl->delete_tag(tlv_context, tag);
596         }
597         return;
598     }
599 
600     log_info("tag_for_empy %x, tag_for_lowest_seq_nr %x", tag_for_empty, tag_for_lowest_seq_nr);
601 
602     if (value == 0){
603         // done
604         return;
605     }
606 
607     uint32_t tag_to_use = 0;
608     if (tag_for_empty){
609         tag_to_use = tag_for_empty;
610     } else if (tag_for_lowest_seq_nr){
611         tag_to_use = tag_for_lowest_seq_nr;
612     } else {
613         // should not happen
614         return;
615     }
616     // store ccc tag
617     entry.seq_nr       = highest_seq_nr + 1;
618     entry.device_index = le_device_index;
619     entry.att_handle   = att_handle;
620     entry.value        = value;
621     tlv_impl->store_tag(tlv_context, tag_to_use, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
622 }
623 
624 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_clear(att_server_t * att_server){
625     if (!att_server) return;
626     int le_device_index = att_server->ir_le_device_db_index;
627     log_info("Clear CCC values of remote %s, le device id %d", bd_addr_to_str(att_server->peer_address), le_device_index);
628     // check if bonded
629     if (le_device_index < 0) return;
630     // get btstack_tlv
631     const btstack_tlv_t * tlv_impl = NULL;
632     void * tlv_context;
633     btstack_tlv_get_instance(&tlv_impl, &tlv_context);
634     if (!tlv_impl) return;
635     // get all ccc tag
636     int index;
637     persistent_ccc_entry_t entry;
638     for (index=0;index<NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC;index++){
639         uint32_t tag = att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(index);
640         int len = tlv_impl->get_tag(tlv_context, tag, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
641         if (len != sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t)) continue;
642         if (entry.device_index != le_device_index) continue;
643         // delete entry
644         log_info("CCC Index %u: Delete", index);
645         tlv_impl->delete_tag(tlv_context, tag);
646     }
647 }
648 
649 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_restore(att_server_t * att_server){
650     if (!att_server) return;
651     int le_device_index = att_server->ir_le_device_db_index;
652     log_info("Restore CCC values of remote %s, le device id %d", bd_addr_to_str(att_server->peer_address), le_device_index);
653     // get btstack_tlv
654     const btstack_tlv_t * tlv_impl = NULL;
655     void * tlv_context;
656     btstack_tlv_get_instance(&tlv_impl, &tlv_context);
657     if (!tlv_impl) return;
658     // get all ccc tag
659     int index;
660     persistent_ccc_entry_t entry;
661     for (index=0;index<NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC;index++){
662         uint32_t tag = att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(index);
663         int len = tlv_impl->get_tag(tlv_context, tag, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
664         if (len != sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t)) continue;
665         if (entry.device_index != le_device_index) continue;
666         // simulate write callback
667         uint16_t attribute_handle = entry.att_handle;
668         uint8_t  value[2];
669         little_endian_store_16(value, 0, entry.value);
670         att_write_callback_t callback = att_server_write_callback_for_handle(attribute_handle);
671         if (!callback) continue;
672         log_info("CCC Index %u: Set Attribute handle 0x%04x to value 0x%04x", index, attribute_handle, entry.value );
673         (*callback)(att_server->connection.con_handle, attribute_handle, ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_NONE, 0, value, sizeof(value));
674     }
675 }
676 
677 // persistent CCC writes
678 // ---------------------
679 
680 // gatt service management
681 static att_service_handler_t * att_service_handler_for_handle(uint16_t handle){
682     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
683     btstack_linked_list_iterator_init(&it, &service_handlers);
684     while (btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
685         att_service_handler_t * handler = (att_service_handler_t*) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
686         if (handler->start_handle > handle) continue;
687         if (handler->end_handle   < handle) continue;
688         return handler;
689     }
690     return NULL;
691 }
692 static att_read_callback_t att_server_read_callback_for_handle(uint16_t handle){
693     att_service_handler_t * handler = att_service_handler_for_handle(handle);
694     if (handler) return handler->read_callback;
695     return att_server_client_read_callback;
696 }
697 
698 static att_write_callback_t att_server_write_callback_for_handle(uint16_t handle){
699     att_service_handler_t * handler = att_service_handler_for_handle(handle);
700     if (handler) return handler->write_callback;
701     return att_server_client_write_callback;
702 }
703 
704 static void att_notify_write_callbacks(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t transaction_mode){
705     // notify all callbacks
706     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
707     btstack_linked_list_iterator_init(&it, &service_handlers);
708     while (btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
709         att_service_handler_t * handler = (att_service_handler_t*) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
710         if (!handler->write_callback) continue;
711         (*handler->write_callback)(con_handle, 0, transaction_mode, 0, NULL, 0);
712     }
713     if (!att_server_client_write_callback) return;
714     (*att_server_client_write_callback)(con_handle, 0, transaction_mode, 0, NULL, 0);
715 }
716 
717 // returns first reported error or 0
718 static uint8_t att_validate_prepared_write(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
719     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
720     btstack_linked_list_iterator_init(&it, &service_handlers);
721     while (btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
722         att_service_handler_t * handler = (att_service_handler_t*) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
723         if (!handler->write_callback) continue;
724         uint8_t error_code = (*handler->write_callback)(con_handle, 0, ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_VALIDATE, 0, NULL, 0);
725         if (error_code) return error_code;
726     }
727     if (!att_server_client_write_callback) return 0;
728     return (*att_server_client_write_callback)(con_handle, 0, ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_VALIDATE, 0, NULL, 0);
729 }
730 
731 static uint16_t att_server_read_callback(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint16_t offset, uint8_t * buffer, uint16_t buffer_size){
732     att_read_callback_t callback = att_server_read_callback_for_handle(attribute_handle);
733     if (!callback) return 0;
734     return (*callback)(con_handle, attribute_handle, offset, buffer, buffer_size);
735 }
736 
737 static int att_server_write_callback(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint16_t transaction_mode, uint16_t offset, uint8_t *buffer, uint16_t buffer_size){
738     switch (transaction_mode){
739         case ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_VALIDATE:
740             return att_validate_prepared_write(con_handle);
741         case ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_EXECUTE:
742         case ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_CANCEL:
743             att_notify_write_callbacks(con_handle, transaction_mode);
744             return 0;
745         default:
746             break;
747     }
748 
749     // track CCC writes
750     if (att_is_persistent_ccc(attribute_handle) && offset == 0 && buffer_size == 2){
751         att_server_persistent_ccc_write(con_handle, attribute_handle, little_endian_read_16(buffer, 0));
752     }
753 
754     att_write_callback_t callback = att_server_write_callback_for_handle(attribute_handle);
755     if (!callback) return 0;
756     return (*callback)(con_handle, attribute_handle, transaction_mode, offset, buffer, buffer_size);
757 }
758 
759 /**
760  * @brief register read/write callbacks for specific handle range
761  * @param att_service_handler_t
762  */
763 void att_server_register_service_handler(att_service_handler_t * handler){
764     if (att_service_handler_for_handle(handler->start_handle) ||
765         att_service_handler_for_handle(handler->end_handle)){
766         log_error("handler for range 0x%04x-0x%04x already registered", handler->start_handle, handler->end_handle);
767         return;
768     }
769     btstack_linked_list_add(&service_handlers, (btstack_linked_item_t*) handler);
770 }
771 
772 void att_server_init(uint8_t const * db, att_read_callback_t read_callback, att_write_callback_t write_callback){
773 
774     // store callbacks
775     att_server_client_read_callback  = read_callback;
776     att_server_client_write_callback = write_callback;
777 
778     // register for HCI Events
779     hci_event_callback_registration.callback = &att_event_packet_handler;
780     hci_add_event_handler(&hci_event_callback_registration);
781 
782     // register for SM events
783     sm_event_callback_registration.callback = &att_event_packet_handler;
784     sm_add_event_handler(&sm_event_callback_registration);
785 
786     // and L2CAP ATT Server PDUs
787     att_dispatch_register_server(att_packet_handler);
788 
789     att_set_db(db);
790     att_set_read_callback(att_server_read_callback);
791     att_set_write_callback(att_server_write_callback);
792 
793 }
794 
795 void att_server_register_packet_handler(btstack_packet_handler_t handler){
796     att_client_packet_handler = handler;
797 }
798 
799 int  att_server_can_send_packet_now(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
800 	return att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle);
801 }
802 
803 void att_server_request_can_send_now_event(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
804     log_debug("att_server_request_can_send_now_event 0x%04x", con_handle);
805     att_client_waiting_for_can_send = 1;
806     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
807 }
808 
809 void att_server_register_can_send_now_callback(btstack_context_callback_registration_t * callback_registration, hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
810     // check if can send already
811     if (att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle)){
812         callback_registration->callback(callback_registration->context);
813         return;
814     }
815     callback_registration->context = (void*)(uintptr_t) con_handle;
816     btstack_linked_list_add_tail(&can_send_now_clients, (btstack_linked_item_t*) callback_registration);
817     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
818 }
819 
820 
821 int att_server_notify(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint8_t *value, uint16_t value_len){
822     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
823     if (!att_server) return ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
824 
825     if (!att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle)) return BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL;
826 
827     l2cap_reserve_packet_buffer();
828     uint8_t * packet_buffer = l2cap_get_outgoing_buffer();
829     uint16_t size = att_prepare_handle_value_notification(&att_server->connection, attribute_handle, value, value_len, packet_buffer);
830 	return l2cap_send_prepared_connectionless(att_server->connection.con_handle, L2CAP_CID_ATTRIBUTE_PROTOCOL, size);
831 }
832 
833 int att_server_indicate(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint8_t *value, uint16_t value_len){
834     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
835     if (!att_server) return ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
836 
837     if (att_server->value_indication_handle) return ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION_IN_PROGRESS;
838     if (!att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle)) return BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL;
839 
840     // track indication
841     att_server->value_indication_handle = attribute_handle;
842     btstack_run_loop_set_timer_handler(&att_server->value_indication_timer, att_handle_value_indication_timeout);
843     btstack_run_loop_set_timer(&att_server->value_indication_timer, ATT_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT_MS);
844     btstack_run_loop_add_timer(&att_server->value_indication_timer);
845 
846     l2cap_reserve_packet_buffer();
847     uint8_t * packet_buffer = l2cap_get_outgoing_buffer();
848     uint16_t size = att_prepare_handle_value_indication(&att_server->connection, attribute_handle, value, value_len, packet_buffer);
849 	l2cap_send_prepared_connectionless(att_server->connection.con_handle, L2CAP_CID_ATTRIBUTE_PROTOCOL, size);
850     return 0;
851 }
852