1*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain 2*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain /* @(#)e_acos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */ 3*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain /* 4*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * ==================================================== 5*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * 7*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business. 8*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this 9*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * software is freely granted, provided that this notice 10*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * is preserved. 11*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * ==================================================== 12*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain */ 13*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain 14*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain /* __ieee754_acos(x) 15*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * Method : 16*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * acos(x) = pi/2 - ieee_asin(x) 17*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * acos(-x) = pi/2 + ieee_asin(x) 18*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * For |x|<=0.5 19*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * acos(x) = pi/2 - (x + x*x^2*R(x^2)) (see asin.c) 20*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * For x>0.5 21*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * acos(x) = pi/2 - (pi/2 - 2asin(ieee_sqrt((1-x)/2))) 22*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * = 2asin(ieee_sqrt((1-x)/2)) 23*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * = 2s + 2s*z*R(z) ...z=(1-x)/2, s=ieee_sqrt(z) 24*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * = 2f + (2c + 2s*z*R(z)) 25*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * where f=hi part of s, and c = (z-f*f)/(s+f) is the correction term 26*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * for f so that f+c ~ ieee_sqrt(z). 27*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * For x<-0.5 28*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * acos(x) = pi - 2asin(ieee_sqrt((1-|x|)/2)) 29*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * = pi - 0.5*(s+s*z*R(z)), where z=(1-|x|)/2,s=ieee_sqrt(z) 30*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * 31*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * Special cases: 32*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * if x is NaN, return x itself; 33*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal. 34*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * 35*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain * Function needed: sqrt 36*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain */ 37*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain 38*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain #include "fdlibm.h" 39*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain 40*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain #ifdef __STDC__ 41*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain static const double 42*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain #else 43*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain static double 44*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain #endif 45*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain one= 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */ 46*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */ 47*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */ 48*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */ 49*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */ 50*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */ 51*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */ 52*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */ 53*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */ 54*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */ 55*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */ 56*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */ 57*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */ 58*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */ 59*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain 60*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain #ifdef __STDC__ __ieee754_acos(double x)61*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain double __ieee754_acos(double x) 62*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain #else 63*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain double __ieee754_acos(x) 64*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain double x; 65*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain #endif 66*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain { 67*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain double z,p,q,r,w,s,c,df; 68*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain int hx,ix; 69*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain hx = __HI(x); 70*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain ix = hx&0x7fffffff; 71*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain if(ix>=0x3ff00000) { /* |x| >= 1 */ 72*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|__LO(x))==0) { /* |x|==1 */ 73*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain if(hx>0) return 0.0; /* ieee_acos(1) = 0 */ 74*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain else return pi+2.0*pio2_lo; /* ieee_acos(-1)= pi */ 75*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain } 76*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain return (x-x)/(x-x); /* ieee_acos(|x|>1) is NaN */ 77*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain } 78*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x| < 0.5 */ 79*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain if(ix<=0x3c600000) return pio2_hi+pio2_lo;/*if|x|<2**-57*/ 80*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain z = x*x; 81*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5))))); 82*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4))); 83*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain r = p/q; 84*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain return pio2_hi - (x - (pio2_lo-x*r)); 85*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain } else if (hx<0) { /* x < -0.5 */ 86*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain z = (one+x)*0.5; 87*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5))))); 88*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4))); 89*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain s = ieee_sqrt(z); 90*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain r = p/q; 91*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain w = r*s-pio2_lo; 92*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain return pi - 2.0*(s+w); 93*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain } else { /* x > 0.5 */ 94*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain z = (one-x)*0.5; 95*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain s = ieee_sqrt(z); 96*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain df = s; 97*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain __LO(df) = 0; 98*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain c = (z-df*df)/(s+df); 99*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5))))); 100*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4))); 101*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain r = p/q; 102*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain w = r*s+c; 103*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain return 2.0*(df+w); 104*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain } 105*1e651e1eSRoland Levillain } 106