xref: /linux-6.14.4/drivers/net/vrf.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 * vrf.c: device driver to encapsulate a VRF space
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Cumulus Networks. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Shrijeet Mukherjee <[email protected]>
 * Copyright (c) 2015 David Ahern <[email protected]>
 *
 * Based on dummy, team and ipvlan drivers
 */

#include <linux/ethtool.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/netdevice.h>
#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
#include <linux/ip.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/netfilter.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <net/rtnetlink.h>
#include <linux/u64_stats_sync.h>
#include <linux/hashtable.h>
#include <linux/spinlock_types.h>

#include <linux/inetdevice.h>
#include <net/arp.h>
#include <net/ip.h>
#include <net/ip_fib.h>
#include <net/ip6_fib.h>
#include <net/ip6_route.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <net/addrconf.h>
#include <net/l3mdev.h>
#include <net/fib_rules.h>
#include <net/sch_generic.h>
#include <net/netns/generic.h>
#include <net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.h>
#include <net/inet_dscp.h>

#define DRV_NAME	"vrf"
#define DRV_VERSION	"1.1"

#define FIB_RULE_PREF  1000       /* default preference for FIB rules */

#define HT_MAP_BITS	4
#define HASH_INITVAL	((u32)0xcafef00d)

struct  vrf_map {
	DECLARE_HASHTABLE(ht, HT_MAP_BITS);
	spinlock_t vmap_lock;

	/* shared_tables:
	 * count how many distinct tables do not comply with the strict mode
	 * requirement.
	 * shared_tables value must be 0 in order to enable the strict mode.
	 *
	 * example of the evolution of shared_tables:
	 *                                                        | time
	 * add  vrf0 --> table 100        shared_tables = 0       | t0
	 * add  vrf1 --> table 101        shared_tables = 0       | t1
	 * add  vrf2 --> table 100        shared_tables = 1       | t2
	 * add  vrf3 --> table 100        shared_tables = 1       | t3
	 * add  vrf4 --> table 101        shared_tables = 2       v t4
	 *
	 * shared_tables is a "step function" (or "staircase function")
	 * and it is increased by one when the second vrf is associated to a
	 * table.
	 *
	 * at t2, vrf0 and vrf2 are bound to table 100: shared_tables = 1.
	 *
	 * at t3, another dev (vrf3) is bound to the same table 100 but the
	 * value of shared_tables is still 1.
	 * This means that no matter how many new vrfs will register on the
	 * table 100, the shared_tables will not increase (considering only
	 * table 100).
	 *
	 * at t4, vrf4 is bound to table 101, and shared_tables = 2.
	 *
	 * Looking at the value of shared_tables we can immediately know if
	 * the strict_mode can or cannot be enforced. Indeed, strict_mode
	 * can be enforced iff shared_tables = 0.
	 *
	 * Conversely, shared_tables is decreased when a vrf is de-associated
	 * from a table with exactly two associated vrfs.
	 */
	u32 shared_tables;

	bool strict_mode;
};

struct vrf_map_elem {
	struct hlist_node hnode;
	struct list_head vrf_list;  /* VRFs registered to this table */

	u32 table_id;
	int users;
	int ifindex;
};

static unsigned int vrf_net_id;

/* per netns vrf data */
struct netns_vrf {
	/* protected by rtnl lock */
	bool add_fib_rules;

	struct vrf_map vmap;
	struct ctl_table_header	*ctl_hdr;
};

struct net_vrf {
	struct rtable __rcu	*rth;
	struct rt6_info	__rcu	*rt6;
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
	struct fib6_table	*fib6_table;
#endif
	u32                     tb_id;

	struct list_head	me_list;   /* entry in vrf_map_elem */
	int			ifindex;
};

static void vrf_tx_error(struct net_device *vrf_dev, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	vrf_dev->stats.tx_errors++;
	kfree_skb(skb);
}

static struct vrf_map *netns_vrf_map(struct net *net)
{
	struct netns_vrf *nn_vrf = net_generic(net, vrf_net_id);

	return &nn_vrf->vmap;
}

static struct vrf_map *netns_vrf_map_by_dev(struct net_device *dev)
{
	return netns_vrf_map(dev_net(dev));
}

static int vrf_map_elem_get_vrf_ifindex(struct vrf_map_elem *me)
{
	struct list_head *me_head = &me->vrf_list;
	struct net_vrf *vrf;

	if (list_empty(me_head))
		return -ENODEV;

	vrf = list_first_entry(me_head, struct net_vrf, me_list);

	return vrf->ifindex;
}

static struct vrf_map_elem *vrf_map_elem_alloc(gfp_t flags)
{
	struct vrf_map_elem *me;

	me = kmalloc(sizeof(*me), flags);
	if (!me)
		return NULL;

	return me;
}

static void vrf_map_elem_free(struct vrf_map_elem *me)
{
	kfree(me);
}

static void vrf_map_elem_init(struct vrf_map_elem *me, int table_id,
			      int ifindex, int users)
{
	me->table_id = table_id;
	me->ifindex = ifindex;
	me->users = users;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&me->vrf_list);
}

static struct vrf_map_elem *vrf_map_lookup_elem(struct vrf_map *vmap,
						u32 table_id)
{
	struct vrf_map_elem *me;
	u32 key;

	key = jhash_1word(table_id, HASH_INITVAL);
	hash_for_each_possible(vmap->ht, me, hnode, key) {
		if (me->table_id == table_id)
			return me;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static void vrf_map_add_elem(struct vrf_map *vmap, struct vrf_map_elem *me)
{
	u32 table_id = me->table_id;
	u32 key;

	key = jhash_1word(table_id, HASH_INITVAL);
	hash_add(vmap->ht, &me->hnode, key);
}

static void vrf_map_del_elem(struct vrf_map_elem *me)
{
	hash_del(&me->hnode);
}

static void vrf_map_lock(struct vrf_map *vmap) __acquires(&vmap->vmap_lock)
{
	spin_lock(&vmap->vmap_lock);
}

static void vrf_map_unlock(struct vrf_map *vmap) __releases(&vmap->vmap_lock)
{
	spin_unlock(&vmap->vmap_lock);
}

/* called with rtnl lock held */
static int
vrf_map_register_dev(struct net_device *dev, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
	struct vrf_map *vmap = netns_vrf_map_by_dev(dev);
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);
	struct vrf_map_elem *new_me, *me;
	u32 table_id = vrf->tb_id;
	bool free_new_me = false;
	int users;
	int res;

	/* we pre-allocate elements used in the spin-locked section (so that we
	 * keep the spinlock as short as possible).
	 */
	new_me = vrf_map_elem_alloc(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!new_me)
		return -ENOMEM;

	vrf_map_elem_init(new_me, table_id, dev->ifindex, 0);

	vrf_map_lock(vmap);

	me = vrf_map_lookup_elem(vmap, table_id);
	if (!me) {
		me = new_me;
		vrf_map_add_elem(vmap, me);
		goto link_vrf;
	}

	/* we already have an entry in the vrf_map, so it means there is (at
	 * least) a vrf registered on the specific table.
	 */
	free_new_me = true;
	if (vmap->strict_mode) {
		/* vrfs cannot share the same table */
		NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Table is used by another VRF");
		res = -EBUSY;
		goto unlock;
	}

link_vrf:
	users = ++me->users;
	if (users == 2)
		++vmap->shared_tables;

	list_add(&vrf->me_list, &me->vrf_list);

	res = 0;

unlock:
	vrf_map_unlock(vmap);

	/* clean-up, if needed */
	if (free_new_me)
		vrf_map_elem_free(new_me);

	return res;
}

/* called with rtnl lock held */
static void vrf_map_unregister_dev(struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct vrf_map *vmap = netns_vrf_map_by_dev(dev);
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);
	u32 table_id = vrf->tb_id;
	struct vrf_map_elem *me;
	int users;

	vrf_map_lock(vmap);

	me = vrf_map_lookup_elem(vmap, table_id);
	if (!me)
		goto unlock;

	list_del(&vrf->me_list);

	users = --me->users;
	if (users == 1) {
		--vmap->shared_tables;
	} else if (users == 0) {
		vrf_map_del_elem(me);

		/* no one will refer to this element anymore */
		vrf_map_elem_free(me);
	}

unlock:
	vrf_map_unlock(vmap);
}

/* return the vrf device index associated with the table_id */
static int vrf_ifindex_lookup_by_table_id(struct net *net, u32 table_id)
{
	struct vrf_map *vmap = netns_vrf_map(net);
	struct vrf_map_elem *me;
	int ifindex;

	vrf_map_lock(vmap);

	if (!vmap->strict_mode) {
		ifindex = -EPERM;
		goto unlock;
	}

	me = vrf_map_lookup_elem(vmap, table_id);
	if (!me) {
		ifindex = -ENODEV;
		goto unlock;
	}

	ifindex = vrf_map_elem_get_vrf_ifindex(me);

unlock:
	vrf_map_unlock(vmap);

	return ifindex;
}

/* by default VRF devices do not have a qdisc and are expected
 * to be created with only a single queue.
 */
static bool qdisc_tx_is_default(const struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct netdev_queue *txq;
	struct Qdisc *qdisc;

	if (dev->num_tx_queues > 1)
		return false;

	txq = netdev_get_tx_queue(dev, 0);
	qdisc = rcu_access_pointer(txq->qdisc);

	return !qdisc->enqueue;
}

/* Local traffic destined to local address. Reinsert the packet to rx
 * path, similar to loopback handling.
 */
static int vrf_local_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
			  struct dst_entry *dst)
{
	unsigned int len = skb->len;

	skb_orphan(skb);

	skb_dst_set(skb, dst);

	/* set pkt_type to avoid skb hitting packet taps twice -
	 * once on Tx and again in Rx processing
	 */
	skb->pkt_type = PACKET_LOOPBACK;

	skb->protocol = eth_type_trans(skb, dev);

	if (likely(__netif_rx(skb) == NET_RX_SUCCESS))
		dev_dstats_rx_add(dev, len);
	else
		dev_dstats_rx_dropped(dev);

	return NETDEV_TX_OK;
}

static void vrf_nf_set_untracked(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	if (skb_get_nfct(skb) == 0)
		nf_ct_set(skb, NULL, IP_CT_UNTRACKED);
}

static void vrf_nf_reset_ct(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	if (skb_get_nfct(skb) == IP_CT_UNTRACKED)
		nf_reset_ct(skb);
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
static int vrf_ip6_local_out(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
			     struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int err;

	vrf_nf_reset_ct(skb);

	err = nf_hook(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT, net,
		      sk, skb, NULL, skb_dst(skb)->dev, dst_output);

	if (likely(err == 1))
		err = dst_output(net, sk, skb);

	return err;
}

static netdev_tx_t vrf_process_v6_outbound(struct sk_buff *skb,
					   struct net_device *dev)
{
	const struct ipv6hdr *iph;
	struct net *net = dev_net(skb->dev);
	struct flowi6 fl6;
	int ret = NET_XMIT_DROP;
	struct dst_entry *dst;
	struct dst_entry *dst_null = &net->ipv6.ip6_null_entry->dst;

	if (!pskb_may_pull(skb, ETH_HLEN + sizeof(struct ipv6hdr)))
		goto err;

	iph = ipv6_hdr(skb);

	memset(&fl6, 0, sizeof(fl6));
	/* needed to match OIF rule */
	fl6.flowi6_l3mdev = dev->ifindex;
	fl6.flowi6_iif = LOOPBACK_IFINDEX;
	fl6.daddr = iph->daddr;
	fl6.saddr = iph->saddr;
	fl6.flowlabel = ip6_flowinfo(iph);
	fl6.flowi6_mark = skb->mark;
	fl6.flowi6_proto = iph->nexthdr;

	dst = ip6_dst_lookup_flow(net, NULL, &fl6, NULL);
	if (IS_ERR(dst) || dst == dst_null)
		goto err;

	skb_dst_drop(skb);

	/* if dst.dev is the VRF device again this is locally originated traffic
	 * destined to a local address. Short circuit to Rx path.
	 */
	if (dst->dev == dev)
		return vrf_local_xmit(skb, dev, dst);

	skb_dst_set(skb, dst);

	/* strip the ethernet header added for pass through VRF device */
	__skb_pull(skb, skb_network_offset(skb));

	memset(IP6CB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IP6CB(skb)));
	ret = vrf_ip6_local_out(net, skb->sk, skb);
	if (unlikely(net_xmit_eval(ret)))
		dev->stats.tx_errors++;
	else
		ret = NET_XMIT_SUCCESS;

	return ret;
err:
	vrf_tx_error(dev, skb);
	return NET_XMIT_DROP;
}
#else
static netdev_tx_t vrf_process_v6_outbound(struct sk_buff *skb,
					   struct net_device *dev)
{
	vrf_tx_error(dev, skb);
	return NET_XMIT_DROP;
}
#endif

/* based on ip_local_out; can't use it b/c the dst is switched pointing to us */
static int vrf_ip_local_out(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
			    struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int err;

	vrf_nf_reset_ct(skb);

	err = nf_hook(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT, net, sk,
		      skb, NULL, skb_dst(skb)->dev, dst_output);
	if (likely(err == 1))
		err = dst_output(net, sk, skb);

	return err;
}

static netdev_tx_t vrf_process_v4_outbound(struct sk_buff *skb,
					   struct net_device *vrf_dev)
{
	struct iphdr *ip4h;
	int ret = NET_XMIT_DROP;
	struct flowi4 fl4;
	struct net *net = dev_net(vrf_dev);
	struct rtable *rt;

	if (!pskb_may_pull(skb, ETH_HLEN + sizeof(struct iphdr)))
		goto err;

	ip4h = ip_hdr(skb);

	memset(&fl4, 0, sizeof(fl4));
	/* needed to match OIF rule */
	fl4.flowi4_l3mdev = vrf_dev->ifindex;
	fl4.flowi4_iif = LOOPBACK_IFINDEX;
	fl4.flowi4_tos = inet_dscp_to_dsfield(ip4h_dscp(ip4h));
	fl4.flowi4_flags = FLOWI_FLAG_ANYSRC;
	fl4.flowi4_proto = ip4h->protocol;
	fl4.daddr = ip4h->daddr;
	fl4.saddr = ip4h->saddr;

	rt = ip_route_output_flow(net, &fl4, NULL);
	if (IS_ERR(rt))
		goto err;

	skb_dst_drop(skb);

	/* if dst.dev is the VRF device again this is locally originated traffic
	 * destined to a local address. Short circuit to Rx path.
	 */
	if (rt->dst.dev == vrf_dev)
		return vrf_local_xmit(skb, vrf_dev, &rt->dst);

	skb_dst_set(skb, &rt->dst);

	/* strip the ethernet header added for pass through VRF device */
	__skb_pull(skb, skb_network_offset(skb));

	if (!ip4h->saddr) {
		ip4h->saddr = inet_select_addr(skb_dst(skb)->dev, 0,
					       RT_SCOPE_LINK);
	}

	memset(IPCB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IPCB(skb)));
	ret = vrf_ip_local_out(dev_net(skb_dst(skb)->dev), skb->sk, skb);
	if (unlikely(net_xmit_eval(ret)))
		vrf_dev->stats.tx_errors++;
	else
		ret = NET_XMIT_SUCCESS;

out:
	return ret;
err:
	vrf_tx_error(vrf_dev, skb);
	goto out;
}

static netdev_tx_t is_ip_tx_frame(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
{
	switch (skb->protocol) {
	case htons(ETH_P_IP):
		return vrf_process_v4_outbound(skb, dev);
	case htons(ETH_P_IPV6):
		return vrf_process_v6_outbound(skb, dev);
	default:
		vrf_tx_error(dev, skb);
		return NET_XMIT_DROP;
	}
}

static netdev_tx_t vrf_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
{
	unsigned int len = skb->len;
	netdev_tx_t ret;

	ret = is_ip_tx_frame(skb, dev);
	if (likely(ret == NET_XMIT_SUCCESS || ret == NET_XMIT_CN))
		dev_dstats_tx_add(dev, len);
	else
		dev_dstats_tx_dropped(dev);

	return ret;
}

static void vrf_finish_direct(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct net_device *vrf_dev = skb->dev;

	if (!list_empty(&vrf_dev->ptype_all) &&
	    likely(skb_headroom(skb) >= ETH_HLEN)) {
		struct ethhdr *eth = skb_push(skb, ETH_HLEN);

		ether_addr_copy(eth->h_source, vrf_dev->dev_addr);
		eth_zero_addr(eth->h_dest);
		eth->h_proto = skb->protocol;

		rcu_read_lock_bh();
		dev_queue_xmit_nit(skb, vrf_dev);
		rcu_read_unlock_bh();

		skb_pull(skb, ETH_HLEN);
	}

	vrf_nf_reset_ct(skb);
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
/* modelled after ip6_finish_output2 */
static int vrf_finish_output6(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
			      struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb);
	struct net_device *dev = dst->dev;
	const struct in6_addr *nexthop;
	struct neighbour *neigh;
	int ret;

	vrf_nf_reset_ct(skb);

	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6);
	skb->dev = dev;

	rcu_read_lock();
	nexthop = rt6_nexthop(dst_rt6_info(dst), &ipv6_hdr(skb)->daddr);
	neigh = __ipv6_neigh_lookup_noref(dst->dev, nexthop);
	if (unlikely(!neigh))
		neigh = __neigh_create(&nd_tbl, nexthop, dst->dev, false);
	if (!IS_ERR(neigh)) {
		sock_confirm_neigh(skb, neigh);
		ret = neigh_output(neigh, skb, false);
		rcu_read_unlock();
		return ret;
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();

	IP6_INC_STATS(dev_net(dst->dev),
		      ip6_dst_idev(dst), IPSTATS_MIB_OUTNOROUTES);
	kfree_skb(skb);
	return -EINVAL;
}

/* modelled after ip6_output */
static int vrf_output6(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	return NF_HOOK_COND(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING,
			    net, sk, skb, NULL, skb_dst(skb)->dev,
			    vrf_finish_output6,
			    !(IP6CB(skb)->flags & IP6SKB_REROUTED));
}

/* set dst on skb to send packet to us via dev_xmit path. Allows
 * packet to go through device based features such as qdisc, netfilter
 * hooks and packet sockets with skb->dev set to vrf device.
 */
static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip6_out_redirect(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
					    struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(vrf_dev);
	struct dst_entry *dst = NULL;
	struct rt6_info *rt6;

	rcu_read_lock();

	rt6 = rcu_dereference(vrf->rt6);
	if (likely(rt6)) {
		dst = &rt6->dst;
		dst_hold(dst);
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	if (unlikely(!dst)) {
		vrf_tx_error(vrf_dev, skb);
		return NULL;
	}

	skb_dst_drop(skb);
	skb_dst_set(skb, dst);

	return skb;
}

static int vrf_output6_direct_finish(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
				     struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	vrf_finish_direct(skb);

	return vrf_ip6_local_out(net, sk, skb);
}

static int vrf_output6_direct(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
			      struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int err = 1;

	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6);

	if (!(IPCB(skb)->flags & IPSKB_REROUTED))
		err = nf_hook(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, net, sk, skb,
			      NULL, skb->dev, vrf_output6_direct_finish);

	if (likely(err == 1))
		vrf_finish_direct(skb);

	return err;
}

static int vrf_ip6_out_direct_finish(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
				     struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int err;

	err = vrf_output6_direct(net, sk, skb);
	if (likely(err == 1))
		err = vrf_ip6_local_out(net, sk, skb);

	return err;
}

static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip6_out_direct(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
					  struct sock *sk,
					  struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct net *net = dev_net(vrf_dev);
	int err;

	skb->dev = vrf_dev;

	err = nf_hook(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT, net, sk,
		      skb, NULL, vrf_dev, vrf_ip6_out_direct_finish);

	if (likely(err == 1))
		err = vrf_output6_direct(net, sk, skb);

	if (likely(err == 1))
		return skb;

	return NULL;
}

static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip6_out(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				   struct sock *sk,
				   struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	/* don't divert link scope packets */
	if (rt6_need_strict(&ipv6_hdr(skb)->daddr))
		return skb;

	vrf_nf_set_untracked(skb);

	if (qdisc_tx_is_default(vrf_dev) ||
	    IP6CB(skb)->flags & IP6SKB_XFRM_TRANSFORMED)
		return vrf_ip6_out_direct(vrf_dev, sk, skb);

	return vrf_ip6_out_redirect(vrf_dev, skb);
}

/* holding rtnl */
static void vrf_rt6_release(struct net_device *dev, struct net_vrf *vrf)
{
	struct rt6_info *rt6 = rtnl_dereference(vrf->rt6);
	struct net *net = dev_net(dev);
	struct dst_entry *dst;

	RCU_INIT_POINTER(vrf->rt6, NULL);
	synchronize_rcu();

	/* move dev in dst's to loopback so this VRF device can be deleted
	 * - based on dst_ifdown
	 */
	if (rt6) {
		dst = &rt6->dst;
		netdev_ref_replace(dst->dev, net->loopback_dev,
				   &dst->dev_tracker, GFP_KERNEL);
		dst->dev = net->loopback_dev;
		dst_release(dst);
	}
}

static int vrf_rt6_create(struct net_device *dev)
{
	int flags = DST_NOPOLICY | DST_NOXFRM;
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);
	struct net *net = dev_net(dev);
	struct rt6_info *rt6;
	int rc = -ENOMEM;

	/* IPv6 can be CONFIG enabled and then disabled runtime */
	if (!ipv6_mod_enabled())
		return 0;

	vrf->fib6_table = fib6_new_table(net, vrf->tb_id);
	if (!vrf->fib6_table)
		goto out;

	/* create a dst for routing packets out a VRF device */
	rt6 = ip6_dst_alloc(net, dev, flags);
	if (!rt6)
		goto out;

	rt6->dst.output	= vrf_output6;

	rcu_assign_pointer(vrf->rt6, rt6);

	rc = 0;
out:
	return rc;
}
#else
static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip6_out(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				   struct sock *sk,
				   struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	return skb;
}

static void vrf_rt6_release(struct net_device *dev, struct net_vrf *vrf)
{
}

static int vrf_rt6_create(struct net_device *dev)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

/* modelled after ip_finish_output2 */
static int vrf_finish_output(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb);
	struct rtable *rt = dst_rtable(dst);
	struct net_device *dev = dst->dev;
	unsigned int hh_len = LL_RESERVED_SPACE(dev);
	struct neighbour *neigh;
	bool is_v6gw = false;

	vrf_nf_reset_ct(skb);

	/* Be paranoid, rather than too clever. */
	if (unlikely(skb_headroom(skb) < hh_len && dev->header_ops)) {
		skb = skb_expand_head(skb, hh_len);
		if (!skb) {
			dev->stats.tx_errors++;
			return -ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	rcu_read_lock();

	neigh = ip_neigh_for_gw(rt, skb, &is_v6gw);
	if (!IS_ERR(neigh)) {
		int ret;

		sock_confirm_neigh(skb, neigh);
		/* if crossing protocols, can not use the cached header */
		ret = neigh_output(neigh, skb, is_v6gw);
		rcu_read_unlock();
		return ret;
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();
	vrf_tx_error(skb->dev, skb);
	return -EINVAL;
}

static int vrf_output(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct net_device *dev = skb_dst(skb)->dev;

	IP_UPD_PO_STATS(net, IPSTATS_MIB_OUT, skb->len);

	skb->dev = dev;
	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);

	return NF_HOOK_COND(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING,
			    net, sk, skb, NULL, dev,
			    vrf_finish_output,
			    !(IPCB(skb)->flags & IPSKB_REROUTED));
}

/* set dst on skb to send packet to us via dev_xmit path. Allows
 * packet to go through device based features such as qdisc, netfilter
 * hooks and packet sockets with skb->dev set to vrf device.
 */
static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip_out_redirect(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
					   struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(vrf_dev);
	struct dst_entry *dst = NULL;
	struct rtable *rth;

	rcu_read_lock();

	rth = rcu_dereference(vrf->rth);
	if (likely(rth)) {
		dst = &rth->dst;
		dst_hold(dst);
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	if (unlikely(!dst)) {
		vrf_tx_error(vrf_dev, skb);
		return NULL;
	}

	skb_dst_drop(skb);
	skb_dst_set(skb, dst);

	return skb;
}

static int vrf_output_direct_finish(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
				    struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	vrf_finish_direct(skb);

	return vrf_ip_local_out(net, sk, skb);
}

static int vrf_output_direct(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
			     struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int err = 1;

	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);

	if (!(IPCB(skb)->flags & IPSKB_REROUTED))
		err = nf_hook(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, net, sk, skb,
			      NULL, skb->dev, vrf_output_direct_finish);

	if (likely(err == 1))
		vrf_finish_direct(skb);

	return err;
}

static int vrf_ip_out_direct_finish(struct net *net, struct sock *sk,
				    struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int err;

	err = vrf_output_direct(net, sk, skb);
	if (likely(err == 1))
		err = vrf_ip_local_out(net, sk, skb);

	return err;
}

static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip_out_direct(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
					 struct sock *sk,
					 struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct net *net = dev_net(vrf_dev);
	int err;

	skb->dev = vrf_dev;

	err = nf_hook(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT, net, sk,
		      skb, NULL, vrf_dev, vrf_ip_out_direct_finish);

	if (likely(err == 1))
		err = vrf_output_direct(net, sk, skb);

	if (likely(err == 1))
		return skb;

	return NULL;
}

static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip_out(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				  struct sock *sk,
				  struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	/* don't divert multicast or local broadcast */
	if (ipv4_is_multicast(ip_hdr(skb)->daddr) ||
	    ipv4_is_lbcast(ip_hdr(skb)->daddr))
		return skb;

	vrf_nf_set_untracked(skb);

	if (qdisc_tx_is_default(vrf_dev) ||
	    IPCB(skb)->flags & IPSKB_XFRM_TRANSFORMED)
		return vrf_ip_out_direct(vrf_dev, sk, skb);

	return vrf_ip_out_redirect(vrf_dev, skb);
}

/* called with rcu lock held */
static struct sk_buff *vrf_l3_out(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				  struct sock *sk,
				  struct sk_buff *skb,
				  u16 proto)
{
	switch (proto) {
	case AF_INET:
		return vrf_ip_out(vrf_dev, sk, skb);
	case AF_INET6:
		return vrf_ip6_out(vrf_dev, sk, skb);
	}

	return skb;
}

/* holding rtnl */
static void vrf_rtable_release(struct net_device *dev, struct net_vrf *vrf)
{
	struct rtable *rth = rtnl_dereference(vrf->rth);
	struct net *net = dev_net(dev);
	struct dst_entry *dst;

	RCU_INIT_POINTER(vrf->rth, NULL);
	synchronize_rcu();

	/* move dev in dst's to loopback so this VRF device can be deleted
	 * - based on dst_ifdown
	 */
	if (rth) {
		dst = &rth->dst;
		netdev_ref_replace(dst->dev, net->loopback_dev,
				   &dst->dev_tracker, GFP_KERNEL);
		dst->dev = net->loopback_dev;
		dst_release(dst);
	}
}

static int vrf_rtable_create(struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);
	struct rtable *rth;

	if (!fib_new_table(dev_net(dev), vrf->tb_id))
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* create a dst for routing packets out through a VRF device */
	rth = rt_dst_alloc(dev, 0, RTN_UNICAST, 1);
	if (!rth)
		return -ENOMEM;

	rth->dst.output	= vrf_output;

	rcu_assign_pointer(vrf->rth, rth);

	return 0;
}

/**************************** device handling ********************/

/* cycle interface to flush neighbor cache and move routes across tables */
static void cycle_netdev(struct net_device *dev,
			 struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
	unsigned int flags = dev->flags;
	int ret;

	if (!netif_running(dev))
		return;

	ret = dev_change_flags(dev, flags & ~IFF_UP, extack);
	if (ret >= 0)
		ret = dev_change_flags(dev, flags, extack);

	if (ret < 0) {
		netdev_err(dev,
			   "Failed to cycle device %s; route tables might be wrong!\n",
			   dev->name);
	}
}

static int do_vrf_add_slave(struct net_device *dev, struct net_device *port_dev,
			    struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
	int ret;

	/* do not allow loopback device to be enslaved to a VRF.
	 * The vrf device acts as the loopback for the vrf.
	 */
	if (port_dev == dev_net(dev)->loopback_dev) {
		NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack,
			       "Can not enslave loopback device to a VRF");
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
	}

	port_dev->priv_flags |= IFF_L3MDEV_SLAVE;
	ret = netdev_master_upper_dev_link(port_dev, dev, NULL, NULL, extack);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto err;

	cycle_netdev(port_dev, extack);

	return 0;

err:
	port_dev->priv_flags &= ~IFF_L3MDEV_SLAVE;
	return ret;
}

static int vrf_add_slave(struct net_device *dev, struct net_device *port_dev,
			 struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
	if (netif_is_l3_master(port_dev)) {
		NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack,
			       "Can not enslave an L3 master device to a VRF");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (netif_is_l3_slave(port_dev))
		return -EINVAL;

	return do_vrf_add_slave(dev, port_dev, extack);
}

/* inverse of do_vrf_add_slave */
static int do_vrf_del_slave(struct net_device *dev, struct net_device *port_dev)
{
	netdev_upper_dev_unlink(port_dev, dev);
	port_dev->priv_flags &= ~IFF_L3MDEV_SLAVE;

	cycle_netdev(port_dev, NULL);

	return 0;
}

static int vrf_del_slave(struct net_device *dev, struct net_device *port_dev)
{
	return do_vrf_del_slave(dev, port_dev);
}

static void vrf_dev_uninit(struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);

	vrf_rtable_release(dev, vrf);
	vrf_rt6_release(dev, vrf);
}

static int vrf_dev_init(struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);

	/* create the default dst which points back to us */
	if (vrf_rtable_create(dev) != 0)
		goto out_nomem;

	if (vrf_rt6_create(dev) != 0)
		goto out_rth;

	dev->flags = IFF_MASTER | IFF_NOARP;

	/* similarly, oper state is irrelevant; set to up to avoid confusion */
	dev->operstate = IF_OPER_UP;
	netdev_lockdep_set_classes(dev);
	return 0;

out_rth:
	vrf_rtable_release(dev, vrf);
out_nomem:
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static const struct net_device_ops vrf_netdev_ops = {
	.ndo_init		= vrf_dev_init,
	.ndo_uninit		= vrf_dev_uninit,
	.ndo_start_xmit		= vrf_xmit,
	.ndo_set_mac_address	= eth_mac_addr,
	.ndo_add_slave		= vrf_add_slave,
	.ndo_del_slave		= vrf_del_slave,
};

static u32 vrf_fib_table(const struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);

	return vrf->tb_id;
}

static int vrf_rcv_finish(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	kfree_skb(skb);
	return 0;
}

static struct sk_buff *vrf_rcv_nfhook(u8 pf, unsigned int hook,
				      struct sk_buff *skb,
				      struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct net *net = dev_net(dev);

	if (nf_hook(pf, hook, net, NULL, skb, dev, NULL, vrf_rcv_finish) != 1)
		skb = NULL;    /* kfree_skb(skb) handled by nf code */

	return skb;
}

static int vrf_prepare_mac_header(struct sk_buff *skb,
				  struct net_device *vrf_dev, u16 proto)
{
	struct ethhdr *eth;
	int err;

	/* in general, we do not know if there is enough space in the head of
	 * the packet for hosting the mac header.
	 */
	err = skb_cow_head(skb, LL_RESERVED_SPACE(vrf_dev));
	if (unlikely(err))
		/* no space in the skb head */
		return -ENOBUFS;

	__skb_push(skb, ETH_HLEN);
	eth = (struct ethhdr *)skb->data;

	skb_reset_mac_header(skb);
	skb_reset_mac_len(skb);

	/* we set the ethernet destination and the source addresses to the
	 * address of the VRF device.
	 */
	ether_addr_copy(eth->h_dest, vrf_dev->dev_addr);
	ether_addr_copy(eth->h_source, vrf_dev->dev_addr);
	eth->h_proto = htons(proto);

	/* the destination address of the Ethernet frame corresponds to the
	 * address set on the VRF interface; therefore, the packet is intended
	 * to be processed locally.
	 */
	skb->protocol = eth->h_proto;
	skb->pkt_type = PACKET_HOST;

	skb_postpush_rcsum(skb, skb->data, ETH_HLEN);

	skb_pull_inline(skb, ETH_HLEN);

	return 0;
}

/* prepare and add the mac header to the packet if it was not set previously.
 * In this way, packet sniffers such as tcpdump can parse the packet correctly.
 * If the mac header was already set, the original mac header is left
 * untouched and the function returns immediately.
 */
static int vrf_add_mac_header_if_unset(struct sk_buff *skb,
				       struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				       u16 proto, struct net_device *orig_dev)
{
	if (skb_mac_header_was_set(skb) && dev_has_header(orig_dev))
		return 0;

	return vrf_prepare_mac_header(skb, vrf_dev, proto);
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
/* neighbor handling is done with actual device; do not want
 * to flip skb->dev for those ndisc packets. This really fails
 * for multiple next protocols (e.g., NEXTHDR_HOP). But it is
 * a start.
 */
static bool ipv6_ndisc_frame(const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	const struct ipv6hdr *iph = ipv6_hdr(skb);
	bool rc = false;

	if (iph->nexthdr == NEXTHDR_ICMP) {
		const struct icmp6hdr *icmph;
		struct icmp6hdr _icmph;

		icmph = skb_header_pointer(skb, sizeof(*iph),
					   sizeof(_icmph), &_icmph);
		if (!icmph)
			goto out;

		switch (icmph->icmp6_type) {
		case NDISC_ROUTER_SOLICITATION:
		case NDISC_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT:
		case NDISC_NEIGHBOUR_SOLICITATION:
		case NDISC_NEIGHBOUR_ADVERTISEMENT:
		case NDISC_REDIRECT:
			rc = true;
			break;
		}
	}

out:
	return rc;
}

static struct rt6_info *vrf_ip6_route_lookup(struct net *net,
					     const struct net_device *dev,
					     struct flowi6 *fl6,
					     int ifindex,
					     const struct sk_buff *skb,
					     int flags)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);

	return ip6_pol_route(net, vrf->fib6_table, ifindex, fl6, skb, flags);
}

static void vrf_ip6_input_dst(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *vrf_dev,
			      int ifindex)
{
	const struct ipv6hdr *iph = ipv6_hdr(skb);
	struct flowi6 fl6 = {
		.flowi6_iif     = ifindex,
		.flowi6_mark    = skb->mark,
		.flowi6_proto   = iph->nexthdr,
		.daddr          = iph->daddr,
		.saddr          = iph->saddr,
		.flowlabel      = ip6_flowinfo(iph),
	};
	struct net *net = dev_net(vrf_dev);
	struct rt6_info *rt6;

	rt6 = vrf_ip6_route_lookup(net, vrf_dev, &fl6, ifindex, skb,
				   RT6_LOOKUP_F_HAS_SADDR | RT6_LOOKUP_F_IFACE);
	if (unlikely(!rt6))
		return;

	if (unlikely(&rt6->dst == &net->ipv6.ip6_null_entry->dst))
		return;

	skb_dst_set(skb, &rt6->dst);
}

static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip6_rcv(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				   struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int orig_iif = skb->skb_iif;
	bool need_strict = rt6_need_strict(&ipv6_hdr(skb)->daddr);
	bool is_ndisc = ipv6_ndisc_frame(skb);

	/* loopback, multicast & non-ND link-local traffic; do not push through
	 * packet taps again. Reset pkt_type for upper layers to process skb.
	 * For non-loopback strict packets, determine the dst using the original
	 * ifindex.
	 */
	if (skb->pkt_type == PACKET_LOOPBACK || (need_strict && !is_ndisc)) {
		skb->dev = vrf_dev;
		skb->skb_iif = vrf_dev->ifindex;
		IP6CB(skb)->flags |= IP6SKB_L3SLAVE;

		if (skb->pkt_type == PACKET_LOOPBACK)
			skb->pkt_type = PACKET_HOST;
		else
			vrf_ip6_input_dst(skb, vrf_dev, orig_iif);

		goto out;
	}

	/* if packet is NDISC then keep the ingress interface */
	if (!is_ndisc) {
		struct net_device *orig_dev = skb->dev;

		dev_dstats_rx_add(vrf_dev, skb->len);
		skb->dev = vrf_dev;
		skb->skb_iif = vrf_dev->ifindex;

		if (!list_empty(&vrf_dev->ptype_all)) {
			int err;

			err = vrf_add_mac_header_if_unset(skb, vrf_dev,
							  ETH_P_IPV6,
							  orig_dev);
			if (likely(!err)) {
				skb_push(skb, skb->mac_len);
				dev_queue_xmit_nit(skb, vrf_dev);
				skb_pull(skb, skb->mac_len);
			}
		}

		IP6CB(skb)->flags |= IP6SKB_L3SLAVE;
	}

	if (need_strict)
		vrf_ip6_input_dst(skb, vrf_dev, orig_iif);

	skb = vrf_rcv_nfhook(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_PRE_ROUTING, skb, vrf_dev);
out:
	return skb;
}

#else
static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip6_rcv(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				   struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	return skb;
}
#endif

static struct sk_buff *vrf_ip_rcv(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				  struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct net_device *orig_dev = skb->dev;

	skb->dev = vrf_dev;
	skb->skb_iif = vrf_dev->ifindex;
	IPCB(skb)->flags |= IPSKB_L3SLAVE;

	if (ipv4_is_multicast(ip_hdr(skb)->daddr))
		goto out;

	/* loopback traffic; do not push through packet taps again.
	 * Reset pkt_type for upper layers to process skb
	 */
	if (skb->pkt_type == PACKET_LOOPBACK) {
		skb->pkt_type = PACKET_HOST;
		goto out;
	}

	dev_dstats_rx_add(vrf_dev, skb->len);

	if (!list_empty(&vrf_dev->ptype_all)) {
		int err;

		err = vrf_add_mac_header_if_unset(skb, vrf_dev, ETH_P_IP,
						  orig_dev);
		if (likely(!err)) {
			skb_push(skb, skb->mac_len);
			dev_queue_xmit_nit(skb, vrf_dev);
			skb_pull(skb, skb->mac_len);
		}
	}

	skb = vrf_rcv_nfhook(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_PRE_ROUTING, skb, vrf_dev);
out:
	return skb;
}

/* called with rcu lock held */
static struct sk_buff *vrf_l3_rcv(struct net_device *vrf_dev,
				  struct sk_buff *skb,
				  u16 proto)
{
	switch (proto) {
	case AF_INET:
		return vrf_ip_rcv(vrf_dev, skb);
	case AF_INET6:
		return vrf_ip6_rcv(vrf_dev, skb);
	}

	return skb;
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
/* send to link-local or multicast address via interface enslaved to
 * VRF device. Force lookup to VRF table without changing flow struct
 * Note: Caller to this function must hold rcu_read_lock() and no refcnt
 * is taken on the dst by this function.
 */
static struct dst_entry *vrf_link_scope_lookup(const struct net_device *dev,
					      struct flowi6 *fl6)
{
	struct net *net = dev_net(dev);
	int flags = RT6_LOOKUP_F_IFACE | RT6_LOOKUP_F_DST_NOREF;
	struct dst_entry *dst = NULL;
	struct rt6_info *rt;

	/* VRF device does not have a link-local address and
	 * sending packets to link-local or mcast addresses over
	 * a VRF device does not make sense
	 */
	if (fl6->flowi6_oif == dev->ifindex) {
		dst = &net->ipv6.ip6_null_entry->dst;
		return dst;
	}

	if (!ipv6_addr_any(&fl6->saddr))
		flags |= RT6_LOOKUP_F_HAS_SADDR;

	rt = vrf_ip6_route_lookup(net, dev, fl6, fl6->flowi6_oif, NULL, flags);
	if (rt)
		dst = &rt->dst;

	return dst;
}
#endif

static const struct l3mdev_ops vrf_l3mdev_ops = {
	.l3mdev_fib_table	= vrf_fib_table,
	.l3mdev_l3_rcv		= vrf_l3_rcv,
	.l3mdev_l3_out		= vrf_l3_out,
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
	.l3mdev_link_scope_lookup = vrf_link_scope_lookup,
#endif
};

static void vrf_get_drvinfo(struct net_device *dev,
			    struct ethtool_drvinfo *info)
{
	strscpy(info->driver, DRV_NAME, sizeof(info->driver));
	strscpy(info->version, DRV_VERSION, sizeof(info->version));
}

static const struct ethtool_ops vrf_ethtool_ops = {
	.get_drvinfo	= vrf_get_drvinfo,
};

static inline size_t vrf_fib_rule_nl_size(void)
{
	size_t sz;

	sz  = NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct fib_rule_hdr));
	sz += nla_total_size(sizeof(u8));	/* FRA_L3MDEV */
	sz += nla_total_size(sizeof(u32));	/* FRA_PRIORITY */
	sz += nla_total_size(sizeof(u8));       /* FRA_PROTOCOL */

	return sz;
}

static int vrf_fib_rule(const struct net_device *dev, __u8 family, bool add_it)
{
	struct fib_rule_hdr *frh;
	struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	int err;

	if ((family == AF_INET6 || family == RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR) &&
	    !ipv6_mod_enabled())
		return 0;

	skb = nlmsg_new(vrf_fib_rule_nl_size(), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!skb)
		return -ENOMEM;

	nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, 0, 0, 0, sizeof(*frh), 0);
	if (!nlh)
		goto nla_put_failure;

	/* rule only needs to appear once */
	nlh->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_EXCL;

	frh = nlmsg_data(nlh);
	memset(frh, 0, sizeof(*frh));
	frh->family = family;
	frh->action = FR_ACT_TO_TBL;

	if (nla_put_u8(skb, FRA_PROTOCOL, RTPROT_KERNEL))
		goto nla_put_failure;

	if (nla_put_u8(skb, FRA_L3MDEV, 1))
		goto nla_put_failure;

	if (nla_put_u32(skb, FRA_PRIORITY, FIB_RULE_PREF))
		goto nla_put_failure;

	nlmsg_end(skb, nlh);

	/* fib_nl_{new,del}rule handling looks for net from skb->sk */
	skb->sk = dev_net(dev)->rtnl;
	if (add_it) {
		err = fib_nl_newrule(skb, nlh, NULL);
		if (err == -EEXIST)
			err = 0;
	} else {
		err = fib_nl_delrule(skb, nlh, NULL);
		if (err == -ENOENT)
			err = 0;
	}
	nlmsg_free(skb);

	return err;

nla_put_failure:
	nlmsg_free(skb);

	return -EMSGSIZE;
}

static int vrf_add_fib_rules(const struct net_device *dev)
{
	int err;

	err = vrf_fib_rule(dev, AF_INET,  true);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out_err;

	err = vrf_fib_rule(dev, AF_INET6, true);
	if (err < 0)
		goto ipv6_err;

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IP_MROUTE_MULTIPLE_TABLES)
	err = vrf_fib_rule(dev, RTNL_FAMILY_IPMR, true);
	if (err < 0)
		goto ipmr_err;
#endif

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6_MROUTE_MULTIPLE_TABLES)
	err = vrf_fib_rule(dev, RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR, true);
	if (err < 0)
		goto ip6mr_err;
#endif

	return 0;

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6_MROUTE_MULTIPLE_TABLES)
ip6mr_err:
	vrf_fib_rule(dev, RTNL_FAMILY_IPMR,  false);
#endif

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IP_MROUTE_MULTIPLE_TABLES)
ipmr_err:
	vrf_fib_rule(dev, AF_INET6,  false);
#endif

ipv6_err:
	vrf_fib_rule(dev, AF_INET,  false);

out_err:
	netdev_err(dev, "Failed to add FIB rules.\n");
	return err;
}

static void vrf_setup(struct net_device *dev)
{
	ether_setup(dev);

	/* Initialize the device structure. */
	dev->netdev_ops = &vrf_netdev_ops;
	dev->l3mdev_ops = &vrf_l3mdev_ops;
	dev->ethtool_ops = &vrf_ethtool_ops;
	dev->needs_free_netdev = true;

	/* Fill in device structure with ethernet-generic values. */
	eth_hw_addr_random(dev);

	/* don't acquire vrf device's netif_tx_lock when transmitting */
	dev->lltx = true;

	/* don't allow vrf devices to change network namespaces. */
	dev->netns_local = true;

	/* does not make sense for a VLAN to be added to a vrf device */
	dev->features   |= NETIF_F_VLAN_CHALLENGED;

	/* enable offload features */
	dev->features   |= NETIF_F_GSO_SOFTWARE;
	dev->features   |= NETIF_F_RXCSUM | NETIF_F_HW_CSUM | NETIF_F_SCTP_CRC;
	dev->features   |= NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_FRAGLIST | NETIF_F_HIGHDMA;

	dev->hw_features = dev->features;
	dev->hw_enc_features = dev->features;

	/* default to no qdisc; user can add if desired */
	dev->priv_flags |= IFF_NO_QUEUE;
	dev->priv_flags |= IFF_NO_RX_HANDLER;
	dev->priv_flags |= IFF_LIVE_ADDR_CHANGE;

	/* VRF devices do not care about MTU, but if the MTU is set
	 * too low then the ipv4 and ipv6 protocols are disabled
	 * which breaks networking.
	 */
	dev->min_mtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU;
	dev->max_mtu = IP6_MAX_MTU;
	dev->mtu = dev->max_mtu;

	dev->pcpu_stat_type = NETDEV_PCPU_STAT_DSTATS;
}

static int vrf_validate(struct nlattr *tb[], struct nlattr *data[],
			struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
	if (tb[IFLA_ADDRESS]) {
		if (nla_len(tb[IFLA_ADDRESS]) != ETH_ALEN) {
			NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Invalid hardware address");
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		if (!is_valid_ether_addr(nla_data(tb[IFLA_ADDRESS]))) {
			NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Invalid hardware address");
			return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static void vrf_dellink(struct net_device *dev, struct list_head *head)
{
	struct net_device *port_dev;
	struct list_head *iter;

	netdev_for_each_lower_dev(dev, port_dev, iter)
		vrf_del_slave(dev, port_dev);

	vrf_map_unregister_dev(dev);

	unregister_netdevice_queue(dev, head);
}

static int vrf_newlink(struct net *src_net, struct net_device *dev,
		       struct nlattr *tb[], struct nlattr *data[],
		       struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);
	struct netns_vrf *nn_vrf;
	bool *add_fib_rules;
	struct net *net;
	int err;

	if (!data || !data[IFLA_VRF_TABLE]) {
		NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "VRF table id is missing");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	vrf->tb_id = nla_get_u32(data[IFLA_VRF_TABLE]);
	if (vrf->tb_id == RT_TABLE_UNSPEC) {
		NL_SET_ERR_MSG_ATTR(extack, data[IFLA_VRF_TABLE],
				    "Invalid VRF table id");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	dev->priv_flags |= IFF_L3MDEV_MASTER;

	err = register_netdevice(dev);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	/* mapping between table_id and vrf;
	 * note: such binding could not be done in the dev init function
	 * because dev->ifindex id is not available yet.
	 */
	vrf->ifindex = dev->ifindex;

	err = vrf_map_register_dev(dev, extack);
	if (err) {
		unregister_netdevice(dev);
		goto out;
	}

	net = dev_net(dev);
	nn_vrf = net_generic(net, vrf_net_id);

	add_fib_rules = &nn_vrf->add_fib_rules;
	if (*add_fib_rules) {
		err = vrf_add_fib_rules(dev);
		if (err) {
			vrf_map_unregister_dev(dev);
			unregister_netdevice(dev);
			goto out;
		}
		*add_fib_rules = false;
	}

out:
	return err;
}

static size_t vrf_nl_getsize(const struct net_device *dev)
{
	return nla_total_size(sizeof(u32));  /* IFLA_VRF_TABLE */
}

static int vrf_fillinfo(struct sk_buff *skb,
			const struct net_device *dev)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(dev);

	return nla_put_u32(skb, IFLA_VRF_TABLE, vrf->tb_id);
}

static size_t vrf_get_slave_size(const struct net_device *bond_dev,
				 const struct net_device *slave_dev)
{
	return nla_total_size(sizeof(u32));  /* IFLA_VRF_PORT_TABLE */
}

static int vrf_fill_slave_info(struct sk_buff *skb,
			       const struct net_device *vrf_dev,
			       const struct net_device *slave_dev)
{
	struct net_vrf *vrf = netdev_priv(vrf_dev);

	if (nla_put_u32(skb, IFLA_VRF_PORT_TABLE, vrf->tb_id))
		return -EMSGSIZE;

	return 0;
}

static const struct nla_policy vrf_nl_policy[IFLA_VRF_MAX + 1] = {
	[IFLA_VRF_TABLE] = { .type = NLA_U32 },
};

static struct rtnl_link_ops vrf_link_ops __read_mostly = {
	.kind		= DRV_NAME,
	.priv_size	= sizeof(struct net_vrf),

	.get_size	= vrf_nl_getsize,
	.policy		= vrf_nl_policy,
	.validate	= vrf_validate,
	.fill_info	= vrf_fillinfo,

	.get_slave_size  = vrf_get_slave_size,
	.fill_slave_info = vrf_fill_slave_info,

	.newlink	= vrf_newlink,
	.dellink	= vrf_dellink,
	.setup		= vrf_setup,
	.maxtype	= IFLA_VRF_MAX,
};

static int vrf_device_event(struct notifier_block *unused,
			    unsigned long event, void *ptr)
{
	struct net_device *dev = netdev_notifier_info_to_dev(ptr);

	/* only care about unregister events to drop slave references */
	if (event == NETDEV_UNREGISTER) {
		struct net_device *vrf_dev;

		if (!netif_is_l3_slave(dev))
			goto out;

		vrf_dev = netdev_master_upper_dev_get(dev);
		vrf_del_slave(vrf_dev, dev);
	}
out:
	return NOTIFY_DONE;
}

static struct notifier_block vrf_notifier_block __read_mostly = {
	.notifier_call = vrf_device_event,
};

static int vrf_map_init(struct vrf_map *vmap)
{
	spin_lock_init(&vmap->vmap_lock);
	hash_init(vmap->ht);

	vmap->strict_mode = false;

	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
static bool vrf_strict_mode(struct vrf_map *vmap)
{
	bool strict_mode;

	vrf_map_lock(vmap);
	strict_mode = vmap->strict_mode;
	vrf_map_unlock(vmap);

	return strict_mode;
}

static int vrf_strict_mode_change(struct vrf_map *vmap, bool new_mode)
{
	bool *cur_mode;
	int res = 0;

	vrf_map_lock(vmap);

	cur_mode = &vmap->strict_mode;
	if (*cur_mode == new_mode)
		goto unlock;

	if (*cur_mode) {
		/* disable strict mode */
		*cur_mode = false;
	} else {
		if (vmap->shared_tables) {
			/* we cannot allow strict_mode because there are some
			 * vrfs that share one or more tables.
			 */
			res = -EBUSY;
			goto unlock;
		}

		/* no tables are shared among vrfs, so we can go back
		 * to 1:1 association between a vrf with its table.
		 */
		*cur_mode = true;
	}

unlock:
	vrf_map_unlock(vmap);

	return res;
}

static int vrf_shared_table_handler(const struct ctl_table *table, int write,
				    void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
	struct net *net = (struct net *)table->extra1;
	struct vrf_map *vmap = netns_vrf_map(net);
	int proc_strict_mode = 0;
	struct ctl_table tmp = {
		.procname	= table->procname,
		.data		= &proc_strict_mode,
		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
		.mode		= table->mode,
		.extra1		= SYSCTL_ZERO,
		.extra2		= SYSCTL_ONE,
	};
	int ret;

	if (!write)
		proc_strict_mode = vrf_strict_mode(vmap);

	ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(&tmp, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);

	if (write && ret == 0)
		ret = vrf_strict_mode_change(vmap, (bool)proc_strict_mode);

	return ret;
}

static const struct ctl_table vrf_table[] = {
	{
		.procname	= "strict_mode",
		.data		= NULL,
		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
		.mode		= 0644,
		.proc_handler	= vrf_shared_table_handler,
		/* set by the vrf_netns_init */
		.extra1		= NULL,
	},
};

static int vrf_netns_init_sysctl(struct net *net, struct netns_vrf *nn_vrf)
{
	struct ctl_table *table;

	table = kmemdup(vrf_table, sizeof(vrf_table), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!table)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* init the extra1 parameter with the reference to current netns */
	table[0].extra1 = net;

	nn_vrf->ctl_hdr = register_net_sysctl_sz(net, "net/vrf", table,
						 ARRAY_SIZE(vrf_table));
	if (!nn_vrf->ctl_hdr) {
		kfree(table);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void vrf_netns_exit_sysctl(struct net *net)
{
	struct netns_vrf *nn_vrf = net_generic(net, vrf_net_id);
	const struct ctl_table *table;

	table = nn_vrf->ctl_hdr->ctl_table_arg;
	unregister_net_sysctl_table(nn_vrf->ctl_hdr);
	kfree(table);
}
#else
static int vrf_netns_init_sysctl(struct net *net, struct netns_vrf *nn_vrf)
{
	return 0;
}

static void vrf_netns_exit_sysctl(struct net *net)
{
}
#endif

/* Initialize per network namespace state */
static int __net_init vrf_netns_init(struct net *net)
{
	struct netns_vrf *nn_vrf = net_generic(net, vrf_net_id);

	nn_vrf->add_fib_rules = true;
	vrf_map_init(&nn_vrf->vmap);

	return vrf_netns_init_sysctl(net, nn_vrf);
}

static void __net_exit vrf_netns_exit(struct net *net)
{
	vrf_netns_exit_sysctl(net);
}

static struct pernet_operations vrf_net_ops __net_initdata = {
	.init = vrf_netns_init,
	.exit = vrf_netns_exit,
	.id   = &vrf_net_id,
	.size = sizeof(struct netns_vrf),
};

static int __init vrf_init_module(void)
{
	int rc;

	register_netdevice_notifier(&vrf_notifier_block);

	rc = register_pernet_subsys(&vrf_net_ops);
	if (rc < 0)
		goto error;

	rc = l3mdev_table_lookup_register(L3MDEV_TYPE_VRF,
					  vrf_ifindex_lookup_by_table_id);
	if (rc < 0)
		goto unreg_pernet;

	rc = rtnl_link_register(&vrf_link_ops);
	if (rc < 0)
		goto table_lookup_unreg;

	return 0;

table_lookup_unreg:
	l3mdev_table_lookup_unregister(L3MDEV_TYPE_VRF,
				       vrf_ifindex_lookup_by_table_id);

unreg_pernet:
	unregister_pernet_subsys(&vrf_net_ops);

error:
	unregister_netdevice_notifier(&vrf_notifier_block);
	return rc;
}

module_init(vrf_init_module);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Shrijeet Mukherjee, David Ahern");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Device driver to instantiate VRF domains");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_ALIAS_RTNL_LINK(DRV_NAME);
MODULE_VERSION(DRV_VERSION);