xref: /aosp_15_r20/external/openthread/src/lib/spinel/radio_spinel.cpp (revision cfb92d1480a9e65faed56933e9c12405f45898b4)

/*
 *  Copyright (c) 2020, The OpenThread Authors.
 *  All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *  3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the
 *     names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 *  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 *  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 *  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 *  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 *  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 *  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 *  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 *  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 *  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 *  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 *   This file implements the spinel based radio transceiver.
 */

#include "radio_spinel.hpp"

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <openthread/link.h>
#include <openthread/logging.h>
#include <openthread/platform/diag.h>
#include <openthread/platform/time.h>

#include "lib/platform/exit_code.h"
#include "lib/spinel/logger.hpp"
#include "lib/spinel/spinel_decoder.hpp"
#include "lib/spinel/spinel_driver.hpp"
#include "lib/spinel/spinel_helper.hpp"
#include "lib/utils/utils.hpp"

namespace ot {
namespace Spinel {

otExtAddress RadioSpinel::sIeeeEui64;

bool RadioSpinel::sSupportsLogStream =
    false; ///< RCP supports `LOG_STREAM` property with OpenThread log meta-data format.

bool RadioSpinel::sSupportsResetToBootloader = false; ///< RCP supports resetting into bootloader mode.

bool RadioSpinel::sSupportsLogCrashDump = false; ///< RCP supports logging a crash dump.

otRadioCaps RadioSpinel::sRadioCaps = OT_RADIO_CAPS_NONE;

RadioSpinel::RadioSpinel(void)
    : Logger("RadioSpinel")
    , mInstance(nullptr)
    , mCmdTidsInUse(0)
    , mCmdNextTid(1)
    , mTxRadioTid(0)
    , mWaitingTid(0)
    , mWaitingKey(SPINEL_PROP_LAST_STATUS)
    , mPropertyFormat(nullptr)
    , mExpectedCommand(0)
    , mError(OT_ERROR_NONE)
    , mTransmitFrame(nullptr)
    , mShortAddress(0)
    , mPanId(0xffff)
    , mChannel(0)
    , mRxSensitivity(0)
    , mBusLatency(0)
    , mState(kStateDisabled)
    , mIsPromiscuous(false)
    , mRxOnWhenIdle(true)
    , mIsTimeSynced(false)
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    , mRcpFailureCount(0)
    , mRcpFailure(kRcpFailureNone)
    , mSrcMatchShortEntryCount(0)
    , mSrcMatchExtEntryCount(0)
    , mSrcMatchEnabled(false)
    , mMacKeySet(false)
    , mCcaEnergyDetectThresholdSet(false)
    , mTransmitPowerSet(false)
    , mCoexEnabledSet(false)
    , mFemLnaGainSet(false)
    , mEnergyScanning(false)
    , mMacFrameCounterSet(false)
    , mSrcMatchSet(false)
#endif
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE
    , mDiagMode(false)
    , mOutputCallback(nullptr)
    , mOutputContext(nullptr)
#endif
    , mTxRadioEndUs(UINT64_MAX)
    , mRadioTimeRecalcStart(UINT64_MAX)
    , mRadioTimeOffset(UINT64_MAX)
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_VENDOR_HOOK_ENABLE
    , mVendorRestorePropertiesCallback(nullptr)
    , mVendorRestorePropertiesContext(nullptr)
#endif
    , mTimeSyncEnabled(false)
    , mTimeSyncOn(false)
    , mSpinelDriver(nullptr)
{
    memset(&mRadioSpinelMetrics, 0, sizeof(mRadioSpinelMetrics));
    memset(&mCallbacks, 0, sizeof(mCallbacks));
}

void RadioSpinel::Init(bool          aSkipRcpCompatibilityCheck,
                       bool          aSoftwareReset,
                       SpinelDriver *aSpinelDriver,
                       otRadioCaps   aRequiredRadioCaps,
                       bool          aEnableRcpTimeSync)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    bool    supportsRcpApiVersion;
    bool    supportsRcpMinHostApiVersion;

    OT_UNUSED_VARIABLE(aSoftwareReset);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mResetRadioOnStartup = aSoftwareReset;
#endif

    mTimeSyncEnabled = aEnableRcpTimeSync;

    mSpinelDriver = aSpinelDriver;
    mSpinelDriver->SetFrameHandler(&HandleReceivedFrame, &HandleSavedFrame, this);

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MAC_HEADER_IE_SUPPORT && OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_TIME_SYNC_ENABLE
    memset(&mTxIeInfo, 0, sizeof(otRadioIeInfo));
    mTxRadioFrame.mInfo.mTxInfo.mIeInfo = &mTxIeInfo;
#endif

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_HWADDR, SPINEL_DATATYPE_EUI64_S, sIeeeEui64.m8));
    InitializeCaps(supportsRcpApiVersion, supportsRcpMinHostApiVersion);

    if (sSupportsLogCrashDump)
    {
        LogDebg("RCP supports crash dump logging. Requesting crash dump.");
        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_LOG_CRASH_DUMP, nullptr));
    }

    if (!aSkipRcpCompatibilityCheck)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(CheckRcpApiVersion(supportsRcpApiVersion, supportsRcpMinHostApiVersion));
        SuccessOrDie(CheckRadioCapabilities(aRequiredRadioCaps));
    }

    mRxRadioFrame.mPsdu  = mRxPsdu;
    mTxRadioFrame.mPsdu  = mTxPsdu;
    mAckRadioFrame.mPsdu = mAckPsdu;

exit:
    SuccessOrDie(error);
}

void RadioSpinel::SetCallbacks(const struct RadioSpinelCallbacks &aCallbacks)
{
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE
    assert(aCallbacks.mDiagReceiveDone != nullptr);
    assert(aCallbacks.mDiagTransmitDone != nullptr);
#endif
    assert(aCallbacks.mEnergyScanDone != nullptr);
    assert(aCallbacks.mReceiveDone != nullptr);
    assert(aCallbacks.mTransmitDone != nullptr);
    assert(aCallbacks.mTxStarted != nullptr);

    mCallbacks = aCallbacks;
}

otError RadioSpinel::CheckSpinelVersion(void)
{
    otError      error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    unsigned int versionMajor;
    unsigned int versionMinor;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error =
                        Get(SPINEL_PROP_PROTOCOL_VERSION, (SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT_PACKED_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT_PACKED_S),
                            &versionMajor, &versionMinor));

    if ((versionMajor != SPINEL_PROTOCOL_VERSION_THREAD_MAJOR) ||
        (versionMinor != SPINEL_PROTOCOL_VERSION_THREAD_MINOR))
    {
        LogCrit("Spinel version mismatch - Posix:%d.%d, RCP:%d.%d", SPINEL_PROTOCOL_VERSION_THREAD_MAJOR,
                SPINEL_PROTOCOL_VERSION_THREAD_MINOR, versionMajor, versionMinor);
        DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_INCOMPATIBLE);
    }

exit:
    return error;
}

void RadioSpinel::InitializeCaps(bool &aSupportsRcpApiVersion, bool &aSupportsRcpMinHostApiVersion)
{
    if (!GetSpinelDriver().CoprocessorHasCap(SPINEL_CAP_CONFIG_RADIO))
    {
        LogCrit("The co-processor isn't a RCP!");
        DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_INCOMPATIBLE);
    }

    if (!GetSpinelDriver().CoprocessorHasCap(SPINEL_CAP_MAC_RAW))
    {
        LogCrit("RCP capability list does not include support for radio/raw mode");
        DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_INCOMPATIBLE);
    }

    sSupportsLogStream            = GetSpinelDriver().CoprocessorHasCap(SPINEL_CAP_OPENTHREAD_LOG_METADATA);
    aSupportsRcpApiVersion        = GetSpinelDriver().CoprocessorHasCap(SPINEL_CAP_RCP_API_VERSION);
    sSupportsResetToBootloader    = GetSpinelDriver().CoprocessorHasCap(SPINEL_CAP_RCP_RESET_TO_BOOTLOADER);
    aSupportsRcpMinHostApiVersion = GetSpinelDriver().CoprocessorHasCap(SPINEL_CAP_RCP_MIN_HOST_API_VERSION);
    sSupportsLogCrashDump         = GetSpinelDriver().CoprocessorHasCap(SPINEL_CAP_RCP_LOG_CRASH_DUMP);
}

otError RadioSpinel::CheckRadioCapabilities(otRadioCaps aRequiredRadioCaps)
{
    static const char *const kAllRadioCapsStr[] = {"ack-timeout",     "energy-scan",   "tx-retries", "CSMA-backoff",
                                                   "sleep-to-tx",     "tx-security",   "tx-timing",  "rx-timing",
                                                   "rx-on-when-idle", "tx-frame-power"};

    otError      error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    unsigned int radioCaps;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_RADIO_CAPS, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT_PACKED_S, &radioCaps));
    sRadioCaps = static_cast<otRadioCaps>(radioCaps);

    if ((sRadioCaps & aRequiredRadioCaps) != aRequiredRadioCaps)
    {
        otRadioCaps missingCaps = (sRadioCaps & aRequiredRadioCaps) ^ aRequiredRadioCaps;
        LogCrit("RCP is missing required capabilities: ");

        for (unsigned long i = 0; i < sizeof(kAllRadioCapsStr) / sizeof(kAllRadioCapsStr[0]); i++)
        {
            if (missingCaps & (1 << i))
            {
                LogCrit("    %s", kAllRadioCapsStr[i]);
            }
        }

        DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_INCOMPATIBLE);
    }

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::CheckRcpApiVersion(bool aSupportsRcpApiVersion, bool aSupportsRcpMinHostApiVersion)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    static_assert(SPINEL_MIN_HOST_SUPPORTED_RCP_API_VERSION <= SPINEL_RCP_API_VERSION,
                  "MIN_HOST_SUPPORTED_RCP_API_VERSION must be smaller than or equal to RCP_API_VERSION");

    if (aSupportsRcpApiVersion)
    {
        // Make sure RCP is not too old and its version is within the
        // range host supports.

        unsigned int rcpApiVersion;

        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_API_VERSION, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT_PACKED_S, &rcpApiVersion));

        if (rcpApiVersion < SPINEL_MIN_HOST_SUPPORTED_RCP_API_VERSION)
        {
            LogCrit("RCP and host are using incompatible API versions");
            LogCrit("RCP API Version %u is older than min required by host %u", rcpApiVersion,
                    SPINEL_MIN_HOST_SUPPORTED_RCP_API_VERSION);
            DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_INCOMPATIBLE);
        }
    }

    if (aSupportsRcpMinHostApiVersion)
    {
        // Check with RCP about min host API version it can work with,
        // and make sure on host side our version is within the supported
        // range.

        unsigned int minHostRcpApiVersion;

        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(
            error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_MIN_HOST_API_VERSION, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT_PACKED_S, &minHostRcpApiVersion));

        if (SPINEL_RCP_API_VERSION < minHostRcpApiVersion)
        {
            LogCrit("RCP and host are using incompatible API versions");
            LogCrit("RCP requires min host API version %u but host is older and at version %u", minHostRcpApiVersion,
                    SPINEL_RCP_API_VERSION);
            DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_INCOMPATIBLE);
        }
    }

exit:
    return error;
}

void RadioSpinel::Deinit(void)
{
    // This allows implementing pseudo reset.
    new (this) RadioSpinel();
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleNotification(const uint8_t *aFrame, uint16_t aLength, bool &aShouldSaveFrame)
{
    spinel_prop_key_t key;
    spinel_size_t     len = 0;
    spinel_ssize_t    unpacked;
    uint8_t          *data = nullptr;
    uint32_t          cmd;
    uint8_t           header;
    otError           error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    aShouldSaveFrame = false;

    unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aFrame, aLength, "CiiD", &header, &cmd, &key, &data, &len);

    EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
    EXPECT(SPINEL_HEADER_GET_TID(header) == 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

    switch (cmd)
    {
    case SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_IS:
        // Some spinel properties cannot be handled during `WaitResponse()`, we must cache these events.
        // `mWaitingTid` is released immediately after received the response. And `mWaitingKey` is be set
        // to `SPINEL_PROP_LAST_STATUS` at the end of `WaitResponse()`.

        if (!IsSafeToHandleNow(key))
        {
            EXIT_NOW(aShouldSaveFrame = true);
        }

        HandleValueIs(key, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(len));
        break;

    case SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_INSERTED:
    case SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_REMOVED:
        LogInfo("Ignored command %lu", ToUlong(cmd));
        break;

    default:
        EXIT_NOW(error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
    }

exit:

    UpdateParseErrorCount(error);
    LogIfFail("Error processing notification", error);
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleNotification(const uint8_t *aFrame, uint16_t aLength)
{
    spinel_prop_key_t key;
    spinel_size_t     len = 0;
    spinel_ssize_t    unpacked;
    uint8_t          *data = nullptr;
    uint32_t          cmd;
    uint8_t           header;
    otError           error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aFrame, aLength, "CiiD", &header, &cmd, &key, &data, &len);
    EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
    EXPECT(SPINEL_HEADER_GET_TID(header) == 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
    EXPECT(cmd == SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_IS, NO_ACTION);
    HandleValueIs(key, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(len));

exit:
    UpdateParseErrorCount(error);
    LogIfFail("Error processing saved notification", error);
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleResponse(const uint8_t *aBuffer, uint16_t aLength)
{
    spinel_prop_key_t key;
    uint8_t          *data   = nullptr;
    spinel_size_t     len    = 0;
    uint8_t           header = 0;
    uint32_t          cmd    = 0;
    spinel_ssize_t    rval   = 0;
    otError           error  = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    rval = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, "CiiD", &header, &cmd, &key, &data, &len);
    EXPECT(rval > 0 && cmd >= SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_IS && cmd <= SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_REMOVED, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

    if (mWaitingTid == SPINEL_HEADER_GET_TID(header))
    {
        HandleWaitingResponse(cmd, key, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(len));
        FreeTid(mWaitingTid);
        mWaitingTid = 0;
    }
    else if (mTxRadioTid == SPINEL_HEADER_GET_TID(header))
    {
        if (mState == kStateTransmitting)
        {
            HandleTransmitDone(cmd, key, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(len));
        }

        FreeTid(mTxRadioTid);
        mTxRadioTid = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        LogWarn("Unexpected Spinel transaction message: %u", SPINEL_HEADER_GET_TID(header));
        error = OT_ERROR_DROP;
    }

exit:
    UpdateParseErrorCount(error);
    LogIfFail("Error processing response", error);
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleWaitingResponse(uint32_t          aCommand,
                                        spinel_prop_key_t aKey,
                                        const uint8_t    *aBuffer,
                                        uint16_t          aLength)
{
    if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_LAST_STATUS)
    {
        spinel_status_t status;
        spinel_ssize_t  unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, "i", &status);

        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, mError = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        mError = SpinelStatusToOtError(status);
    }
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE
    else if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_NEST_STREAM_MFG)
    {
        spinel_ssize_t unpacked;
        const char    *diagOutput;

        mError = OT_ERROR_NONE;
        EXPECT(mOutputCallback != nullptr, NO_ACTION);
        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UTF8_S, &diagOutput);
        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, mError = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        PlatDiagOutput("%s", diagOutput);
    }
#endif
    else if (aKey == mWaitingKey)
    {
        if (mPropertyFormat)
        {
            if (static_cast<spinel_datatype_t>(mPropertyFormat[0]) == SPINEL_DATATYPE_VOID_C)
            {
                // reserved SPINEL_DATATYPE_VOID_C indicate caller want to parse the spinel response itself
                ResponseHandler handler = va_arg(mPropertyArgs, ResponseHandler);

                assert(handler != nullptr);
                mError = (this->*handler)(aBuffer, aLength);
            }
            else
            {
                spinel_ssize_t unpacked =
                    spinel_datatype_vunpack_in_place(aBuffer, aLength, mPropertyFormat, mPropertyArgs);

                EXPECT(unpacked > 0, mError = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
                mError = OT_ERROR_NONE;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (aCommand == mExpectedCommand)
            {
                mError = OT_ERROR_NONE;
            }
            else
            {
                mError = OT_ERROR_DROP;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        mError = OT_ERROR_DROP;
    }

exit:
    UpdateParseErrorCount(mError);
    LogIfFail("Error processing result", mError);
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleValueIs(spinel_prop_key_t aKey, const uint8_t *aBuffer, uint16_t aLength)
{
    otError        error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    spinel_ssize_t unpacked;

    if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_STREAM_RAW)
    {
        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = ParseRadioFrame(mRxRadioFrame, aBuffer, aLength, unpacked));
        RadioReceive();
    }
    else if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_LAST_STATUS)
    {
        spinel_status_t status = SPINEL_STATUS_OK;

        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, "i", &status);
        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

        if (status >= SPINEL_STATUS_RESET__BEGIN && status <= SPINEL_STATUS_RESET__END)
        {
            if (IsEnabled())
            {
                HandleRcpUnexpectedReset(status);
                EXIT_NOW();
            }

            // this clear is necessary in case the RCP has sent messages between disable and reset
            mSpinelDriver->ClearRxBuffer();
            mSpinelDriver->SetCoprocessorReady();

            LogInfo("RCP reset: %s", spinel_status_to_cstr(status));
        }
        else if (status == SPINEL_STATUS_SWITCHOVER_DONE || status == SPINEL_STATUS_SWITCHOVER_FAILED)
        {
            if (mCallbacks.mSwitchoverDone != nullptr)
            {
                mCallbacks.mSwitchoverDone(mInstance, status == SPINEL_STATUS_SWITCHOVER_DONE);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            LogInfo("RCP last status: %s", spinel_status_to_cstr(status));
        }
    }
    else if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_MAC_ENERGY_SCAN_RESULT)
    {
        uint8_t scanChannel;
        int8_t  maxRssi;

        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, "Cc", &scanChannel, &maxRssi);

        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
        mEnergyScanning = false;
#endif

        mCallbacks.mEnergyScanDone(mInstance, maxRssi);
    }
    else if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_STREAM_DEBUG)
    {
        char         logStream[OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_NCP_SPINEL_LOG_MAX_SIZE + 1];
        unsigned int len = sizeof(logStream);

        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack_in_place(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_S, logStream, &len);
        assert(len < sizeof(logStream));
        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        logStream[len] = '\0';
        LogDebg("RCP => %s", logStream);
    }
    else if ((aKey == SPINEL_PROP_STREAM_LOG) && sSupportsLogStream)
    {
        const char *logString;
        uint8_t     logLevel;

        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UTF8_S, &logString);
        EXPECT(unpacked >= 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        aBuffer += unpacked;
        aLength -= unpacked;

        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, &logLevel);
        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

        switch (logLevel)
        {
        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_EMERG:
        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_ALERT:
        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_CRIT:
            LogCrit("RCP => %s", logString);
            break;

        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_ERR:
        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_WARN:
            LogWarn("RCP => %s", logString);
            break;

        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_NOTICE:
            LogNote("RCP => %s", logString);
            break;

        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_INFO:
            LogInfo("RCP => %s", logString);
            break;

        case SPINEL_NCP_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG:
        default:
            LogDebg("RCP => %s", logString);
            break;
        }
    }
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE
    else if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_NEST_STREAM_MFG)
    {
        const char *diagOutput;

        EXPECT(mOutputCallback != nullptr, NO_ACTION);
        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UTF8_S, &diagOutput);
        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        PlatDiagOutput("%s", diagOutput);
    }
#endif
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_VENDOR_HOOK_ENABLE
    else if (aKey >= SPINEL_PROP_VENDOR__BEGIN && aKey < SPINEL_PROP_VENDOR__END)
    {
        error = VendorHandleValueIs(aKey);
    }
#endif

exit:
    UpdateParseErrorCount(error);
    LogIfFail("Failed to handle ValueIs", error);
}

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_VENDOR_HOOK_ENABLE
void RadioSpinel::SetVendorRestorePropertiesCallback(otRadioSpinelVendorRestorePropertiesCallback aCallback,
                                                     void                                        *aContext)
{
    mVendorRestorePropertiesCallback = aCallback;
    mVendorRestorePropertiesContext  = aContext;
}
#endif

SpinelDriver &RadioSpinel::GetSpinelDriver(void) const
{
    OT_ASSERT(mSpinelDriver != nullptr);
    return *mSpinelDriver;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SendReset(uint8_t aResetType)
{
    otError error;

    if ((aResetType == SPINEL_RESET_BOOTLOADER) && !sSupportsResetToBootloader)
    {
        EXIT_NOW(error = OT_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
    }
    error = GetSpinelDriver().SendReset(aResetType);

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::ParseRadioFrame(otRadioFrame   &aFrame,
                                     const uint8_t  *aBuffer,
                                     uint16_t        aLength,
                                     spinel_ssize_t &aUnpacked)
{
    otError        error        = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    uint16_t       flags        = 0;
    int8_t         noiseFloor   = -128;
    spinel_size_t  size         = OT_RADIO_FRAME_MAX_SIZE;
    unsigned int   receiveError = 0;
    spinel_ssize_t unpacked;

    EXPECT(aLength > 0, aFrame.mLength = 0);

    unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack_in_place(aBuffer, aLength,
                                               SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S                          // Frame
                                                   SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S                           // RSSI
                                                       SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S                       // Noise Floor
                                                           SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S                 // Flags
                                                               SPINEL_DATATYPE_STRUCT_S(            // PHY-data
                                                                   SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S          // 802.15.4 channel
                                                                       SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S      // 802.15.4 LQI
                                                                           SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT64_S // Timestamp (us).
                                                                   ) SPINEL_DATATYPE_STRUCT_S(      // Vendor-data
                                                                   SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT_PACKED_S    // Receive error
                                                                   ),
                                               aFrame.mPsdu, &size, &aFrame.mInfo.mRxInfo.mRssi, &noiseFloor, &flags,
                                               &aFrame.mChannel, &aFrame.mInfo.mRxInfo.mLqi,
                                               &aFrame.mInfo.mRxInfo.mTimestamp, &receiveError);

    EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
    aUnpacked = unpacked;

    aBuffer += unpacked;
    aLength -= static_cast<uint16_t>(unpacked);

    if (sRadioCaps & OT_RADIO_CAPS_TRANSMIT_SEC)
    {
        unpacked =
            spinel_datatype_unpack_in_place(aBuffer, aLength,
                                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_STRUCT_S(        // MAC-data
                                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S      // Security key index
                                                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S // Security frame counter
                                                ),
                                            &aFrame.mInfo.mRxInfo.mAckKeyId, &aFrame.mInfo.mRxInfo.mAckFrameCounter);

        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        aUnpacked += unpacked;

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
        if (flags & SPINEL_MD_FLAG_ACKED_SEC)
        {
            mMacFrameCounterSet = true;
        }
#endif
    }

    if (receiveError == OT_ERROR_NONE)
    {
        aFrame.mLength = static_cast<uint8_t>(size);

        aFrame.mInfo.mRxInfo.mAckedWithFramePending = ((flags & SPINEL_MD_FLAG_ACKED_FP) != 0);
        aFrame.mInfo.mRxInfo.mAckedWithSecEnhAck    = ((flags & SPINEL_MD_FLAG_ACKED_SEC) != 0);
    }
    else if (receiveError < OT_NUM_ERRORS)
    {
        error = static_cast<otError>(receiveError);
    }
    else
    {
        error = OT_ERROR_PARSE;
    }

exit:
    UpdateParseErrorCount(error);
    LogIfFail("Handle radio frame failed", error);
    return error;
}

void RadioSpinel::RadioReceive(void)
{
    if (!mIsPromiscuous)
    {
        switch (mState)
        {
        case kStateDisabled:
        case kStateSleep:
            EXIT_NOW();

        case kStateReceive:
        case kStateTransmitting:
        case kStateTransmitDone:
            break;
        }
    }

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE
    if (otPlatDiagModeGet())
    {
        mCallbacks.mDiagReceiveDone(mInstance, &mRxRadioFrame, OT_ERROR_NONE);
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        mCallbacks.mReceiveDone(mInstance, &mRxRadioFrame, OT_ERROR_NONE);
    }
exit:
    return;
}

void RadioSpinel::TransmitDone(otRadioFrame *aFrame, otRadioFrame *aAckFrame, otError aError)
{
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE
    if (otPlatDiagModeGet())
    {
        mCallbacks.mDiagTransmitDone(mInstance, aFrame, aError);
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        mCallbacks.mTransmitDone(mInstance, aFrame, aAckFrame, aError);
    }
}

void RadioSpinel::ProcessRadioStateMachine(void)
{
    if (mState == kStateTransmitDone)
    {
        mState        = kStateReceive;
        mTxRadioEndUs = UINT64_MAX;

        TransmitDone(mTransmitFrame, (mAckRadioFrame.mLength != 0) ? &mAckRadioFrame : nullptr, mTxError);
    }
    else if (mState == kStateTransmitting && otPlatTimeGet() >= mTxRadioEndUs)
    {
        // Frame has been successfully passed to radio, but no `TransmitDone` event received within kTxWaitUs.
        LogWarn("radio tx timeout");
        HandleRcpTimeout();
    }
}

void RadioSpinel::Process(const void *aContext)
{
    OT_UNUSED_VARIABLE(aContext);

    ProcessRadioStateMachine();
    RecoverFromRcpFailure();

    if (mTimeSyncEnabled)
    {
        CalcRcpTimeOffset();
    }
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetPromiscuous(bool aEnable)
{
    otError error;

    uint8_t mode = (aEnable ? SPINEL_MAC_PROMISCUOUS_MODE_NETWORK : SPINEL_MAC_PROMISCUOUS_MODE_OFF);
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_PROMISCUOUS_MODE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, mode));
    mIsPromiscuous = aEnable;

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetRxOnWhenIdle(bool aEnable)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    EXPECT(mRxOnWhenIdle != aEnable, NO_ACTION);
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RX_ON_WHEN_IDLE_MODE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, aEnable));
    mRxOnWhenIdle = aEnable;

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetShortAddress(uint16_t aAddress)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    EXPECT(mShortAddress != aAddress, NO_ACTION);
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_SADDR, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, aAddress));
    mShortAddress = aAddress;

exit:
    return error;
}

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE

otError RadioSpinel::ReadMacKey(const otMacKeyMaterial &aKeyMaterial, otMacKey &aKey)
{
    size_t  keySize;
    otError error = otPlatCryptoExportKey(aKeyMaterial.mKeyMaterial.mKeyRef, aKey.m8, sizeof(aKey), &keySize);

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error);
    EXPECT(keySize == sizeof(otMacKey), error = OT_ERROR_FAILED);

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetMacKey(uint8_t                 aKeyIdMode,
                               uint8_t                 aKeyId,
                               const otMacKeyMaterial *aPrevKey,
                               const otMacKeyMaterial *aCurrKey,
                               const otMacKeyMaterial *aNextKey)
{
    otError  error;
    otMacKey prevKey;
    otMacKey currKey;
    otMacKey nextKey;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = ReadMacKey(*aPrevKey, prevKey));
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = ReadMacKey(*aCurrKey, currKey));
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = ReadMacKey(*aNextKey, nextKey));
    error = SetMacKey(aKeyIdMode, aKeyId, prevKey, currKey, nextKey);

exit:
    return error;
}

#else

otError RadioSpinel::SetMacKey(uint8_t                 aKeyIdMode,
                               uint8_t                 aKeyId,
                               const otMacKeyMaterial *aPrevKey,
                               const otMacKeyMaterial *aCurrKey,
                               const otMacKeyMaterial *aNextKey)
{
    return SetMacKey(aKeyIdMode, aKeyId, aPrevKey->mKeyMaterial.mKey, aCurrKey->mKeyMaterial.mKey,
                     aNextKey->mKeyMaterial.mKey);
}

#endif // OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_KEY_REFERENCES_ENABLE

otError RadioSpinel::SetMacKey(uint8_t         aKeyIdMode,
                               uint8_t         aKeyId,
                               const otMacKey &aPrevKey,
                               const otMacKey &aCurrKey,
                               const otMacKey &aNextKey)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_MAC_KEY,
                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S
                                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S,
                                aKeyIdMode, aKeyId, aPrevKey.m8, sizeof(aPrevKey), aCurrKey.m8, sizeof(aCurrKey),
                                aNextKey.m8, sizeof(aNextKey)));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mKeyIdMode = aKeyIdMode;
    mKeyId     = aKeyId;

    mPrevKey = aPrevKey;
    mCurrKey = aCurrKey;
    mNextKey = aNextKey;

    mMacKeySet = true;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetMacFrameCounter(uint32_t aMacFrameCounter, bool aSetIfLarger)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_MAC_FRAME_COUNTER, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S,
                                aMacFrameCounter, aSetIfLarger));
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mMacFrameCounterSet = true;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::GetIeeeEui64(uint8_t *aIeeeEui64)
{
    memcpy(aIeeeEui64, sIeeeEui64.m8, sizeof(sIeeeEui64.m8));

    return OT_ERROR_NONE;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetExtendedAddress(const otExtAddress &aExtAddress)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_LADDR, SPINEL_DATATYPE_EUI64_S, aExtAddress.m8));
    mExtendedAddress = aExtAddress;

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetPanId(uint16_t aPanId)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    EXPECT(mPanId != aPanId, NO_ACTION);
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_PANID, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, aPanId));
    mPanId = aPanId;

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::EnableSrcMatch(bool aEnable)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, aEnable));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mSrcMatchSet     = true;
    mSrcMatchEnabled = aEnable;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::AddSrcMatchShortEntry(uint16_t aShortAddress)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Insert(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_SHORT_ADDRESSES, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, aShortAddress));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    assert(mSrcMatchShortEntryCount < OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_MAX_CHILDREN);

    for (int i = 0; i < mSrcMatchShortEntryCount; ++i)
    {
        if (mSrcMatchShortEntries[i] == aShortAddress)
        {
            EXIT_NOW();
        }
    }
    mSrcMatchShortEntries[mSrcMatchShortEntryCount] = aShortAddress;
    ++mSrcMatchShortEntryCount;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::AddSrcMatchExtEntry(const otExtAddress &aExtAddress)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error =
                        Insert(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_EXTENDED_ADDRESSES, SPINEL_DATATYPE_EUI64_S, aExtAddress.m8));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    assert(mSrcMatchExtEntryCount < OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_MAX_CHILDREN);

    for (int i = 0; i < mSrcMatchExtEntryCount; ++i)
    {
        if (memcmp(aExtAddress.m8, mSrcMatchExtEntries[i].m8, OT_EXT_ADDRESS_SIZE) == 0)
        {
            EXIT_NOW();
        }
    }
    mSrcMatchExtEntries[mSrcMatchExtEntryCount] = aExtAddress;
    ++mSrcMatchExtEntryCount;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::ClearSrcMatchShortEntry(uint16_t aShortAddress)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Remove(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_SHORT_ADDRESSES, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, aShortAddress));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    for (int i = 0; i < mSrcMatchShortEntryCount; ++i)
    {
        if (mSrcMatchShortEntries[i] == aShortAddress)
        {
            mSrcMatchShortEntries[i] = mSrcMatchShortEntries[mSrcMatchShortEntryCount - 1];
            --mSrcMatchShortEntryCount;
            break;
        }
    }
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::ClearSrcMatchExtEntry(const otExtAddress &aExtAddress)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error =
                        Remove(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_EXTENDED_ADDRESSES, SPINEL_DATATYPE_EUI64_S, aExtAddress.m8));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    for (int i = 0; i < mSrcMatchExtEntryCount; ++i)
    {
        if (memcmp(mSrcMatchExtEntries[i].m8, aExtAddress.m8, OT_EXT_ADDRESS_SIZE) == 0)
        {
            mSrcMatchExtEntries[i] = mSrcMatchExtEntries[mSrcMatchExtEntryCount - 1];
            --mSrcMatchExtEntryCount;
            break;
        }
    }
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::ClearSrcMatchShortEntries(void)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_SHORT_ADDRESSES, nullptr));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mSrcMatchShortEntryCount = 0;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::ClearSrcMatchExtEntries(void)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_EXTENDED_ADDRESSES, nullptr));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mSrcMatchExtEntryCount = 0;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::GetTransmitPower(int8_t &aPower)
{
    otError error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_TX_POWER, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, &aPower);

    LogIfFail("Get transmit power failed", error);
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::GetCcaEnergyDetectThreshold(int8_t &aThreshold)
{
    otError error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CCA_THRESHOLD, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, &aThreshold);

    LogIfFail("Get CCA ED threshold failed", error);
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::GetFemLnaGain(int8_t &aGain)
{
    otError error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_FEM_LNA_GAIN, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, &aGain);

    LogIfFail("Get FEM LNA gain failed", error);
    return error;
}

int8_t RadioSpinel::GetRssi(void)
{
    int8_t  rssi  = OT_RADIO_RSSI_INVALID;
    otError error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_RSSI, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, &rssi);

    LogIfFail("Get RSSI failed", error);
    return rssi;
}

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_RADIO_COEX_ENABLE
otError RadioSpinel::SetCoexEnabled(bool aEnabled)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_RADIO_COEX_ENABLE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, aEnabled));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mCoexEnabled    = aEnabled;
    mCoexEnabledSet = true;
#endif

exit:
    return error;
}

bool RadioSpinel::IsCoexEnabled(void)
{
    bool    enabled;
    otError error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_RADIO_COEX_ENABLE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, &enabled);

    LogIfFail("Get Coex State failed", error);
    return enabled;
}

otError RadioSpinel::GetCoexMetrics(otRadioCoexMetrics &aCoexMetrics)
{
    otError error;

    error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_RADIO_COEX_METRICS,
                SPINEL_DATATYPE_STRUCT_S(                                    // Tx Coex Metrics Structure
                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                                 // NumTxRequest
                        SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                             // NumTxGrantImmediate
                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                         // NumTxGrantWait
                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                     // NumTxGrantWaitActivated
                                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                 // NumTxGrantWaitTimeout
                                        SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S             // NumTxGrantDeactivatedDuringRequest
                                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S         // NumTxDelayedGrant
                                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S     // AvgTxRequestToGrantTime
                    ) SPINEL_DATATYPE_STRUCT_S(                              // Rx Coex Metrics Structure
                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                                 // NumRxRequest
                        SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                             // NumRxGrantImmediate
                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                         // NumRxGrantWait
                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                     // NumRxGrantWaitActivated
                                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S                 // NumRxGrantWaitTimeout
                                        SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S             // NumRxGrantDeactivatedDuringRequest
                                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S         // NumRxDelayedGrant
                                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S     // AvgRxRequestToGrantTime
                                                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S // NumRxGrantNone
                    ) SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S                                 // Stopped
                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S,                                // NumGrantGlitch
                &aCoexMetrics.mNumTxRequest, &aCoexMetrics.mNumTxGrantImmediate, &aCoexMetrics.mNumTxGrantWait,
                &aCoexMetrics.mNumTxGrantWaitActivated, &aCoexMetrics.mNumTxGrantWaitTimeout,
                &aCoexMetrics.mNumTxGrantDeactivatedDuringRequest, &aCoexMetrics.mNumTxDelayedGrant,
                &aCoexMetrics.mAvgTxRequestToGrantTime, &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxRequest, &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxGrantImmediate,
                &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxGrantWait, &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxGrantWaitActivated,
                &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxGrantWaitTimeout, &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxGrantDeactivatedDuringRequest,
                &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxDelayedGrant, &aCoexMetrics.mAvgRxRequestToGrantTime, &aCoexMetrics.mNumRxGrantNone,
                &aCoexMetrics.mStopped, &aCoexMetrics.mNumGrantGlitch);

    LogIfFail("Get Coex Metrics failed", error);
    return error;
}
#endif

otError RadioSpinel::SetTransmitPower(int8_t aPower)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_TX_POWER, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, aPower));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mTransmitPower    = aPower;
    mTransmitPowerSet = true;
#endif

exit:
    LogIfFail("Set transmit power failed", error);
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetCcaEnergyDetectThreshold(int8_t aThreshold)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CCA_THRESHOLD, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, aThreshold));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mCcaEnergyDetectThreshold    = aThreshold;
    mCcaEnergyDetectThresholdSet = true;
#endif

exit:
    LogIfFail("Set CCA ED threshold failed", error);
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetFemLnaGain(int8_t aGain)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_FEM_LNA_GAIN, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, aGain));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mFemLnaGain    = aGain;
    mFemLnaGainSet = true;
#endif

exit:
    LogIfFail("Set FEM LNA gain failed", error);
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::EnergyScan(uint8_t aScanChannel, uint16_t aScanDuration)
{
    otError error;

    EXPECT(sRadioCaps & OT_RADIO_CAPS_ENERGY_SCAN, error = OT_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mScanChannel    = aScanChannel;
    mScanDuration   = aScanDuration;
    mEnergyScanning = true;
#endif

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SCAN_MASK, SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_S, &aScanChannel, sizeof(uint8_t)));
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SCAN_PERIOD, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, aScanDuration));
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SCAN_STATE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, SPINEL_SCAN_STATE_ENERGY));

    mChannel = aScanChannel;

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Get(spinel_prop_key_t aKey, const char *aFormat, ...)
{
    otError error;

    assert(mWaitingTid == 0);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    do
    {
        RecoverFromRcpFailure();
#endif
        va_start(mPropertyArgs, aFormat);
        error = RequestWithPropertyFormatV(aFormat, SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_GET, aKey, nullptr, mPropertyArgs);
        va_end(mPropertyArgs);
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    } while (mRcpFailure != kRcpFailureNone);
#endif

    return error;
}

// This is not a normal use case for VALUE_GET command and should be only used to get RCP timestamp with dummy payload
otError RadioSpinel::GetWithParam(spinel_prop_key_t aKey,
                                  const uint8_t    *aParam,
                                  spinel_size_t     aParamSize,
                                  const char       *aFormat,
                                  ...)
{
    otError error;

    assert(mWaitingTid == 0);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    do
    {
        RecoverFromRcpFailure();
#endif
        va_start(mPropertyArgs, aFormat);
        error = RequestWithPropertyFormat(aFormat, SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_GET, aKey, SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_S, aParam,
                                          aParamSize);
        va_end(mPropertyArgs);
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    } while (mRcpFailure != kRcpFailureNone);
#endif

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Set(spinel_prop_key_t aKey, const char *aFormat, ...)
{
    otError error;

    assert(mWaitingTid == 0);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    do
    {
        RecoverFromRcpFailure();
#endif
        va_start(mPropertyArgs, aFormat);
        error = RequestWithExpectedCommandV(SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_IS, SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_SET, aKey, aFormat,
                                            mPropertyArgs);
        va_end(mPropertyArgs);
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    } while (mRcpFailure != kRcpFailureNone);
#endif

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Insert(spinel_prop_key_t aKey, const char *aFormat, ...)
{
    otError error;

    assert(mWaitingTid == 0);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    do
    {
        RecoverFromRcpFailure();
#endif
        va_start(mPropertyArgs, aFormat);
        error = RequestWithExpectedCommandV(SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_INSERTED, SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_INSERT, aKey, aFormat,
                                            mPropertyArgs);
        va_end(mPropertyArgs);
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    } while (mRcpFailure != kRcpFailureNone);
#endif

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Remove(spinel_prop_key_t aKey, const char *aFormat, ...)
{
    otError error;

    assert(mWaitingTid == 0);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    do
    {
        RecoverFromRcpFailure();
#endif
        va_start(mPropertyArgs, aFormat);
        error = RequestWithExpectedCommandV(SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_REMOVED, SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_REMOVE, aKey, aFormat,
                                            mPropertyArgs);
        va_end(mPropertyArgs);
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    } while (mRcpFailure != kRcpFailureNone);
#endif

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::WaitResponse(bool aHandleRcpTimeout)
{
    uint64_t end = otPlatTimeGet() + kMaxWaitTime * kUsPerMs;

    LogDebg("Wait response: tid=%u key=%lu", mWaitingTid, ToUlong(mWaitingKey));

    do
    {
        uint64_t now;

        now = otPlatTimeGet();
        if ((end <= now) || (GetSpinelDriver().GetSpinelInterface()->WaitForFrame(end - now) != OT_ERROR_NONE))
        {
            LogWarn("Wait for response timeout");
            if (aHandleRcpTimeout)
            {
                HandleRcpTimeout();
            }
            EXIT_NOW(mError = OT_ERROR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT);
        }
    } while (mWaitingTid);

    LogIfFail("Error waiting response", mError);
    // This indicates end of waiting response.
    mWaitingKey = SPINEL_PROP_LAST_STATUS;

exit:
    return mError;
}

spinel_tid_t RadioSpinel::GetNextTid(void)
{
    spinel_tid_t tid = mCmdNextTid;

    while (((1 << tid) & mCmdTidsInUse) != 0)
    {
        tid = SPINEL_GET_NEXT_TID(tid);

        if (tid == mCmdNextTid)
        {
            // We looped back to `mCmdNextTid` indicating that all
            // TIDs are in-use.

            EXIT_NOW(tid = 0);
        }
    }

    mCmdTidsInUse |= (1 << tid);
    mCmdNextTid = SPINEL_GET_NEXT_TID(tid);

exit:
    return tid;
}

otError RadioSpinel::RequestV(uint32_t command, spinel_prop_key_t aKey, const char *aFormat, va_list aArgs)
{
    otError      error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    spinel_tid_t tid   = GetNextTid();

    EXPECT(tid > 0, error = OT_ERROR_BUSY);

    error = GetSpinelDriver().SendCommand(command, aKey, tid, aFormat, aArgs);
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error);

    if (aKey == SPINEL_PROP_STREAM_RAW)
    {
        // not allowed to send another frame before the last frame is done.
        assert(mTxRadioTid == 0);
        EXPECT(mTxRadioTid == 0, error = OT_ERROR_BUSY);
        mTxRadioTid = tid;
    }
    else
    {
        mWaitingKey = aKey;
        mWaitingTid = tid;
        error       = WaitResponse();
    }

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Request(uint32_t aCommand, spinel_prop_key_t aKey, const char *aFormat, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, aFormat);
    otError status = RequestV(aCommand, aKey, aFormat, args);
    va_end(args);
    return status;
}

otError RadioSpinel::RequestWithPropertyFormat(const char       *aPropertyFormat,
                                               uint32_t          aCommand,
                                               spinel_prop_key_t aKey,
                                               const char       *aFormat,
                                               ...)
{
    otError error;
    va_list args;

    va_start(args, aFormat);
    error = RequestWithPropertyFormatV(aPropertyFormat, aCommand, aKey, aFormat, args);
    va_end(args);

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::RequestWithPropertyFormatV(const char       *aPropertyFormat,
                                                uint32_t          aCommand,
                                                spinel_prop_key_t aKey,
                                                const char       *aFormat,
                                                va_list           aArgs)
{
    otError error;

    mPropertyFormat = aPropertyFormat;
    error           = RequestV(aCommand, aKey, aFormat, aArgs);
    mPropertyFormat = nullptr;

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::RequestWithExpectedCommandV(uint32_t          aExpectedCommand,
                                                 uint32_t          aCommand,
                                                 spinel_prop_key_t aKey,
                                                 const char       *aFormat,
                                                 va_list           aArgs)
{
    otError error;

    mExpectedCommand = aExpectedCommand;
    error            = RequestV(aCommand, aKey, aFormat, aArgs);
    mExpectedCommand = SPINEL_CMD_NOOP;

    return error;
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleTransmitDone(uint32_t          aCommand,
                                     spinel_prop_key_t aKey,
                                     const uint8_t    *aBuffer,
                                     uint16_t          aLength)
{
    otError         error         = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    spinel_status_t status        = SPINEL_STATUS_OK;
    bool            framePending  = false;
    bool            headerUpdated = false;
    spinel_ssize_t  unpacked;

    EXPECT(aCommand == SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_IS && aKey == SPINEL_PROP_LAST_STATUS, error = OT_ERROR_FAILED);

    unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT_PACKED_S, &status);
    EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

    aBuffer += unpacked;
    aLength -= static_cast<uint16_t>(unpacked);

    unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, &framePending);
    EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

    aBuffer += unpacked;
    aLength -= static_cast<uint16_t>(unpacked);

    unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, &headerUpdated);
    EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);

    aBuffer += unpacked;
    aLength -= static_cast<uint16_t>(unpacked);

    if (status == SPINEL_STATUS_OK)
    {
        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = ParseRadioFrame(mAckRadioFrame, aBuffer, aLength, unpacked));
        aBuffer += unpacked;
        aLength -= static_cast<uint16_t>(unpacked);
    }
    else
    {
        error = SpinelStatusToOtError(status);
    }

    static_cast<Mac::TxFrame *>(mTransmitFrame)->SetIsHeaderUpdated(headerUpdated);

    if ((sRadioCaps & OT_RADIO_CAPS_TRANSMIT_SEC) && headerUpdated &&
        static_cast<Mac::TxFrame *>(mTransmitFrame)->GetSecurityEnabled())
    {
        uint8_t  keyId;
        uint32_t frameCounter;

        // Replace transmit frame security key index and frame counter with the one filled by RCP
        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(aBuffer, aLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S, &keyId,
                                          &frameCounter);
        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        static_cast<Mac::TxFrame *>(mTransmitFrame)->SetKeyId(keyId);
        static_cast<Mac::TxFrame *>(mTransmitFrame)->SetFrameCounter(frameCounter);

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
        mMacFrameCounterSet = true;
#endif
    }

exit:
    // A parse error indicates an RCP misbehavior, so recover the RCP immediately.
    mState = kStateTransmitDone;
    if (error != OT_ERROR_PARSE)
    {
        mTxError = error;
    }
    else
    {
        mTxError = kErrorAbort;
        HandleRcpTimeout();
        RecoverFromRcpFailure();
    }
    UpdateParseErrorCount(error);
    LogIfFail("Handle transmit done failed", error);
}

otError RadioSpinel::Transmit(otRadioFrame &aFrame)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;

    EXPECT(mState == kStateReceive || (mState == kStateSleep && (sRadioCaps & OT_RADIO_CAPS_SLEEP_TO_TX)), NO_ACTION);

    mTransmitFrame = &aFrame;

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MAC_HEADER_IE_SUPPORT && OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_TIME_SYNC_ENABLE
    if (mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIeInfo->mTimeIeOffset != 0)
    {
        uint64_t netRadioTime = otPlatRadioGetNow(mInstance);
        uint64_t netSyncTime;
        uint8_t *timeIe = mTransmitFrame->mPsdu + mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIeInfo->mTimeIeOffset;

        if (netRadioTime == UINT64_MAX)
        {
            // If we can't get the radio time, get the platform time
            netSyncTime = static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(otPlatTimeGet()) +
                                                mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIeInfo->mNetworkTimeOffset);
        }
        else
        {
            uint32_t transmitDelay = 0;

            // If supported, add a delay and transmit the network time at a precise moment
#if !OPENTHREAD_MTD && OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MAC_CSL_TRANSMITTER_ENABLE
            transmitDelay                                  = kTxWaitUs / 10;
            mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mTxDelayBaseTime = static_cast<uint32_t>(netRadioTime);
            mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mTxDelay         = transmitDelay;
#endif
            netSyncTime = static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(netRadioTime) + transmitDelay +
                                                mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIeInfo->mNetworkTimeOffset);
        }

        *(timeIe++) = mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIeInfo->mTimeSyncSeq;

        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(uint64_t); i++)
        {
            *(timeIe++) = static_cast<uint8_t>(netSyncTime & 0xff);
            netSyncTime = netSyncTime >> 8;
        }
    }
#endif // OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MAC_HEADER_IE_SUPPORT && OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_TIME_SYNC_ENABLE

    // `otPlatRadioTxStarted()` is triggered immediately for now, which may be earlier than real started time.
    mCallbacks.mTxStarted(mInstance, mTransmitFrame);

    error = Request(SPINEL_CMD_PROP_VALUE_SET, SPINEL_PROP_STREAM_RAW,
                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S                                      // Frame data
                        SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S                                      // Channel
                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S                                  // MaxCsmaBackoffs
                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S                              // MaxFrameRetries
                                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S                           // CsmaCaEnabled
                                        SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S                       // IsHeaderUpdated
                                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S                   // IsARetx
                                                SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S               // IsSecurityProcessed
                                                    SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S         // TxDelay
                                                        SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S     // TxDelayBaseTime
                                                            SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, // RxChannelAfterTxDone
                    mTransmitFrame->mPsdu, mTransmitFrame->mLength, mTransmitFrame->mChannel,
                    mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mMaxCsmaBackoffs, mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mMaxFrameRetries,
                    mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mCsmaCaEnabled, mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIsHeaderUpdated,
                    mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIsARetx, mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mIsSecurityProcessed,
                    mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mTxDelay, mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mTxDelayBaseTime,
                    mTransmitFrame->mInfo.mTxInfo.mRxChannelAfterTxDone);

    if (error == OT_ERROR_NONE)
    {
        // Waiting for `TransmitDone` event.
        mState        = kStateTransmitting;
        mTxRadioEndUs = otPlatTimeGet() + kTxWaitUs;
        mChannel      = mTransmitFrame->mChannel;
    }

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Receive(uint8_t aChannel)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    EXPECT(mState != kStateDisabled, error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE);

    if (mChannel != aChannel)
    {
        error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CHAN, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, aChannel);
        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error);
        mChannel = aChannel;
    }

    if (mState == kStateSleep)
    {
        error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RAW_STREAM_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, true);
        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error);
    }

    if (mTxRadioTid != 0)
    {
        FreeTid(mTxRadioTid);
        mTxRadioTid = 0;
    }

    mState = kStateReceive;

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Sleep(void)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    switch (mState)
    {
    case kStateReceive:
        error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RAW_STREAM_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, false);
        EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error);

        mState = kStateSleep;
        break;

    case kStateSleep:
        break;

    default:
        error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
        break;
    }

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Enable(otInstance *aInstance)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    EXPECT(!IsEnabled(), NO_ACTION);

    mInstance = aInstance;

    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, true));
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_PANID, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, mPanId));
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_SADDR, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, mShortAddress));
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_RX_SENSITIVITY, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, &mRxSensitivity));

    mState = kStateSleep;

exit:
    if (error != OT_ERROR_NONE)
    {
        LogWarn("RadioSpinel enable: %s", otThreadErrorToString(error));
        error = OT_ERROR_FAILED;
    }

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::Disable(void)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    EXPECT(IsEnabled(), NO_ACTION);
    EXPECT(mState == kStateSleep, error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE);

    SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, false));
    mState    = kStateDisabled;
    mInstance = nullptr;

exit:
    return error;
}

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE
void RadioSpinel::SetDiagOutputCallback(otPlatDiagOutputCallback aCallback, void *aContext)
{
    mOutputCallback = aCallback;
    mOutputContext  = aContext;
}

void RadioSpinel::GetDiagOutputCallback(otPlatDiagOutputCallback &aCallback, void *&aContext)
{
    aCallback = mOutputCallback;
    aContext  = mOutputContext;
}

otError RadioSpinel::RadioSpinelDiagProcess(char *aArgs[], uint8_t aArgsLength)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    VerifyOrExit(aArgsLength > 1, error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);

    aArgs++;
    aArgsLength--;

    if (strcmp(aArgs[0], "buslatency") == 0)
    {
        if (aArgsLength == 1)
        {
            PlatDiagOutput("%lu\n", ToUlong(GetBusLatency()));
        }
        else if (aArgsLength == 2)
        {
            uint32_t busLatency;
            char    *endptr;

            busLatency = static_cast<uint32_t>(strtoul(aArgs[1], &endptr, 0));
            VerifyOrExit(*endptr == '\0', error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);

            SetBusLatency(busLatency);
        }
        else
        {
            error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS;
        }
    }

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::PlatDiagProcess(const char *aString)
{
    return Set(SPINEL_PROP_NEST_STREAM_MFG, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UTF8_S, aString);
}

void RadioSpinel::PlatDiagOutput(const char *aFormat, ...)
{
    va_list args;

    va_start(args, aFormat);

    if (mOutputCallback != nullptr)
    {
        mOutputCallback(aFormat, args, mOutputContext);
    }

    va_end(args);
}

#endif // OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_DIAG_ENABLE

uint32_t RadioSpinel::GetRadioChannelMask(bool aPreferred)
{
    uint8_t        maskBuffer[kChannelMaskBufferSize];
    otError        error       = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    uint32_t       channelMask = 0;
    const uint8_t *maskData    = maskBuffer;
    spinel_size_t  maskLength  = sizeof(maskBuffer);

    SuccessOrDie(Get(aPreferred ? SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CHAN_PREFERRED : SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CHAN_SUPPORTED,
                     SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_S, maskBuffer, &maskLength));

    while (maskLength > 0)
    {
        uint8_t        channel;
        spinel_ssize_t unpacked;

        unpacked = spinel_datatype_unpack(maskData, maskLength, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, &channel);
        EXPECT(unpacked > 0, error = OT_ERROR_FAILED);
        EXPECT(channel < kChannelMaskBufferSize, error = OT_ERROR_PARSE);
        channelMask |= (1UL << channel);

        maskData += unpacked;
        maskLength -= static_cast<spinel_size_t>(unpacked);
    }

    channelMask &= mMaxPowerTable.GetSupportedChannelMask();

exit:
    UpdateParseErrorCount(error);
    LogIfFail("Get radio channel mask failed", error);
    return channelMask;
}

otRadioState RadioSpinel::GetState(void) const
{
    static const otRadioState sOtRadioStateMap[] = {
        OT_RADIO_STATE_DISABLED, OT_RADIO_STATE_SLEEP,    OT_RADIO_STATE_RECEIVE,
        OT_RADIO_STATE_TRANSMIT, OT_RADIO_STATE_TRANSMIT,
    };

    return sOtRadioStateMap[mState];
}

void RadioSpinel::CalcRcpTimeOffset(void)
{
    otError        error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    uint64_t       localTxTimestamp;
    uint64_t       localRxTimestamp;
    uint64_t       remoteTimestamp = 0;
    uint8_t        buffer[sizeof(remoteTimestamp)];
    spinel_ssize_t packed;

    /*
     * Use a modified Network Time Protocol(NTP) to calculate the time offset
     * Assume the time offset is D so that local can calculate remote time with,
     *         T' = T + D
     * Where T is the local time and T' is the remote time.
     * The time offset is calculated using timestamp measured at local and remote.
     *
     *              T0  P    P T2
     *  local time --+----+----+--->
     *                \   |   ^
     *              get\  |  /is
     *                  v | /
     * remote time -------+--------->
     *                    T1'
     *
     * Based on the assumptions,
     * 1. If the propagation time(P) from local to remote and from remote to local are same.
     * 2. Both the host and RCP can accurately measure the time they send or receive a message.
     * The degree to which these assumptions hold true determines the accuracy of the offset.
     * Then,
     *         T1' = T0 + P + D and T1' = T2 - P + D
     * Time offset can be calculated with,
     *         D = T1' - ((T0 + T2)/ 2)
     */

    EXPECT(mTimeSyncOn, NO_ACTION);
    EXPECT(!mIsTimeSynced || (otPlatTimeGet() >= GetNextRadioTimeRecalcStart()), NO_ACTION);

    LogDebg("Trying to get RCP time offset");

    packed = spinel_datatype_pack(buffer, sizeof(buffer), SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT64_S, remoteTimestamp);
    EXPECT(packed > 0 && static_cast<size_t>(packed) <= sizeof(buffer), error = OT_ERROR_NO_BUFS);

    localTxTimestamp = otPlatTimeGet();

    // Dummy timestamp payload to make request length same as response
    error = GetWithParam(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_TIMESTAMP, buffer, static_cast<spinel_size_t>(packed),
                         SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT64_S, &remoteTimestamp);

    localRxTimestamp = otPlatTimeGet();

    EXPECT(error == OT_ERROR_NONE, mRadioTimeRecalcStart = localRxTimestamp);

    mRadioTimeOffset      = (remoteTimestamp - ((localRxTimestamp / 2) + (localTxTimestamp / 2)));
    mIsTimeSynced         = true;
    mRadioTimeRecalcStart = localRxTimestamp + OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_TIME_SYNC_INTERVAL;

exit:
    LogIfFail("Error calculating RCP time offset: %s", error);
}

uint64_t RadioSpinel::GetNow(void) { return (mIsTimeSynced) ? (otPlatTimeGet() + mRadioTimeOffset) : UINT64_MAX; }

uint32_t RadioSpinel::GetBusSpeed(void) const { return GetSpinelDriver().GetSpinelInterface()->GetBusSpeed(); }

uint32_t RadioSpinel::GetBusLatency(void) const { return mBusLatency; }

void RadioSpinel::SetBusLatency(uint32_t aBusLatency)
{
    mBusLatency = aBusLatency;

    if (IsEnabled() && mCallbacks.mBusLatencyChanged != nullptr)
    {
        mCallbacks.mBusLatencyChanged(mInstance);
    }
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleRcpUnexpectedReset(spinel_status_t aStatus)
{
    OT_UNUSED_VARIABLE(aStatus);

    mRadioSpinelMetrics.mRcpUnexpectedResetCount++;
    LogCrit("Unexpected RCP reset: %s", spinel_status_to_cstr(aStatus));

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mRcpFailure = kRcpFailureUnexpectedReset;
#elif OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_ABORT_ON_UNEXPECTED_RCP_RESET_ENABLE
    abort();
#else
    DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_RESET);
#endif
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleRcpTimeout(void)
{
    mRadioSpinelMetrics.mRcpTimeoutCount++;

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    mRcpFailure = kRcpFailureTimeout;
#else
    LogCrit("Failed to communicate with RCP - no response from RCP during initialization");
    LogCrit("This is not a bug and typically due a config error (wrong URL parameters) or bad RCP image:");
    LogCrit("- Make sure RCP is running the correct firmware");
    LogCrit("- Double check the config parameters passed as `RadioURL` input");

    DieNow(OT_EXIT_RADIO_SPINEL_NO_RESPONSE);
#endif
}

void RadioSpinel::RecoverFromRcpFailure(void)
{
#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
    constexpr int16_t kMaxFailureCount = OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT;
    State             recoveringState  = mState;
    bool              skipReset        = false;

    if (mRcpFailure == kRcpFailureNone)
    {
        EXIT_NOW();
    }

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MULTIPAN_RCP_ENABLE
    skipReset = (mRcpFailure == kRcpFailureUnexpectedReset);
#endif

    mRcpFailure = kRcpFailureNone;

    LogWarn("RCP failure detected");

    ++mRadioSpinelMetrics.mRcpRestorationCount;
    ++mRcpFailureCount;
    if (mRcpFailureCount > kMaxFailureCount)
    {
        LogCrit("Too many rcp failures, exiting");
        DieNow(OT_EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    LogWarn("Trying to recover (%d/%d)", mRcpFailureCount, kMaxFailureCount);

    mState = kStateDisabled;

    GetSpinelDriver().ClearRxBuffer();
    if (skipReset)
    {
        GetSpinelDriver().SetCoprocessorReady();
    }
    else
    {
        GetSpinelDriver().ResetCoprocessor(mResetRadioOnStartup);
    }

    mCmdTidsInUse = 0;
    mCmdNextTid   = 1;
    mTxRadioTid   = 0;
    mWaitingTid   = 0;
    mError        = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    mIsTimeSynced = false;

    SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, true));
    mState = kStateSleep;

    RestoreProperties();

    switch (recoveringState)
    {
    case kStateDisabled:
        mState = kStateDisabled;
        break;
    case kStateSleep:
        break;
    case kStateReceive:
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MULTIPAN_RCP_ENABLE
        // In case multiple PANs are running, don't force RCP to receive state.
        IGNORE_RETURN(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RAW_STREAM_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, true));
#else
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RAW_STREAM_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, true));
#endif
        mState = kStateReceive;
        break;
    case kStateTransmitting:
    case kStateTransmitDone:
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MULTIPAN_RCP_ENABLE
        // In case multiple PANs are running, don't force RCP to receive state.
        IGNORE_RETURN(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RAW_STREAM_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, true));
#else
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RAW_STREAM_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, true));
#endif
        mTxError = OT_ERROR_ABORT;
        mState   = kStateTransmitDone;
        break;
    }

    if (mEnergyScanning)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(EnergyScan(mScanChannel, mScanDuration));
    }

    --mRcpFailureCount;

    if (sSupportsLogCrashDump)
    {
        LogDebg("RCP supports crash dump logging. Requesting crash dump.");
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_LOG_CRASH_DUMP, nullptr));
    }

    LogNote("RCP recovery is done");

exit:
    return;
#endif // OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleReceivedFrame(const uint8_t *aFrame,
                                      uint16_t       aLength,
                                      uint8_t        aHeader,
                                      bool          &aSave,
                                      void          *aContext)
{
    static_cast<RadioSpinel *>(aContext)->HandleReceivedFrame(aFrame, aLength, aHeader, aSave);
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleReceivedFrame(const uint8_t *aFrame, uint16_t aLength, uint8_t aHeader, bool &aShouldSaveFrame)
{
    if (SPINEL_HEADER_GET_TID(aHeader) == 0)
    {
        HandleNotification(aFrame, aLength, aShouldSaveFrame);
    }
    else
    {
        HandleResponse(aFrame, aLength);
        aShouldSaveFrame = false;
    }
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleSavedFrame(const uint8_t *aFrame, uint16_t aLength, void *aContext)
{
    static_cast<RadioSpinel *>(aContext)->HandleSavedFrame(aFrame, aLength);
}

void RadioSpinel::HandleSavedFrame(const uint8_t *aFrame, uint16_t aLength) { HandleNotification(aFrame, aLength); }

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0
void RadioSpinel::RestoreProperties(void)
{
    SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_PANID, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, mPanId));
    SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_SADDR, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, mShortAddress));
    SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_15_4_LADDR, SPINEL_DATATYPE_EUI64_S, mExtendedAddress.m8));
#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MULTIPAN_RCP_ENABLE
    // In case multiple PANs are running, don't force RCP to change channel.
    IGNORE_RETURN(Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CHAN, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, mChannel));
#else
    SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CHAN, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, mChannel));
#endif

    if (mMacKeySet)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_MAC_KEY,
                         SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S
                             SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S,
                         mKeyIdMode, mKeyId, mPrevKey.m8, sizeof(otMacKey), mCurrKey.m8, sizeof(otMacKey), mNextKey.m8,
                         sizeof(otMacKey)));
    }

    if (mMacFrameCounterSet)
    {
        // There is a chance that radio/RCP has used some counters after otLinkGetFrameCounter() (for enh ack) and they
        // are in queue to be sent to host (not yet processed by host RadioSpinel). Here we add some guard jump
        // when we restore the frame counter.
        // Consider the worst case: the radio/RCP continuously receives the shortest data frame and replies with the
        // shortest enhanced ACK. The radio/RCP consumes at most 992 frame counters during the timeout time.
        // The frame counter guard is set to 1000 which should ensure that the restored frame counter is unused.
        //
        // DataFrame: 6(PhyHeader) + 2(Fcf) + 1(Seq) + 6(AddrInfo) + 6(SecHeader) + 1(Payload) + 4(Mic) + 2(Fcs) = 28
        // AckFrame : 6(PhyHeader) + 2(Fcf) + 1(Seq) + 6(AddrInfo) + 6(SecHeader) + 2(Ie) + 4(Mic) + 2(Fcs) = 29
        // CounterGuard: 2000ms(Timeout) / [(28bytes(Data) + 29bytes(Ack)) * 32us/byte + 192us(Ifs)] = 992
        static constexpr uint16_t kFrameCounterGuard = 1000;

        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_MAC_FRAME_COUNTER, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT32_S,
                         otLinkGetFrameCounter(mInstance) + kFrameCounterGuard));
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < mSrcMatchShortEntryCount; ++i)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(
            Insert(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_SHORT_ADDRESSES, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, mSrcMatchShortEntries[i]));
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < mSrcMatchExtEntryCount; ++i)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(
            Insert(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_EXTENDED_ADDRESSES, SPINEL_DATATYPE_EUI64_S, mSrcMatchExtEntries[i].m8));
    }

    if (mSrcMatchSet)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_SRC_MATCH_ENABLED, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, mSrcMatchEnabled));
    }

    if (mCcaEnergyDetectThresholdSet)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CCA_THRESHOLD, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, mCcaEnergyDetectThreshold));
    }

    if (mTransmitPowerSet)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_TX_POWER, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, mTransmitPower));
    }

    if (mCoexEnabledSet)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_RADIO_COEX_ENABLE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, mCoexEnabled));
    }

    if (mFemLnaGainSet)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_FEM_LNA_GAIN, SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, mFemLnaGain));
    }

#if OPENTHREAD_POSIX_CONFIG_MAX_POWER_TABLE_ENABLE
    for (uint8_t channel = Radio::kChannelMin; channel <= Radio::kChannelMax; channel++)
    {
        int8_t power = mMaxPowerTable.GetTransmitPower(channel);

        if (power != OT_RADIO_POWER_INVALID)
        {
            // Some old RCPs doesn't support max transmit power
            otError error = SetChannelMaxTransmitPower(channel, power);

            if (error != OT_ERROR_NONE && error != OT_ERROR_NOT_FOUND)
            {
                DieNow(OT_EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        }
    }
#endif // OPENTHREAD_POSIX_CONFIG_MAX_POWER_TABLE_ENABLE

    if ((sRadioCaps & OT_RADIO_CAPS_RX_ON_WHEN_IDLE) != 0)
    {
        SuccessOrDie(Set(SPINEL_PROP_MAC_RX_ON_WHEN_IDLE_MODE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_BOOL_S, mRxOnWhenIdle));
    }

#if OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_VENDOR_HOOK_ENABLE
    if (mVendorRestorePropertiesCallback)
    {
        mVendorRestorePropertiesCallback(mVendorRestorePropertiesContext);
    }
#endif

    if (mTimeSyncEnabled)
    {
        CalcRcpTimeOffset();
    }
}
#endif // OPENTHREAD_SPINEL_CONFIG_RCP_RESTORATION_MAX_COUNT > 0

otError RadioSpinel::GetMultipanActiveInterface(spinel_iid_t *aIid)
{
    otError error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_MULTIPAN_ACTIVE_INTERFACE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, aIid);
    LogIfFail("Get GetMultipanActiveInterface failed", error);
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetMultipanActiveInterface(spinel_iid_t aIid, bool aCompletePending)
{
    otError error;
    uint8_t value;

    EXPECT(aIid == (aIid & SPINEL_MULTIPAN_INTERFACE_ID_MASK), error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);

    value = static_cast<uint8_t>(aIid);
    if (aCompletePending)
    {
        value |= (1 << SPINEL_MULTIPAN_INTERFACE_SOFT_SWITCH_SHIFT);
    }

    error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_MULTIPAN_ACTIVE_INTERFACE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, value);

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetChannelMaxTransmitPower(uint8_t aChannel, int8_t aMaxPower)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    EXPECT(aChannel >= Radio::kChannelMin && aChannel <= Radio::kChannelMax, error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
    mMaxPowerTable.SetTransmitPower(aChannel, aMaxPower);
    error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CHAN_MAX_POWER, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT8_S, aChannel, aMaxPower);

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::SetRadioRegion(uint16_t aRegionCode)
{
    otError error;

    error = Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_REGION_CODE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, aRegionCode);

    if (error == OT_ERROR_NONE)
    {
        LogNote("Set region code \"%c%c\" successfully", static_cast<char>(aRegionCode >> 8),
                static_cast<char>(aRegionCode));
    }
    else
    {
        LogWarn("Failed to set region code \"%c%c\": %s", static_cast<char>(aRegionCode >> 8),
                static_cast<char>(aRegionCode), otThreadErrorToString(error));
    }

    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::GetRadioRegion(uint16_t *aRegionCode)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;

    EXPECT(aRegionCode != nullptr, error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
    error = Get(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_REGION_CODE, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S, aRegionCode);

exit:
    return error;
}

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MLE_LINK_METRICS_SUBJECT_ENABLE
otError RadioSpinel::ConfigureEnhAckProbing(otLinkMetrics         aLinkMetrics,
                                            const otShortAddress &aShortAddress,
                                            const otExtAddress   &aExtAddress)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    uint8_t flags = 0;

    if (aLinkMetrics.mPduCount)
    {
        flags |= SPINEL_THREAD_LINK_METRIC_PDU_COUNT;
    }

    if (aLinkMetrics.mLqi)
    {
        flags |= SPINEL_THREAD_LINK_METRIC_LQI;
    }

    if (aLinkMetrics.mLinkMargin)
    {
        flags |= SPINEL_THREAD_LINK_METRIC_LINK_MARGIN;
    }

    if (aLinkMetrics.mRssi)
    {
        flags |= SPINEL_THREAD_LINK_METRIC_RSSI;
    }

    error =
        Set(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_ENH_ACK_PROBING, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT16_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_EUI64_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S,
            aShortAddress, aExtAddress.m8, flags);

    return error;
}
#endif

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MAC_CSL_RECEIVER_ENABLE || OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MAC_CSL_TRANSMITTER_ENABLE
uint8_t RadioSpinel::GetCslAccuracy(void)
{
    uint8_t accuracy = UINT8_MAX;
    otError error    = Get(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_CSL_ACCURACY, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, &accuracy);

    LogIfFail("Get CSL Accuracy failed", error);
    return accuracy;
}
#endif

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_MAC_CSL_TRANSMITTER_ENABLE
uint8_t RadioSpinel::GetCslUncertainty(void)
{
    uint8_t uncertainty = UINT8_MAX;
    otError error       = Get(SPINEL_PROP_RCP_CSL_UNCERTAINTY, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S, &uncertainty);

    LogIfFail("Get CSL Uncertainty failed", error);
    return uncertainty;
}
#endif

#if OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_POWER_CALIBRATION_ENABLE
otError RadioSpinel::AddCalibratedPower(uint8_t        aChannel,
                                        int16_t        aActualPower,
                                        const uint8_t *aRawPowerSetting,
                                        uint16_t       aRawPowerSettingLength)
{
    otError error;

    assert(aRawPowerSetting != nullptr);
    EXPECT_NO_ERROR(error = Insert(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CALIBRATED_POWER,
                                   SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT16_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_DATA_WLEN_S,
                                   aChannel, aActualPower, aRawPowerSetting, aRawPowerSettingLength));

exit:
    return error;
}

otError RadioSpinel::ClearCalibratedPowers(void) { return Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CALIBRATED_POWER, nullptr); }

otError RadioSpinel::SetChannelTargetPower(uint8_t aChannel, int16_t aTargetPower)
{
    otError error = OT_ERROR_NONE;
    EXPECT(aChannel >= Radio::kChannelMin && aChannel <= Radio::kChannelMax, error = OT_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
    error =
        Set(SPINEL_PROP_PHY_CHAN_TARGET_POWER, SPINEL_DATATYPE_UINT8_S SPINEL_DATATYPE_INT16_S, aChannel, aTargetPower);

exit:
    return error;
}
#endif // OPENTHREAD_CONFIG_PLATFORM_POWER_CALIBRATION_ENABLE

} // namespace Spinel
} // namespace ot