cache/dcache/DCacheWrapper.scala

/***************************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
* Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Peng Cheng Laboratory
*
* XiangShan is licensed under Mulan PSL v2.
* You can use this software according to the terms and conditions of the Mulan PSL v2.
* You may obtain a copy of Mulan PSL v2 at:
*          http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND,
* EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO NON-INFRINGEMENT,
* MERCHANTABILITY OR FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* See the Mulan PSL v2 for more details.
***************************************************************************************/

package xiangshan.cache

import chipsalliance.rocketchip.config.Parameters
import chisel3._
import chisel3.experimental.ExtModule
import chisel3.util._
import xiangshan._
import utils._
import freechips.rocketchip.diplomacy.{IdRange, LazyModule, LazyModuleImp, TransferSizes}
import freechips.rocketchip.tilelink._
import freechips.rocketchip.util.{BundleFieldBase, UIntToOH1}
import device.RAMHelper
import huancun.{AliasField, AliasKey, DirtyField, PreferCacheField, PrefetchField}
import huancun.utils.FastArbiter
import mem.{AddPipelineReg}

import scala.math.max

// DCache specific parameters
case class DCacheParameters
(
  nSets: Int = 256,
  nWays: Int = 8,
  rowBits: Int = 64,
  tagECC: Option[String] = None,
  dataECC: Option[String] = None,
  replacer: Option[String] = Some("setplru"),
  nMissEntries: Int = 1,
  nProbeEntries: Int = 1,
  nReleaseEntries: Int = 1,
  nMMIOEntries: Int = 1,
  nMMIOs: Int = 1,
  blockBytes: Int = 64,
  alwaysReleaseData: Boolean = true
) extends L1CacheParameters {
  // if sets * blockBytes > 4KB(page size),
  // cache alias will happen,
  // we need to avoid this by recoding additional bits in L2 cache
  val setBytes = nSets * blockBytes
  val aliasBitsOpt = if(setBytes > pageSize) Some(log2Ceil(setBytes / pageSize)) else None
  val reqFields: Seq[BundleFieldBase] = Seq(
    PrefetchField(),
    PreferCacheField()
  ) ++ aliasBitsOpt.map(AliasField)
  val echoFields: Seq[BundleFieldBase] = Seq(DirtyField())

  def tagCode: Code = Code.fromString(tagECC)

  def dataCode: Code = Code.fromString(dataECC)
}

//           Physical Address
// --------------------------------------
// |   Physical Tag |  PIndex  | Offset |
// --------------------------------------
//                  |
//                  DCacheTagOffset
//
//           Virtual Address
// --------------------------------------
// | Above index  | Set | Bank | Offset |
// --------------------------------------
//                |     |      |        |
//                |     |      |        0
//                |     |      DCacheBankOffset
//                |     DCacheSetOffset
//                DCacheAboveIndexOffset

// Default DCache size = 64 sets * 8 ways * 8 banks * 8 Byte = 32K Byte

trait HasDCacheParameters extends HasL1CacheParameters {
  val cacheParams = dcacheParameters
  val cfg = cacheParams

  def encWordBits = cacheParams.dataCode.width(wordBits)

  def encRowBits = encWordBits * rowWords // for DuplicatedDataArray only
  def eccBits = encWordBits - wordBits

  def encTagBits = cacheParams.tagCode.width(tagBits)
  def eccTagBits = encTagBits - tagBits

  def blockProbeAfterGrantCycles = 8 // give the processor some time to issue a request after a grant

  def nSourceType = 3
  def sourceTypeWidth = log2Up(nSourceType)
  def LOAD_SOURCE = 0
  def STORE_SOURCE = 1
  def AMO_SOURCE = 2
  def SOFT_PREFETCH = 3

  // each source use a id to distinguish its multiple reqs
  def reqIdWidth = log2Up(nEntries) max log2Up(StoreBufferSize)

  require(isPow2(cfg.nMissEntries)) // TODO
  // require(isPow2(cfg.nReleaseEntries))
  require(cfg.nMissEntries < cfg.nReleaseEntries)
  val nEntries = cfg.nMissEntries + cfg.nReleaseEntries
  val releaseIdBase = cfg.nMissEntries

  // banked dcache support
  val DCacheSets = cacheParams.nSets
  val DCacheWays = cacheParams.nWays
  val DCacheBanks = 8 // hardcoded
  val DCacheSRAMRowBits = cacheParams.rowBits // hardcoded
  val DCacheWordBits = 64 // hardcoded
  val DCacheWordBytes = DCacheWordBits / 8
  require(DCacheSRAMRowBits == 64)

  val DCacheSizeBits = DCacheSRAMRowBits * DCacheBanks * DCacheWays * DCacheSets
  val DCacheSizeBytes = DCacheSizeBits / 8
  val DCacheSizeWords = DCacheSizeBits / 64 // TODO

  val DCacheSameVPAddrLength = 12

  val DCacheSRAMRowBytes = DCacheSRAMRowBits / 8
  val DCacheWordOffset = log2Up(DCacheWordBytes)

  val DCacheBankOffset = log2Up(DCacheSRAMRowBytes)
  val DCacheSetOffset = DCacheBankOffset + log2Up(DCacheBanks)
  val DCacheAboveIndexOffset = DCacheSetOffset + log2Up(DCacheSets)
  val DCacheTagOffset = DCacheAboveIndexOffset min DCacheSameVPAddrLength
  val DCacheLineOffset = DCacheSetOffset

  def addr_to_dcache_bank(addr: UInt) = {
    require(addr.getWidth >= DCacheSetOffset)
    addr(DCacheSetOffset-1, DCacheBankOffset)
  }

  def addr_to_dcache_set(addr: UInt) = {
    require(addr.getWidth >= DCacheAboveIndexOffset)
    addr(DCacheAboveIndexOffset-1, DCacheSetOffset)
  }

  def get_data_of_bank(bank: Int, data: UInt) = {
    require(data.getWidth >= (bank+1)*DCacheSRAMRowBits)
    data(DCacheSRAMRowBits * (bank + 1) - 1, DCacheSRAMRowBits * bank)
  }

  def get_mask_of_bank(bank: Int, data: UInt) = {
    require(data.getWidth >= (bank+1)*DCacheSRAMRowBytes)
    data(DCacheSRAMRowBytes * (bank + 1) - 1, DCacheSRAMRowBytes * bank)
  }

  def arbiter[T <: Bundle](
    in: Seq[DecoupledIO[T]],
    out: DecoupledIO[T],
    name: Option[String] = None): Unit = {
    val arb = Module(new Arbiter[T](chiselTypeOf(out.bits), in.size))
    if (name.nonEmpty) { arb.suggestName(s"${name.get}_arb") }
    for ((a, req) <- arb.io.in.zip(in)) {
      a <> req
    }
    out <> arb.io.out
  }

  def arbiter_with_pipereg[T <: Bundle](
    in: Seq[DecoupledIO[T]],
    out: DecoupledIO[T],
    name: Option[String] = None): Unit = {
    val arb = Module(new Arbiter[T](chiselTypeOf(out.bits), in.size))
    if (name.nonEmpty) { arb.suggestName(s"${name.get}_arb") }
    for ((a, req) <- arb.io.in.zip(in)) {
      a <> req
    }
    AddPipelineReg(arb.io.out, out, false.B)
  }

  def arbiter_with_pipereg_N_dup[T <: Bundle](
    in: Seq[DecoupledIO[T]],
    out: DecoupledIO[T],
    dups: Seq[DecoupledIO[T]],
    name: Option[String] = None): Unit = {
    val arb = Module(new Arbiter[T](chiselTypeOf(out.bits), in.size))
    if (name.nonEmpty) { arb.suggestName(s"${name.get}_arb") }
    for ((a, req) <- arb.io.in.zip(in)) {
      a <> req
    }
    for (dup <- dups) {
      AddPipelineReg(arb.io.out, dup, false.B)
    }
    AddPipelineReg(arb.io.out, out, false.B)
  }

  def rrArbiter[T <: Bundle](
    in: Seq[DecoupledIO[T]],
    out: DecoupledIO[T],
    name: Option[String] = None): Unit = {
    val arb = Module(new RRArbiter[T](chiselTypeOf(out.bits), in.size))
    if (name.nonEmpty) { arb.suggestName(s"${name.get}_arb") }
    for ((a, req) <- arb.io.in.zip(in)) {
      a <> req
    }
    out <> arb.io.out
  }

  def fastArbiter[T <: Bundle](
    in: Seq[DecoupledIO[T]],
    out: DecoupledIO[T],
    name: Option[String] = None): Unit = {
    val arb = Module(new FastArbiter[T](chiselTypeOf(out.bits), in.size))
    if (name.nonEmpty) { arb.suggestName(s"${name.get}_arb") }
    for ((a, req) <- arb.io.in.zip(in)) {
      a <> req
    }
    out <> arb.io.out
  }

  val numReplaceRespPorts = 2

  require(isPow2(nSets), s"nSets($nSets) must be pow2")
  require(isPow2(nWays), s"nWays($nWays) must be pow2")
  require(full_divide(rowBits, wordBits), s"rowBits($rowBits) must be multiple of wordBits($wordBits)")
  require(full_divide(beatBits, rowBits), s"beatBits($beatBits) must be multiple of rowBits($rowBits)")
}

abstract class DCacheModule(implicit p: Parameters) extends L1CacheModule
  with HasDCacheParameters

abstract class DCacheBundle(implicit p: Parameters) extends L1CacheBundle
  with HasDCacheParameters

class ReplacementAccessBundle(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle {
  val set = UInt(log2Up(nSets).W)
  val way = UInt(log2Up(nWays).W)
}

class ReplacementWayReqIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle {
  val set = ValidIO(UInt(log2Up(nSets).W))
  val way = Input(UInt(log2Up(nWays).W))
}

// memory request in word granularity(load, mmio, lr/sc, atomics)
class DCacheWordReq(implicit p: Parameters)  extends DCacheBundle
{
  val cmd    = UInt(M_SZ.W)
  val addr   = UInt(PAddrBits.W)
  val data   = UInt(DataBits.W)
  val mask   = UInt((DataBits/8).W)
  val id     = UInt(reqIdWidth.W)
  val instrtype   = UInt(sourceTypeWidth.W)
  def dump() = {
    XSDebug("DCacheWordReq: cmd: %x addr: %x data: %x mask: %x id: %d\n",
      cmd, addr, data, mask, id)
  }
}

// memory request in word granularity(store)
class DCacheLineReq(implicit p: Parameters)  extends DCacheBundle
{
  val cmd    = UInt(M_SZ.W)
  val vaddr  = UInt(VAddrBits.W)
  val addr   = UInt(PAddrBits.W)
  val data   = UInt((cfg.blockBytes * 8).W)
  val mask   = UInt(cfg.blockBytes.W)
  val id     = UInt(reqIdWidth.W)
  def dump() = {
    XSDebug("DCacheLineReq: cmd: %x addr: %x data: %x mask: %x id: %d\n",
      cmd, addr, data, mask, id)
  }
  def idx: UInt = get_idx(vaddr)
}

class DCacheWordReqWithVaddr(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheWordReq {
  val vaddr = UInt(VAddrBits.W)
  val wline = Bool()
}

class BaseDCacheWordResp(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val data         = UInt(DataBits.W)
  val id     = UInt(reqIdWidth.W)

  // cache req missed, send it to miss queue
  val miss   = Bool()
  // cache miss, and failed to enter the missqueue, replay from RS is needed
  val replay = Bool()
  // data has been corrupted
  val tag_error = Bool() // tag error
  def dump() = {
    XSDebug("DCacheWordResp: data: %x id: %d miss: %b replay: %b\n",
      data, id, miss, replay)
  }
}

class DCacheWordResp(implicit p: Parameters) extends BaseDCacheWordResp
{
  // 1 cycle after data resp
  val error_delayed = Bool() // all kinds of errors, include tag error
  val data_dup_0 = UInt(DataBits.W)
}

class DCacheWordRespWithError(implicit p: Parameters) extends BaseDCacheWordResp
{
  val error = Bool() // all kinds of errors, include tag error
}

class DCacheLineResp(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val data   = UInt((cfg.blockBytes * 8).W)
  // cache req missed, send it to miss queue
  val miss   = Bool()
  // cache req nacked, replay it later
  val replay = Bool()
  val id     = UInt(reqIdWidth.W)
  def dump() = {
    XSDebug("DCacheLineResp: data: %x id: %d miss: %b replay: %b\n",
      data, id, miss, replay)
  }
}

class Refill(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val addr   = UInt(PAddrBits.W)
  val data   = UInt(l1BusDataWidth.W)
  val error  = Bool() // refilled data has been corrupted
  // for debug usage
  val data_raw = UInt((cfg.blockBytes * 8).W)
  val hasdata = Bool()
  val refill_done = Bool()
  def dump() = {
    XSDebug("Refill: addr: %x data: %x\n", addr, data)
  }
}

class Release(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val paddr  = UInt(PAddrBits.W)
  def dump() = {
    XSDebug("Release: paddr: %x\n", paddr(PAddrBits-1, DCacheTagOffset))
  }
}

class DCacheWordIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val req  = DecoupledIO(new DCacheWordReq)
  val resp = Flipped(DecoupledIO(new DCacheWordResp))
}

class UncacheWordIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val req  = DecoupledIO(new DCacheWordReq)
  val resp = Flipped(DecoupledIO(new DCacheWordRespWithError))
}

class AtomicsResp(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle {
  val data    = UInt(DataBits.W)
  val miss    = Bool()
  val miss_id = UInt(log2Up(cfg.nMissEntries).W)
  val replay  = Bool()
  val error   = Bool()

  val ack_miss_queue = Bool()

  val id     = UInt(reqIdWidth.W)
}

class AtomicWordIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val req  = DecoupledIO(new MainPipeReq)
  val resp = Flipped(ValidIO(new AtomicsResp))
  val block_lr = Input(Bool())
}

// used by load unit
class DCacheLoadIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheWordIO
{
  // kill previous cycle's req
  val s1_kill  = Output(Bool())
  val s2_kill  = Output(Bool())
  // cycle 0: virtual address: req.addr
  // cycle 1: physical address: s1_paddr
  val s1_paddr_dup_lsu = Output(UInt(PAddrBits.W)) // lsu side paddr
  val s1_paddr_dup_dcache = Output(UInt(PAddrBits.W)) // dcache side paddr
  val s1_disable_fast_wakeup = Input(Bool())
  val s1_bank_conflict = Input(Bool())
  // cycle 2: hit signal
  val s2_hit = Input(Bool()) // hit signal for lsu,

  // debug
  val debug_s1_hit_way = Input(UInt(nWays.W))
}

class DCacheLineIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle
{
  val req  = DecoupledIO(new DCacheLineReq)
  val resp = Flipped(DecoupledIO(new DCacheLineResp))
}

class DCacheToSbufferIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle {
  // sbuffer will directly send request to dcache main pipe
  val req = Flipped(Decoupled(new DCacheLineReq))

  val main_pipe_hit_resp = ValidIO(new DCacheLineResp)
  val refill_hit_resp = ValidIO(new DCacheLineResp)

  val replay_resp = ValidIO(new DCacheLineResp)

  def hit_resps: Seq[ValidIO[DCacheLineResp]] = Seq(main_pipe_hit_resp, refill_hit_resp)
}

class DCacheToLsuIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle {
  val load  = Vec(LoadPipelineWidth, Flipped(new DCacheLoadIO)) // for speculative load
  val lsq = ValidIO(new Refill)  // refill to load queue, wake up load misses
  val store = new DCacheToSbufferIO // for sbuffer
  val atomics  = Flipped(new AtomicWordIO)  // atomics reqs
  val release = ValidIO(new Release) // cacheline release hint for ld-ld violation check
}

class DCacheIO(implicit p: Parameters) extends DCacheBundle {
  val hartId = Input(UInt(8.W))
  val lsu = new DCacheToLsuIO
  val csr = new L1CacheToCsrIO
  val error = new L1CacheErrorInfo
  val mshrFull = Output(Bool())
}


class DCache()(implicit p: Parameters) extends LazyModule with HasDCacheParameters {

  val clientParameters = TLMasterPortParameters.v1(
    Seq(TLMasterParameters.v1(
      name = "dcache",
      sourceId = IdRange(0, nEntries + 1),
      supportsProbe = TransferSizes(cfg.blockBytes)
    )),
    requestFields = cacheParams.reqFields,
    echoFields = cacheParams.echoFields
  )

  val clientNode = TLClientNode(Seq(clientParameters))

  lazy val module = new DCacheImp(this)
}


class DCacheImp(outer: DCache) extends LazyModuleImp(outer) with HasDCacheParameters with HasPerfEvents {

  val io = IO(new DCacheIO)

  val (bus, edge) = outer.clientNode.out.head
  require(bus.d.bits.data.getWidth == l1BusDataWidth, "DCache: tilelink width does not match")

  println("DCache:")
  println("  DCacheSets: " + DCacheSets)
  println("  DCacheWays: " + DCacheWays)
  println("  DCacheBanks: " + DCacheBanks)
  println("  DCacheSRAMRowBits: " + DCacheSRAMRowBits)
  println("  DCacheWordOffset: " + DCacheWordOffset)
  println("  DCacheBankOffset: " + DCacheBankOffset)
  println("  DCacheSetOffset: " + DCacheSetOffset)
  println("  DCacheTagOffset: " + DCacheTagOffset)
  println("  DCacheAboveIndexOffset: " + DCacheAboveIndexOffset)

  //----------------------------------------
  // core data structures
  val bankedDataArray = Module(new BankedDataArray)
  val metaArray = Module(new AsynchronousMetaArray(readPorts = LoadPipelineWidth + 1, writePorts = 2))
  val errorArray = Module(new ErrorArray(readPorts = LoadPipelineWidth + 1, writePorts = 2)) // TODO: add it to meta array
  val tagArray = Module(new DuplicatedTagArray(readPorts = LoadPipelineWidth + 1))
  bankedDataArray.dump()

  //----------------------------------------
  // core modules
  val ldu = Seq.tabulate(LoadPipelineWidth)({ i => Module(new LoadPipe(i))})
  // val atomicsReplayUnit = Module(new AtomicsReplayEntry)
  val mainPipe   = Module(new MainPipe)
  val refillPipe = Module(new RefillPipe)
  val missQueue  = Module(new MissQueue(edge))
  val probeQueue = Module(new ProbeQueue(edge))
  val wb         = Module(new WritebackQueue(edge))

  missQueue.io.hartId := io.hartId

  val errors = ldu.map(_.io.error) ++ // load error
    Seq(mainPipe.io.error) // store / misc error
  io.error <> RegNext(Mux1H(errors.map(e => RegNext(e.valid) -> RegNext(e))))

  //----------------------------------------
  // meta array
  val meta_read_ports = ldu.map(_.io.meta_read) ++
    Seq(mainPipe.io.meta_read)
  val meta_resp_ports = ldu.map(_.io.meta_resp) ++
    Seq(mainPipe.io.meta_resp)
  val meta_write_ports = Seq(
    mainPipe.io.meta_write,
    refillPipe.io.meta_write
  )
  meta_read_ports.zip(metaArray.io.read).foreach { case (p, r) => r <> p }
  meta_resp_ports.zip(metaArray.io.resp).foreach { case (p, r) => p := r }
  meta_write_ports.zip(metaArray.io.write).foreach { case (p, w) => w <> p }

  val error_flag_resp_ports = ldu.map(_.io.error_flag_resp) ++
    Seq(mainPipe.io.error_flag_resp)
  val error_flag_write_ports = Seq(
    mainPipe.io.error_flag_write,
    refillPipe.io.error_flag_write
  )
  meta_read_ports.zip(errorArray.io.read).foreach { case (p, r) => r <> p }
  error_flag_resp_ports.zip(errorArray.io.resp).foreach { case (p, r) => p := r }
  error_flag_write_ports.zip(errorArray.io.write).foreach { case (p, w) => w <> p }

  //----------------------------------------
  // tag array
  require(tagArray.io.read.size == (ldu.size + 1))
  val tag_write_intend = missQueue.io.refill_pipe_req.valid || mainPipe.io.tag_write_intend
  assert(!RegNext(!tag_write_intend && tagArray.io.write.valid))
  ldu.zipWithIndex.foreach {
    case (ld, i) =>
      tagArray.io.read(i) <> ld.io.tag_read
      ld.io.tag_resp := tagArray.io.resp(i)
      ld.io.tag_read.ready := !tag_write_intend
  }
  tagArray.io.read.last <> mainPipe.io.tag_read
  mainPipe.io.tag_resp := tagArray.io.resp.last

  val fake_tag_read_conflict_this_cycle = PopCount(ldu.map(ld=> ld.io.tag_read.valid))
  XSPerfAccumulate("fake_tag_read_conflict", fake_tag_read_conflict_this_cycle)

  val tag_write_arb = Module(new Arbiter(new TagWriteReq, 2))
  tag_write_arb.io.in(0) <> refillPipe.io.tag_write
  tag_write_arb.io.in(1) <> mainPipe.io.tag_write
  tagArray.io.write <> tag_write_arb.io.out

  //----------------------------------------
  // data array

  val dataWriteArb = Module(new Arbiter(new L1BankedDataWriteReq, 2))
  dataWriteArb.io.in(0) <> refillPipe.io.data_write
  dataWriteArb.io.in(1) <> mainPipe.io.data_write

  bankedDataArray.io.write <> dataWriteArb.io.out

  bankedDataArray.io.readline <> mainPipe.io.data_read
  bankedDataArray.io.readline_intend := mainPipe.io.data_read_intend
  mainPipe.io.readline_error_delayed := bankedDataArray.io.readline_error_delayed
  mainPipe.io.data_resp := bankedDataArray.io.resp

  (0 until LoadPipelineWidth).map(i => {
    bankedDataArray.io.read(i) <> ldu(i).io.banked_data_read
    bankedDataArray.io.read_error_delayed(i) <> ldu(i).io.read_error_delayed

    ldu(i).io.bank_conflict_fast := bankedDataArray.io.bank_conflict_fast(i)
    ldu(i).io.bank_conflict_slow := bankedDataArray.io.bank_conflict_slow(i)
  })

  (0 until (LoadPipelineWidth / 2)).map(i => {
    ldu(i).io.banked_data_resp := bankedDataArray.io.resp
  })

  ((LoadPipelineWidth / 2) until LoadPipelineWidth).map(i => {
    ldu(i).io.banked_data_resp := bankedDataArray.io.resp_dup_0
  })

  //----------------------------------------
  // load pipe
  // the s1 kill signal
  // only lsu uses this, replay never kills
  for (w <- 0 until LoadPipelineWidth) {
    ldu(w).io.lsu <> io.lsu.load(w)

    // replay and nack not needed anymore
    // TODO: remove replay and nack
    ldu(w).io.nack := false.B

    ldu(w).io.disable_ld_fast_wakeup :=
      bankedDataArray.io.disable_ld_fast_wakeup(w) // load pipe fast wake up should be disabled when bank conflict
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // atomics
  // atomics not finished yet
  // io.lsu.atomics <> atomicsReplayUnit.io.lsu
  io.lsu.atomics.resp := RegNext(mainPipe.io.atomic_resp)
  io.lsu.atomics.block_lr := mainPipe.io.block_lr
  // atomicsReplayUnit.io.pipe_resp := RegNext(mainPipe.io.atomic_resp)
  // atomicsReplayUnit.io.block_lr <> mainPipe.io.block_lr

  //----------------------------------------
  // miss queue
  val MissReqPortCount = LoadPipelineWidth + 1
  val MainPipeMissReqPort = 0

  // Request
  val missReqArb = Module(new Arbiter(new MissReq, MissReqPortCount))

  missReqArb.io.in(MainPipeMissReqPort) <> mainPipe.io.miss_req
  for (w <- 0 until LoadPipelineWidth) { missReqArb.io.in(w + 1) <> ldu(w).io.miss_req }

  wb.io.miss_req.valid := missReqArb.io.out.valid
  wb.io.miss_req.bits  := missReqArb.io.out.bits.addr

  // block_decoupled(missReqArb.io.out, missQueue.io.req, wb.io.block_miss_req)
  missReqArb.io.out <> missQueue.io.req
  when(wb.io.block_miss_req) {
    missQueue.io.req.bits.cancel := true.B
    missReqArb.io.out.ready := false.B
  }

  // refill to load queue
  io.lsu.lsq <> missQueue.io.refill_to_ldq

  // tilelink stuff
  bus.a <> missQueue.io.mem_acquire
  bus.e <> missQueue.io.mem_finish
  missQueue.io.probe_addr := bus.b.bits.address

  missQueue.io.main_pipe_resp := RegNext(mainPipe.io.atomic_resp)

  //----------------------------------------
  // probe
  // probeQueue.io.mem_probe <> bus.b
  block_decoupled(bus.b, probeQueue.io.mem_probe, missQueue.io.probe_block)
  probeQueue.io.lrsc_locked_block <> mainPipe.io.lrsc_locked_block
  probeQueue.io.update_resv_set <> mainPipe.io.update_resv_set

  //----------------------------------------
  // mainPipe
  // when a req enters main pipe, if it is set-conflict with replace pipe or refill pipe,
  // block the req in main pipe
  block_decoupled(probeQueue.io.pipe_req, mainPipe.io.probe_req, missQueue.io.refill_pipe_req.valid)
  block_decoupled(io.lsu.store.req, mainPipe.io.store_req, refillPipe.io.req.valid)

  io.lsu.store.replay_resp := RegNext(mainPipe.io.store_replay_resp)
  io.lsu.store.main_pipe_hit_resp := mainPipe.io.store_hit_resp

  arbiter_with_pipereg(
    in = Seq(missQueue.io.main_pipe_req, io.lsu.atomics.req),
    out = mainPipe.io.atomic_req,
    name = Some("main_pipe_atomic_req")
  )

  mainPipe.io.invalid_resv_set := RegNext(wb.io.req.fire && wb.io.req.bits.addr === mainPipe.io.lrsc_locked_block.bits)

  //----------------------------------------
  // replace (main pipe)
  val mpStatus = mainPipe.io.status
  mainPipe.io.replace_req <> missQueue.io.replace_pipe_req
  missQueue.io.replace_pipe_resp := mainPipe.io.replace_resp

  //----------------------------------------
  // refill pipe
  val refillShouldBeBlocked = (mpStatus.s1.valid && mpStatus.s1.bits.set === missQueue.io.refill_pipe_req.bits.idx) ||
    Cat(Seq(mpStatus.s2, mpStatus.s3).map(s =>
      s.valid &&
        s.bits.set === missQueue.io.refill_pipe_req.bits.idx &&
        s.bits.way_en === missQueue.io.refill_pipe_req.bits.way_en
    )).orR
  block_decoupled(missQueue.io.refill_pipe_req, refillPipe.io.req, refillShouldBeBlocked)

  val nDupDataWriteReady = 4
  val nDupTagWriteReady = 4
  val nDupStatus = nDupDataWriteReady + nDupTagWriteReady
  val mpStatus_dup = mainPipe.io.status_dup
  val mq_refill_dup = missQueue.io.refill_pipe_req_dup
  val refillShouldBeBlocked_dup = VecInit((0 until nDupStatus).map { case i =>
    mpStatus_dup(i).s1.valid && mpStatus_dup(i).s1.bits.set === mq_refill_dup(i).bits.idx ||
    Cat(Seq(mpStatus_dup(i).s2, mpStatus_dup(i).s3).map(s =>
      s.valid &&
        s.bits.set === mq_refill_dup(i).bits.idx &&
        s.bits.way_en === mq_refill_dup(i).bits.way_en
    )).orR
  })
  dontTouch(refillShouldBeBlocked_dup)

  refillPipe.io.req_dup_0.bits := mq_refill_dup(0).bits
  refillPipe.io.req_dup_1.bits := mq_refill_dup(1).bits
  refillPipe.io.req_dup_2.bits := mq_refill_dup(2).bits
  refillPipe.io.req_dup_3.bits := mq_refill_dup(3).bits
  refillPipe.io.req_dup_0.valid := mq_refill_dup(0).valid && !refillShouldBeBlocked_dup(0)
  refillPipe.io.req_dup_1.valid := mq_refill_dup(1).valid && !refillShouldBeBlocked_dup(1)
  refillPipe.io.req_dup_2.valid := mq_refill_dup(2).valid && !refillShouldBeBlocked_dup(2)
  refillPipe.io.req_dup_3.valid := mq_refill_dup(3).valid && !refillShouldBeBlocked_dup(3)

  val refillPipe_io_req_valid_dup = VecInit(mq_refill_dup.zip(refillShouldBeBlocked_dup).map(
    x => x._1.valid && !x._2
  ))
  val refillPipe_io_data_write_valid_dup = VecInit(refillPipe_io_req_valid_dup.slice(0, nDupDataWriteReady))
  val refillPipe_io_tag_write_valid_dup = VecInit(refillPipe_io_req_valid_dup.slice(nDupDataWriteReady, nDupDataWriteReady + nDupTagWriteReady))
  dontTouch(refillPipe_io_req_valid_dup)
  dontTouch(refillPipe_io_data_write_valid_dup)
  dontTouch(refillPipe_io_tag_write_valid_dup)
  mainPipe.io.data_write_ready_dup := VecInit(refillPipe_io_data_write_valid_dup.map(v => !v))
  mainPipe.io.tag_write_ready_dup := VecInit(refillPipe_io_tag_write_valid_dup.map(v => !v))
  mainPipe.io.wb_ready_dup := wb.io.req_ready_dup

  mq_refill_dup.zip(refillShouldBeBlocked_dup).foreach { case (r, block) =>
    r.ready := refillPipe.io.req.ready && !block
  }

  missQueue.io.refill_pipe_resp := refillPipe.io.resp
  io.lsu.store.refill_hit_resp := RegNext(refillPipe.io.store_resp)

  //----------------------------------------
  // wb
  // add a queue between MainPipe and WritebackUnit to reduce MainPipe stalls due to WritebackUnit busy

  wb.io.req <> mainPipe.io.wb
  bus.c     <> wb.io.mem_release
  wb.io.release_wakeup := refillPipe.io.release_wakeup
  wb.io.release_update := mainPipe.io.release_update

  io.lsu.release.valid := RegNext(wb.io.req.fire())
  io.lsu.release.bits.paddr := RegNext(wb.io.req.bits.addr)
  // Note: RegNext() is required by:
  // * load queue released flag update logic
  // * load / load violation check logic
  // * and timing requirements
  // CHANGE IT WITH CARE

  // connect bus d
  missQueue.io.mem_grant.valid := false.B
  missQueue.io.mem_grant.bits  := DontCare

  wb.io.mem_grant.valid := false.B
  wb.io.mem_grant.bits  := DontCare

  // in L1DCache, we ony expect Grant[Data] and ReleaseAck
  bus.d.ready := false.B
  when (bus.d.bits.opcode === TLMessages.Grant || bus.d.bits.opcode === TLMessages.GrantData) {
    missQueue.io.mem_grant <> bus.d
  } .elsewhen (bus.d.bits.opcode === TLMessages.ReleaseAck) {
    wb.io.mem_grant <> bus.d
  } .otherwise {
    assert (!bus.d.fire())
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // replacement algorithm
  val replacer = ReplacementPolicy.fromString(cacheParams.replacer, nWays, nSets)

  val replWayReqs = ldu.map(_.io.replace_way) ++ Seq(mainPipe.io.replace_way)
  replWayReqs.foreach{
    case req =>
      req.way := DontCare
      when (req.set.valid) { req.way := replacer.way(req.set.bits) }
  }

  val replAccessReqs = ldu.map(_.io.replace_access) ++ Seq(
    mainPipe.io.replace_access
  )
  val touchWays = Seq.fill(replAccessReqs.size)(Wire(ValidIO(UInt(log2Up(nWays).W))))
  touchWays.zip(replAccessReqs).foreach {
    case (w, req) =>
      w.valid := req.valid
      w.bits := req.bits.way
  }
  val touchSets = replAccessReqs.map(_.bits.set)
  replacer.access(touchSets, touchWays)

  //----------------------------------------
  // assertions
  // dcache should only deal with DRAM addresses
  when (bus.a.fire()) {
    assert(bus.a.bits.address >= 0x80000000L.U)
  }
  when (bus.b.fire()) {
    assert(bus.b.bits.address >= 0x80000000L.U)
  }
  when (bus.c.fire()) {
    assert(bus.c.bits.address >= 0x80000000L.U)
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // utility functions
  def block_decoupled[T <: Data](source: DecoupledIO[T], sink: DecoupledIO[T], block_signal: Bool) = {
    sink.valid   := source.valid && !block_signal
    source.ready := sink.ready   && !block_signal
    sink.bits    := source.bits
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // Customized csr cache op support
  val cacheOpDecoder = Module(new CSRCacheOpDecoder("dcache", CacheInstrucion.COP_ID_DCACHE))
  cacheOpDecoder.io.csr <> io.csr
  bankedDataArray.io.cacheOp.req := cacheOpDecoder.io.cache.req
  // dup cacheOp_req_valid
  bankedDataArray.io.cacheOp_req_dups.zipWithIndex.map{ case(dup, i) => dup := cacheOpDecoder.io.cache_req_dups(i) }
  // dup cacheOp_req_bits_opCode
  bankedDataArray.io.cacheOp_req_bits_opCode_dups.zipWithIndex.map{ case (dup, i) => dup := cacheOpDecoder.io.cacheOp_req_bits_opCode_dups(i) }

  tagArray.io.cacheOp.req := cacheOpDecoder.io.cache.req
  // dup cacheOp_req_valid
  tagArray.io.cacheOp_req_dups.zipWithIndex.map{ case(dup, i) => dup := cacheOpDecoder.io.cache_req_dups(i) }
  // dup cacheOp_req_bits_opCode
  tagArray.io.cacheOp_req_bits_opCode_dups.zipWithIndex.map{ case (dup, i) => dup := cacheOpDecoder.io.cacheOp_req_bits_opCode_dups(i) }

  cacheOpDecoder.io.cache.resp.valid := bankedDataArray.io.cacheOp.resp.valid ||
    tagArray.io.cacheOp.resp.valid
  cacheOpDecoder.io.cache.resp.bits := Mux1H(List(
    bankedDataArray.io.cacheOp.resp.valid -> bankedDataArray.io.cacheOp.resp.bits,
    tagArray.io.cacheOp.resp.valid -> tagArray.io.cacheOp.resp.bits,
  ))
  cacheOpDecoder.io.error := io.error
  assert(!((bankedDataArray.io.cacheOp.resp.valid +& tagArray.io.cacheOp.resp.valid) > 1.U))

  //----------------------------------------
  // performance counters
  val num_loads = PopCount(ldu.map(e => e.io.lsu.req.fire()))
  XSPerfAccumulate("num_loads", num_loads)

  io.mshrFull := missQueue.io.full

  // performance counter
  val ld_access = Wire(Vec(LoadPipelineWidth, missQueue.io.debug_early_replace.last.cloneType))
  val st_access = Wire(ld_access.last.cloneType)
  ld_access.zip(ldu).foreach {
    case (a, u) =>
      a.valid := RegNext(u.io.lsu.req.fire()) && !u.io.lsu.s1_kill
      a.bits.idx := RegNext(get_idx(u.io.lsu.req.bits.addr))
      a.bits.tag := get_tag(u.io.lsu.s1_paddr_dup_dcache)
  }
  st_access.valid := RegNext(mainPipe.io.store_req.fire())
  st_access.bits.idx := RegNext(get_idx(mainPipe.io.store_req.bits.vaddr))
  st_access.bits.tag := RegNext(get_tag(mainPipe.io.store_req.bits.addr))
  val access_info = ld_access.toSeq ++ Seq(st_access)
  val early_replace = RegNext(missQueue.io.debug_early_replace)
  val access_early_replace = access_info.map {
    case acc =>
      Cat(early_replace.map {
        case r =>
          acc.valid && r.valid &&
            acc.bits.tag === r.bits.tag &&
            acc.bits.idx === r.bits.idx
      })
  }
  XSPerfAccumulate("access_early_replace", PopCount(Cat(access_early_replace)))

  val perfEvents = (Seq(wb, mainPipe, missQueue, probeQueue) ++ ldu).flatMap(_.getPerfEvents)
  generatePerfEvent()
}

class AMOHelper() extends ExtModule {
  val clock  = IO(Input(Clock()))
  val enable = IO(Input(Bool()))
  val cmd    = IO(Input(UInt(5.W)))
  val addr   = IO(Input(UInt(64.W)))
  val wdata  = IO(Input(UInt(64.W)))
  val mask   = IO(Input(UInt(8.W)))
  val rdata  = IO(Output(UInt(64.W)))
}

class DCacheWrapper()(implicit p: Parameters) extends LazyModule with HasXSParameter {

  val useDcache = coreParams.dcacheParametersOpt.nonEmpty
  val clientNode = if (useDcache) TLIdentityNode() else null
  val dcache = if (useDcache) LazyModule(new DCache()) else null
  if (useDcache) {
    clientNode := dcache.clientNode
  }

  lazy val module = new LazyModuleImp(this) with HasPerfEvents {
    val io = IO(new DCacheIO)
    val perfEvents = if (!useDcache) {
      // a fake dcache which uses dpi-c to access memory, only for debug usage!
      val fake_dcache = Module(new FakeDCache())
      io <> fake_dcache.io
      Seq()
    }
    else {
      io <> dcache.module.io
      dcache.module.getPerfEvents
    }
    generatePerfEvent()
  }
}