xref: /aosp_15_r20/external/mesa3d/src/gallium/drivers/iris/iris_bufmgr.c (revision 6104692788411f58d303aa86923a9ff6ecaded22)

/*
 * Copyright © 2017 Intel Corporation
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * @file iris_bufmgr.c
 *
 * The Iris buffer manager.
 *
 * XXX: write better comments
 * - BOs
 * - Explain BO cache
 * - main interface to GEM in the kernel
 */

#include <util/u_atomic.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "errno.h"
#include "common/intel_aux_map.h"
#include "common/intel_mem.h"
#include "c99_alloca.h"
#include "dev/intel_debug.h"
#include "common/intel_common.h"
#include "common/intel_gem.h"
#include "dev/intel_device_info.h"
#include "drm-uapi/dma-buf.h"
#include "isl/isl.h"
#include "util/os_mman.h"
#include "util/u_debug.h"
#include "util/macros.h"
#include "util/hash_table.h"
#include "util/list.h"
#include "util/os_file.h"
#include "util/u_dynarray.h"
#include "util/vma.h"
#include "iris_bufmgr.h"
#include "iris_context.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "iris_kmd_backend.h"
#include "i915/iris_bufmgr.h"
#include "xe/iris_bufmgr.h"

#include <xf86drm.h>

#ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND
#include <valgrind.h>
#include <memcheck.h>
#define VG(x) x
#else
#define VG(x)
#endif

/* VALGRIND_FREELIKE_BLOCK unfortunately does not actually undo the earlier
 * VALGRIND_MALLOCLIKE_BLOCK but instead leaves vg convinced the memory is
 * leaked. All because it does not call VG(cli_free) from its
 * VG_USERREQ__FREELIKE_BLOCK handler. Instead of treating the memory like
 * and allocation, we mark it available for use upon mmapping and remove
 * it upon unmapping.
 */
#define VG_DEFINED(ptr, size) VG(VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(ptr, size))
#define VG_NOACCESS(ptr, size) VG(VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS(ptr, size))

/* On FreeBSD PAGE_SIZE is already defined in
 * /usr/include/machine/param.h that is indirectly
 * included here.
 */
#ifndef PAGE_SIZE
#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
#endif

#define WARN_ONCE(cond, fmt...) do {                            \
   if (unlikely(cond)) {                                        \
      static bool _warned = false;                              \
      if (!_warned) {                                           \
         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: ");                          \
         fprintf(stderr, fmt);                                  \
         _warned = true;                                        \
      }                                                         \
   }                                                            \
} while (0)

#define FILE_DEBUG_FLAG DEBUG_BUFMGR

/**
 * For debugging purposes, this returns a time in seconds.
 */
static double
get_time(void)
{
   struct timespec tp;

   clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tp);

   return tp.tv_sec + tp.tv_nsec / 1000000000.0;
}

static inline int
atomic_add_unless(int *v, int add, int unless)
{
   int c, old;
   c = p_atomic_read(v);
   while (c != unless && (old = p_atomic_cmpxchg(v, c, c + add)) != c)
      c = old;
   return c == unless;
}

static const char *
memzone_name(enum iris_memory_zone memzone)
{
   const char *names[] = {
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_SHADER]   = "shader",
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_BINDER]   = "binder",
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_SCRATCH]  = "scratchsurf",
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_SURFACE]  = "surface",
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC]  = "dynamic",
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER]    = "other",
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_BORDER_COLOR_POOL] = "bordercolor",
   };
   assert(memzone < ARRAY_SIZE(names));
   return names[memzone];
}

struct bo_cache_bucket {
   /** List of cached BOs. */
   struct list_head head;

   /** Size of this bucket, in bytes. */
   uint64_t size;
};

struct bo_export {
   /** File descriptor associated with a handle export. */
   int drm_fd;

   /** GEM handle in drm_fd */
   uint32_t gem_handle;

   struct list_head link;
};

struct iris_memregion {
   struct intel_memory_class_instance *region;
   uint64_t size;
};

#define NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS 3

struct iris_slab {
   struct pb_slab base;

   /** The BO representing the entire slab */
   struct iris_bo *bo;

   /** Array of iris_bo structs representing BOs allocated out of this slab */
   struct iris_bo *entries;
};

#define BUCKET_ARRAY_SIZE (14 * 4)

struct iris_bucket_cache {
   struct bo_cache_bucket bucket[BUCKET_ARRAY_SIZE];
   int num_buckets;
};

struct iris_bufmgr {
   /**
    * List into the list of bufmgr.
    */
   struct list_head link;

   uint32_t refcount;

   int fd;

   simple_mtx_t lock;
   simple_mtx_t bo_deps_lock;

   /** Array of lists of cached gem objects of power-of-two sizes */
   struct iris_bucket_cache *bucket_cache;

   time_t time;

   struct hash_table *name_table;
   struct hash_table *handle_table;

   /**
    * List of BOs which we've effectively freed, but are hanging on to
    * until they're idle before closing and returning the VMA.
    */
   struct list_head zombie_list;

   struct util_vma_heap vma_allocator[IRIS_MEMZONE_COUNT];

   struct iris_memregion vram, sys;

   /* Used only when use_global_vm is true. */
   uint32_t global_vm_id;

   int next_screen_id;

   struct intel_device_info devinfo;
   const struct iris_kmd_backend *kmd_backend;
   struct intel_bind_timeline bind_timeline; /* Xe only */
   bool bo_reuse:1;
   bool use_global_vm:1;

   struct intel_aux_map_context *aux_map_ctx;

   struct pb_slabs bo_slabs[NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS];

   struct iris_border_color_pool border_color_pool;

   struct iris_bo *dummy_aux_bo;
};

static simple_mtx_t global_bufmgr_list_mutex = SIMPLE_MTX_INITIALIZER;
static struct list_head global_bufmgr_list = {
   .next = &global_bufmgr_list,
   .prev = &global_bufmgr_list,
};

static void bo_free(struct iris_bo *bo);

static struct iris_bo *
find_and_ref_external_bo(struct hash_table *ht, unsigned int key)
{
   struct hash_entry *entry = _mesa_hash_table_search(ht, &key);
   struct iris_bo *bo = entry ? entry->data : NULL;

   if (bo) {
      assert(iris_bo_is_external(bo));
      assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));
      assert(!bo->real.reusable);

      /* Being non-reusable, the BO cannot be in the cache lists, but it
       * may be in the zombie list if it had reached zero references, but
       * we hadn't yet closed it...and then reimported the same BO.  If it
       * is, then remove it since it's now been resurrected.
       */
      if (list_is_linked(&bo->head))
         list_del(&bo->head);

      iris_bo_reference(bo);
   }

   return bo;
}

/**
 * This function finds the correct bucket fit for the input size.
 * The function works with O(1) complexity when the requested size
 * was queried instead of iterating the size through all the buckets.
 */
static struct bo_cache_bucket *
bucket_for_size(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, uint64_t size,
                enum iris_heap heap, unsigned flags)
{
   if (flags & BO_ALLOC_PROTECTED)
      return NULL;

   /* TODO: Enable bo cache for compressed bos
    * https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/issues/11362
    */
   if (bufmgr->devinfo.verx10 == 200 && (flags & BO_ALLOC_COMPRESSED))
      return NULL;

   const struct intel_device_info *devinfo = &bufmgr->devinfo;
   struct iris_bucket_cache *cache = &bufmgr->bucket_cache[heap];

   if (devinfo->kmd_type == INTEL_KMD_TYPE_XE &&
       (flags & (BO_ALLOC_SHARED | BO_ALLOC_SCANOUT)))
      return NULL;

   /* Calculating the pages and rounding up to the page size. */
   const unsigned pages = (size + PAGE_SIZE - 1) / PAGE_SIZE;

   /* Row  Bucket sizes    clz((x-1) | 3)   Row    Column
    *        in pages                      stride   size
    *   0:   1  2  3  4 -> 30 30 30 30        4       1
    *   1:   5  6  7  8 -> 29 29 29 29        4       1
    *   2:  10 12 14 16 -> 28 28 28 28        8       2
    *   3:  20 24 28 32 -> 27 27 27 27       16       4
    */
   const unsigned row = 30 - __builtin_clz((pages - 1) | 3);
   const unsigned row_max_pages = 4 << row;

   /* The '& ~2' is the special case for row 1. In row 1, max pages /
    * 2 is 2, but the previous row maximum is zero (because there is
    * no previous row). All row maximum sizes are power of 2, so that
    * is the only case where that bit will be set.
    */
   const unsigned prev_row_max_pages = (row_max_pages / 2) & ~2;
   int col_size_log2 = row - 1;
   col_size_log2 += (col_size_log2 < 0);

   const unsigned col = (pages - prev_row_max_pages +
                        ((1 << col_size_log2) - 1)) >> col_size_log2;

   /* Calculating the index based on the row and column. */
   const unsigned index = (row * 4) + (col - 1);

   return (index < cache->num_buckets) ? &cache->bucket[index] : NULL;
}

enum iris_memory_zone
iris_memzone_for_address(uint64_t address)
{
   STATIC_ASSERT(IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER_START    > IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC_START);
   STATIC_ASSERT(IRIS_MEMZONE_SURFACE_START  > IRIS_MEMZONE_SCRATCH_START);
   STATIC_ASSERT(IRIS_MEMZONE_SCRATCH_START == IRIS_MEMZONE_BINDER_START);
   STATIC_ASSERT(IRIS_MEMZONE_BINDER_START   > IRIS_MEMZONE_SHADER_START);
   STATIC_ASSERT(IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC_START  > IRIS_MEMZONE_SURFACE_START);
   STATIC_ASSERT(IRIS_BORDER_COLOR_POOL_ADDRESS == IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC_START);

   if (address >= IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER_START)
      return IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER;

   if (address == IRIS_BORDER_COLOR_POOL_ADDRESS)
      return IRIS_MEMZONE_BORDER_COLOR_POOL;

   if (address > IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC_START)
      return IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC;

   if (address >= IRIS_MEMZONE_SURFACE_START)
      return IRIS_MEMZONE_SURFACE;

   if (address >= (IRIS_MEMZONE_BINDER_START + IRIS_SCRATCH_ZONE_SIZE))
      return IRIS_MEMZONE_BINDER;

   if (address >= IRIS_MEMZONE_SCRATCH_START)
      return IRIS_MEMZONE_SCRATCH;

   return IRIS_MEMZONE_SHADER;
}

/**
 * Allocate a section of virtual memory for a buffer, assigning an address.
 *
 * This uses either the bucket allocator for the given size, or the large
 * object allocator (util_vma).
 */
static uint64_t
vma_alloc(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
          enum iris_memory_zone memzone,
          uint64_t size,
          uint64_t alignment)
{
   simple_mtx_assert_locked(&bufmgr->lock);

   const unsigned _2mb = 2 * 1024 * 1024;

   /* Force minimum alignment based on device requirements */
   assert((alignment & (alignment - 1)) == 0);
   alignment = MAX2(alignment, bufmgr->devinfo.mem_alignment);

   /* If the allocation is a multiple of 2MB, ensure the virtual address is
    * aligned to 2MB, so that it's possible for the kernel to use 64K pages.
    */
   if (size % _2mb == 0)
      alignment = MAX2(alignment, _2mb);

   if (memzone == IRIS_MEMZONE_BORDER_COLOR_POOL)
      return IRIS_BORDER_COLOR_POOL_ADDRESS;

   uint64_t addr =
      util_vma_heap_alloc(&bufmgr->vma_allocator[memzone], size, alignment);

   assert((addr >> 48ull) == 0);
   assert((addr % alignment) == 0);

   return intel_canonical_address(addr);
}

static void
vma_free(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
         uint64_t address,
         uint64_t size)
{
   simple_mtx_assert_locked(&bufmgr->lock);

   if (address == IRIS_BORDER_COLOR_POOL_ADDRESS)
      return;

   /* Un-canonicalize the address. */
   address = intel_48b_address(address);

   if (address == 0ull)
      return;

   enum iris_memory_zone memzone = iris_memzone_for_address(address);

   assert(memzone < ARRAY_SIZE(bufmgr->vma_allocator));

   util_vma_heap_free(&bufmgr->vma_allocator[memzone], address, size);
}

/* Exports a BO's implicit synchronization state to a drm_syncobj, returning
 * its wrapping iris_syncobj. The drm_syncobj is created new and has to be
 * destroyed by the caller after the execbuf ioctl.
 */
struct iris_syncobj *
iris_bo_export_sync_state(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;
   int drm_fd = iris_bufmgr_get_fd(bufmgr);

   struct iris_syncobj *iris_syncobj = iris_create_syncobj(bufmgr);

   struct dma_buf_export_sync_file export_sync_file_ioctl = {
      .flags = DMA_BUF_SYNC_RW, /* TODO */
      .fd = -1,
   };
   if (intel_ioctl(bo->real.prime_fd, DMA_BUF_IOCTL_EXPORT_SYNC_FILE,
                   &export_sync_file_ioctl)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "DMA_BUF_IOCTL_EXPORT_SYNC_FILE ioctl failed (%d)\n",
              errno);
      goto error_export;
   }

   int sync_file_fd = export_sync_file_ioctl.fd;
   assert(sync_file_fd >= 0);

   struct drm_syncobj_handle syncobj_import_ioctl = {
      .handle = iris_syncobj->handle,
      .flags = DRM_SYNCOBJ_FD_TO_HANDLE_FLAGS_IMPORT_SYNC_FILE,
      .fd = sync_file_fd,
   };
   if (intel_ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_SYNCOBJ_FD_TO_HANDLE,
                   &syncobj_import_ioctl)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "DRM_IOCTL_SYNCOBJ_FD_TO_HANDLE ioctl failed (%d)\n",
              errno);
   }

   close(sync_file_fd);

   return iris_syncobj;
error_export:
   iris_syncobj_destroy(bufmgr, iris_syncobj);
   return NULL;
}

/* Import the state of a sync_file_fd (which we should have gotten from
 * batch_syncobj_to_sync_file_fd) into a BO as its implicit synchronization
 * state.
 */
void
iris_bo_import_sync_state(struct iris_bo *bo, int sync_file_fd)
{
   struct dma_buf_import_sync_file import_sync_file_ioctl = {
      .flags = DMA_BUF_SYNC_WRITE,
      .fd = sync_file_fd,
   };
   if (intel_ioctl(bo->real.prime_fd, DMA_BUF_IOCTL_IMPORT_SYNC_FILE,
                   &import_sync_file_ioctl))
      fprintf(stderr, "DMA_BUF_IOCTL_IMPORT_SYNC_FILE ioctl failed (%d)\n",
              errno);
}

/* A timeout of 0 just checks for busyness. */
static int
iris_bo_wait_syncobj(struct iris_bo *bo, int64_t timeout_ns)
{
   int ret = 0;
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;
   const bool is_external = iris_bo_is_real(bo) && bo->real.prime_fd != -1;
   struct iris_syncobj *external_implicit_syncobj = NULL;

   /* If we know it's idle, don't bother with the kernel round trip.
    * Can't do that for Xe KMD with external BOs since we have to check the
    * implicit synchronization information.
    */
   if (!is_external && bo->idle)
      return 0;

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->bo_deps_lock);

   const int handles_len = bo->deps_size * IRIS_BATCH_COUNT * 2 + is_external;
   uint32_t *handles = handles_len <= 32 ?
                        (uint32_t *)alloca(handles_len * sizeof(*handles)) :
                        (uint32_t *)malloc(handles_len * sizeof(*handles));
   int handle_count = 0;

   if (is_external) {
      external_implicit_syncobj = iris_bo_export_sync_state(bo);
      if (external_implicit_syncobj)
         handles[handle_count++] = external_implicit_syncobj->handle;
   }

   for (int d = 0; d < bo->deps_size; d++) {
      for (int b = 0; b < IRIS_BATCH_COUNT; b++) {
         struct iris_syncobj *r = bo->deps[d].read_syncobjs[b];
         struct iris_syncobj *w = bo->deps[d].write_syncobjs[b];
         if (r)
            handles[handle_count++] = r->handle;
         if (w)
            handles[handle_count++] = w->handle;
      }
   }

   if (handle_count == 0)
      goto out;

   /* Unlike the gem wait, negative values are not infinite here. */
   int64_t timeout_abs = os_time_get_absolute_timeout(timeout_ns);
   if (timeout_abs < 0)
      timeout_abs = INT64_MAX;

   struct drm_syncobj_wait args = {
      .handles = (uintptr_t) handles,
      .timeout_nsec = timeout_abs,
      .count_handles = handle_count,
      .flags = DRM_SYNCOBJ_WAIT_FLAGS_WAIT_ALL,
   };

   ret = intel_ioctl(bufmgr->fd, DRM_IOCTL_SYNCOBJ_WAIT, &args);
   if (ret != 0) {
      ret = -errno;
      goto out;
   }

   /* We just waited everything, so clean all the deps. */
   for (int d = 0; d < bo->deps_size; d++) {
      for (int b = 0; b < IRIS_BATCH_COUNT; b++) {
         iris_syncobj_reference(bufmgr, &bo->deps[d].write_syncobjs[b], NULL);
         iris_syncobj_reference(bufmgr, &bo->deps[d].read_syncobjs[b], NULL);
      }
   }

out:
   if (handles_len > 32)
      free(handles);
   if (external_implicit_syncobj)
      iris_syncobj_reference(bufmgr, &external_implicit_syncobj, NULL);

   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->bo_deps_lock);
   return ret;
}

static bool
iris_bo_busy_syncobj(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   return iris_bo_wait_syncobj(bo, 0) == -ETIME;
}

bool
iris_bo_busy(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   bool busy;

   switch (iris_bufmgr_get_device_info(bo->bufmgr)->kmd_type) {
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_I915:
      if (iris_bo_is_external(bo))
         busy = iris_i915_bo_busy_gem(bo);
      else
         busy = iris_bo_busy_syncobj(bo);
      break;
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_XE:
      busy = iris_bo_busy_syncobj(bo);
      break;
   default:
      unreachable("missing");
      busy = true;
   }

   bo->idle = !busy;

   return busy;
}

/**
 * Specify the volatility of the buffer.
 * \param bo Buffer to create a name for
 * \param state The purgeable status
 *
 * Use IRIS_MADVICE_DONT_NEED to mark the buffer as purgeable, and it will be
 * reclaimed under memory pressure. If you subsequently require the buffer,
 * then you must pass IRIS_MADVICE_WILL_NEED to mark the buffer as required.
 *
 * Returns true if the buffer was retained, or false if it was discarded
 * whilst marked as IRIS_MADVICE_DONT_NEED.
 */
static inline bool
iris_bo_madvise(struct iris_bo *bo, enum iris_madvice state)
{
   /* We can't madvise suballocated BOs. */
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   return bo->bufmgr->kmd_backend->bo_madvise(bo, state);
}

static struct iris_bo *
bo_calloc(void)
{
   struct iris_bo *bo = calloc(1, sizeof(*bo));
   if (!bo)
      return NULL;

   list_inithead(&bo->real.exports);

   bo->hash = _mesa_hash_pointer(bo);

   return bo;
}

static void
bo_unmap(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   VG_NOACCESS(bo->real.map, bo->size);
   os_munmap(bo->real.map, bo->size);
   bo->real.map = NULL;
}

static struct pb_slabs *
get_slabs(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, uint64_t size)
{
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS; i++) {
      struct pb_slabs *slabs = &bufmgr->bo_slabs[i];

      if (size <= 1ull << (slabs->min_order + slabs->num_orders - 1))
         return slabs;
   }

   unreachable("should have found a valid slab for this size");
}

/* Return the power of two size of a slab entry matching the input size. */
static unsigned
get_slab_pot_entry_size(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, unsigned size)
{
   unsigned entry_size = util_next_power_of_two(size);
   unsigned min_entry_size = 1 << bufmgr->bo_slabs[0].min_order;

   return MAX2(entry_size, min_entry_size);
}

/* Return the slab entry alignment. */
static unsigned
get_slab_entry_alignment(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, unsigned size)
{
   unsigned entry_size = get_slab_pot_entry_size(bufmgr, size);

   if (size <= entry_size * 3 / 4)
      return entry_size / 4;

   return entry_size;
}

static bool
iris_can_reclaim_slab(void *priv, struct pb_slab_entry *entry)
{
   struct iris_bo *bo = container_of(entry, struct iris_bo, slab.entry);

   return !iris_bo_busy(bo);
}

static void
iris_slab_free(void *priv, struct pb_slab *pslab)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = priv;
   struct iris_slab *slab = (void *) pslab;
   struct intel_aux_map_context *aux_map_ctx = bufmgr->aux_map_ctx;

   assert(!slab->bo->aux_map_address);

   /* Since we're freeing the whole slab, all buffers allocated out of it
    * must be reclaimable.  We require buffers to be idle to be reclaimed
    * (see iris_can_reclaim_slab()), so we know all entries must be idle.
    * Therefore, we can safely unmap their aux table entries.
    */
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < pslab->num_entries; i++) {
      struct iris_bo *bo = &slab->entries[i];
      if (aux_map_ctx && bo->aux_map_address) {
         intel_aux_map_unmap_range(aux_map_ctx, bo->address, bo->size);
         bo->aux_map_address = 0;
      }

      /* Unref read/write dependency syncobjs and free the array. */
      for (int d = 0; d < bo->deps_size; d++) {
         for (int b = 0; b < IRIS_BATCH_COUNT; b++) {
            iris_syncobj_reference(bufmgr, &bo->deps[d].write_syncobjs[b], NULL);
            iris_syncobj_reference(bufmgr, &bo->deps[d].read_syncobjs[b], NULL);
         }
      }
      free(bo->deps);
   }

   iris_bo_unreference(slab->bo);

   free(slab->entries);
   free(slab);
}

static struct pb_slab *
iris_slab_alloc(void *priv,
                unsigned heap,
                unsigned entry_size,
                unsigned group_index)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = priv;
   struct iris_slab *slab = calloc(1, sizeof(struct iris_slab));
   uint32_t flags = BO_ALLOC_NO_SUBALLOC;
   unsigned slab_size = 0;
   /* We only support slab allocation for IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER */
   enum iris_memory_zone memzone = IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER;

   if (!slab)
      return NULL;

   struct pb_slabs *slabs = bufmgr->bo_slabs;

   /* Determine the slab buffer size. */
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS; i++) {
      unsigned max_entry_size =
         1 << (slabs[i].min_order + slabs[i].num_orders - 1);

      if (entry_size <= max_entry_size) {
         /* The slab size is twice the size of the largest possible entry. */
         slab_size = max_entry_size * 2;

         if (!util_is_power_of_two_nonzero(entry_size)) {
            assert(util_is_power_of_two_nonzero(entry_size * 4 / 3));

            /* If the entry size is 3/4 of a power of two, we would waste
             * space and not gain anything if we allocated only twice the
             * power of two for the backing buffer:
             *
             *    2 * 3/4 = 1.5 usable with buffer size 2
             *
             * Allocating 5 times the entry size leads us to the next power
             * of two and results in a much better memory utilization:
             *
             *    5 * 3/4 = 3.75 usable with buffer size 4
             */
            if (entry_size * 5 > slab_size)
               slab_size = util_next_power_of_two(entry_size * 5);
         }

         /* The largest slab should have the same size as the PTE fragment
          * size to get faster address translation.
          *
          * TODO: move this to intel_device_info?
          */
         const unsigned pte_size = 2 * 1024 * 1024;

         if (i == NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS - 1 && slab_size < pte_size)
            slab_size = pte_size;

         break;
      }
   }
   assert(slab_size != 0);

   switch (heap) {
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED_COMPRESSED:
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_COMPRESSED:
      flags |= BO_ALLOC_COMPRESSED;
      break;
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT:
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED:
      flags |= BO_ALLOC_SMEM;
      break;
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL:
      flags |= BO_ALLOC_LMEM;
      break;
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_CPU_VISIBLE_SMALL_BAR:
      flags |= BO_ALLOC_LMEM | BO_ALLOC_CPU_VISIBLE;
      break;
   default:
      flags |= BO_ALLOC_PLAIN;
   }

   slab->bo =
      iris_bo_alloc(bufmgr, "slab", slab_size, slab_size, memzone, flags);
   if (!slab->bo)
      goto fail;

   slab_size = slab->bo->size;

   slab->base.num_entries = slab_size / entry_size;
   slab->base.num_free = slab->base.num_entries;
   slab->base.group_index = group_index;
   slab->base.entry_size = entry_size;
   slab->entries = calloc(slab->base.num_entries, sizeof(*slab->entries));
   if (!slab->entries)
      goto fail_bo;

   list_inithead(&slab->base.free);

   for (unsigned i = 0; i < slab->base.num_entries; i++) {
      struct iris_bo *bo = &slab->entries[i];

      bo->size = entry_size;
      bo->bufmgr = bufmgr;
      bo->hash = _mesa_hash_pointer(bo);
      bo->gem_handle = 0;
      bo->address = intel_canonical_address(slab->bo->address + i * entry_size);
      bo->aux_map_address = 0;
      bo->index = -1;
      bo->refcount = 0;
      bo->idle = true;
      bo->zeroed = slab->bo->zeroed;

      bo->slab.entry.slab = &slab->base;

      bo->slab.real = iris_get_backing_bo(slab->bo);

      list_addtail(&bo->slab.entry.head, &slab->base.free);
   }

   return &slab->base;

fail_bo:
   iris_bo_unreference(slab->bo);
fail:
   free(slab);
   return NULL;
}

/**
 * Selects a heap for the given buffer allocation flags.
 *
 * This determines the cacheability, coherency, and mmap mode settings.
 */
static enum iris_heap
flags_to_heap(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, unsigned flags)
{
   const struct intel_device_info *devinfo = &bufmgr->devinfo;

   if (bufmgr->vram.size > 0) {
      if (flags & BO_ALLOC_COMPRESSED)
         return IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_COMPRESSED;

      /* Discrete GPUs currently always snoop CPU caches. */
      if ((flags & BO_ALLOC_SMEM) || (flags & BO_ALLOC_COHERENT))
         return IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT;

      if ((flags & BO_ALLOC_LMEM) ||
          ((flags & BO_ALLOC_SCANOUT) && !(flags & BO_ALLOC_SHARED))) {

         if ((flags & BO_ALLOC_CPU_VISIBLE) && !intel_vram_all_mappable(devinfo))
            return IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_CPU_VISIBLE_SMALL_BAR;

         return IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL;
      }

      return IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_PREFERRED;
   } else if (devinfo->has_llc) {
      assert(!(flags & BO_ALLOC_LMEM));

      if (flags & (BO_ALLOC_SCANOUT | BO_ALLOC_SHARED))
         return IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED;

      return IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT;
   } else {
      assert(!devinfo->has_llc);
      assert(!(flags & BO_ALLOC_LMEM));

      if (flags & BO_ALLOC_COMPRESSED)
         return IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED_COMPRESSED;

      if (flags & BO_ALLOC_COHERENT)
         return IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT;

      return IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED;
   }
}

static bool
zero_bo(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
        unsigned flags,
        struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   assert(flags & BO_ALLOC_ZEROED);

   if (bo->zeroed)
      return true;

   if (bufmgr->devinfo.has_flat_ccs && (flags & BO_ALLOC_LMEM)) {
      /* With flat CCS, all allocations in LMEM have memory ranges with
       * corresponding CCS elements. These elements are only accessible
       * through GPU commands, but we don't issue GPU commands here.
       */
      return false;
   }

   void *map = iris_bo_map(NULL, bo, MAP_WRITE | MAP_RAW);
   if (!map)
      return false;

   memset(map, 0, bo->size);
   bo->zeroed = true;
   return true;
}

static struct iris_bo *
alloc_bo_from_slabs(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
                    const char *name,
                    uint64_t size,
                    uint32_t alignment,
                    unsigned flags)
{
   if (flags & BO_ALLOC_NO_SUBALLOC)
      return NULL;

   struct pb_slabs *last_slab = &bufmgr->bo_slabs[NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS - 1];
   unsigned max_slab_entry_size =
      1 << (last_slab->min_order + last_slab->num_orders - 1);

   if (size > max_slab_entry_size)
      return NULL;

   struct pb_slab_entry *entry;

   enum iris_heap heap = flags_to_heap(bufmgr, flags);

   unsigned alloc_size = size;

   /* Always use slabs for sizes less than 4 KB because the kernel aligns
    * everything to 4 KB.
    */
   if (size < alignment && alignment <= 4 * 1024)
      alloc_size = alignment;

   if (alignment > get_slab_entry_alignment(bufmgr, alloc_size)) {
      /* 3/4 allocations can return too small alignment.
       * Try again with a power of two allocation size.
       */
      unsigned pot_size = get_slab_pot_entry_size(bufmgr, alloc_size);

      if (alignment <= pot_size) {
         /* This size works but wastes some memory to fulfill the alignment. */
         alloc_size = pot_size;
      } else {
         /* can't fulfill alignment requirements */
         return NULL;
      }
   }

   struct pb_slabs *slabs = get_slabs(bufmgr, alloc_size);
   entry = pb_slab_alloc(slabs, alloc_size, heap);
   if (!entry) {
      /* Clean up and try again... */
      pb_slabs_reclaim(slabs);

      entry = pb_slab_alloc(slabs, alloc_size, heap);
   }
   if (!entry)
      return NULL;

   struct iris_bo *bo = container_of(entry, struct iris_bo, slab.entry);

   if (bo->aux_map_address && bo->bufmgr->aux_map_ctx) {
      /* This buffer was associated with an aux-buffer range.  We only allow
       * slab allocated buffers to be reclaimed when idle (not in use by an
       * executing batch).  (See iris_can_reclaim_slab().)  So we know that
       * our previous aux mapping is no longer in use, and we can safely
       * remove it.
       */
      intel_aux_map_unmap_range(bo->bufmgr->aux_map_ctx, bo->address,
                                bo->size);
      bo->aux_map_address = 0;
   }

   p_atomic_set(&bo->refcount, 1);
   bo->name = name;
   bo->size = size;

   /* Zero the contents if necessary.  If this fails, fall back to
    * allocating a fresh BO, which will always be zeroed by the kernel.
    */
   if ((flags & BO_ALLOC_ZEROED) && !zero_bo(bufmgr, flags, bo)) {
      pb_slab_free(slabs, &bo->slab.entry);
      return NULL;
   }

   return bo;
}

static struct iris_bo *
alloc_bo_from_cache(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
                    struct bo_cache_bucket *bucket,
                    uint32_t alignment,
                    enum iris_memory_zone memzone,
                    enum iris_mmap_mode mmap_mode,
                    unsigned flags,
                    bool match_zone)
{
   if (!bucket)
      return NULL;

   struct iris_bo *bo = NULL;

   simple_mtx_assert_locked(&bufmgr->lock);

   list_for_each_entry_safe(struct iris_bo, cur, &bucket->head, head) {
      assert(iris_bo_is_real(cur));

      /* Find one that's got the right mapping type.  We used to swap maps
       * around but the kernel doesn't allow this on discrete GPUs.
       */
      if (mmap_mode != cur->real.mmap_mode)
         continue;

      /* Try a little harder to find one that's already in the right memzone */
      if (match_zone && memzone != iris_memzone_for_address(cur->address))
         continue;

      if (cur->real.capture != !!(flags & BO_ALLOC_CAPTURE))
         continue;

      /* If the last BO in the cache is busy, there are no idle BOs.  Bail,
       * either falling back to a non-matching memzone, or if that fails,
       * allocating a fresh buffer.
       */
      if (iris_bo_busy(cur))
         return NULL;

      list_del(&cur->head);

      /* Tell the kernel we need this BO and check if it still exist */
      if (!iris_bo_madvise(cur, IRIS_MADVICE_WILL_NEED)) {
         /* This BO was purged, throw it out and keep looking. */
         bo_free(cur);
         continue;
      }

      if (cur->aux_map_address) {
         /* This buffer was associated with an aux-buffer range. We make sure
          * that buffers are not reused from the cache while the buffer is (busy)
          * being used by an executing batch. Since we are here, the buffer is no
          * longer being used by a batch and the buffer was deleted (in order to
          * end up in the cache). Therefore its old aux-buffer range can be
          * removed from the aux-map.
          */
         if (cur->bufmgr->aux_map_ctx)
            intel_aux_map_unmap_range(cur->bufmgr->aux_map_ctx, cur->address,
                                      cur->size);
         cur->aux_map_address = 0;
      }

      /* If the cached BO isn't in the right memory zone, or the alignment
       * isn't sufficient, free the old memory and assign it a new address.
       */
      if (memzone != iris_memzone_for_address(cur->address) ||
          cur->address % alignment != 0) {
         if (!bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_vm_unbind(cur)) {
            DBG("Unable to unbind vm of buf %u\n", cur->gem_handle);
            bo_free(cur);
            continue;
         }

         vma_free(bufmgr, cur->address, cur->size);
         cur->address = 0ull;
      }

      bo = cur;
      break;
   }

   if (!bo)
      return NULL;

   /* Zero the contents if necessary.  If this fails, fall back to
    * allocating a fresh BO, which will always be zeroed by the kernel.
    */
   assert(bo->zeroed == false);
   if ((flags & BO_ALLOC_ZEROED) && !zero_bo(bufmgr, flags, bo)) {
      bo_free(bo);
      return NULL;
   }

   return bo;
}

static struct iris_bo *
alloc_fresh_bo(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, uint64_t bo_size, unsigned flags)
{
   struct iris_bo *bo = bo_calloc();
   if (!bo)
      return NULL;

   /* Try to allocate memory in multiples of 2MB, as this allows us to use
    * 64K pages rather than the less-efficient 4K pages.  Most BOs smaller
    * than 64MB should hit the BO cache or slab allocations anyway, so this
    * shouldn't waste too much memory.  We do exclude small (< 1MB) sizes to
    * be defensive in case any of those bypass the caches and end up here.
    */
   if (bo_size >= 1024 * 1024)
      bo_size = align64(bo_size, 2 * 1024 * 1024);

   bo->real.heap = flags_to_heap(bufmgr, flags);

   const struct intel_memory_class_instance *regions[2];
   uint16_t num_regions = 0;

   if (bufmgr->vram.size > 0) {
      switch (bo->real.heap) {
      case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_PREFERRED:
         /* For vram allocations, still use system memory as a fallback. */
         regions[num_regions++] = bufmgr->vram.region;
         regions[num_regions++] = bufmgr->sys.region;
         break;
      case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL:
      case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_CPU_VISIBLE_SMALL_BAR:
      case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_COMPRESSED:
         regions[num_regions++] = bufmgr->vram.region;
         break;
      case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT:
         regions[num_regions++] = bufmgr->sys.region;
         break;
      case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED_COMPRESSED:
         /* not valid, compressed in discrete is always created with
          * IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_PREFERRED_COMPRESSED
          */
      case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED:
         /* not valid; discrete cards always enable snooping */
      case IRIS_HEAP_MAX:
         unreachable("invalid heap for BO");
      }
   } else {
      regions[num_regions++] = bufmgr->sys.region;
   }

   bo->gem_handle = bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_create(bufmgr, regions,
                                                    num_regions, bo_size,
                                                    bo->real.heap, flags);
   if (bo->gem_handle == 0) {
      free(bo);
      return NULL;
   }
   bo->bufmgr = bufmgr;
   bo->size = bo_size;
   bo->idle = true;
   bo->zeroed = true;
   bo->real.capture = (flags & BO_ALLOC_CAPTURE) != 0;

   return bo;
}

const char *
iris_heap_to_string[IRIS_HEAP_MAX] = {
   [IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT] = "system-cached-coherent",
   [IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED] = "system-uncached",
   [IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED_COMPRESSED] = "system-uncached-compressed",
   [IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL] = "local",
   [IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_COMPRESSED] = "local-compressed",
   [IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_PREFERRED] = "local-preferred",
   [IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_CPU_VISIBLE_SMALL_BAR] = "local-cpu-visible-small-bar",
};

static enum iris_mmap_mode
heap_to_mmap_mode(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, enum iris_heap heap)
{
   const struct intel_device_info *devinfo = &bufmgr->devinfo;

   switch (heap) {
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL:
      return intel_vram_all_mappable(devinfo) ? IRIS_MMAP_WC : IRIS_MMAP_NONE;
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_CPU_VISIBLE_SMALL_BAR:
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_PREFERRED:
      return IRIS_MMAP_WC;
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT:
      return IRIS_MMAP_WB;
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED:
      return IRIS_MMAP_WC;
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED_COMPRESSED:
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_COMPRESSED:
      /* compressed bos are not mmaped */
      return IRIS_MMAP_NONE;
   default:
      unreachable("invalid heap");
   }
}

struct iris_bo *
iris_bo_alloc(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
              const char *name,
              uint64_t size,
              uint32_t alignment,
              enum iris_memory_zone memzone,
              unsigned flags)
{
   struct iris_bo *bo;
   unsigned int page_size = getpagesize();
   enum iris_heap heap = flags_to_heap(bufmgr, flags);
   struct bo_cache_bucket *bucket =
      bucket_for_size(bufmgr, size, heap, flags);

   if (memzone != IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER || (flags & BO_ALLOC_COHERENT))
      flags |= BO_ALLOC_NO_SUBALLOC;

   /* By default, capture all driver-internal buffers like shader kernels,
    * surface states, dynamic states, border colors, and so on.
    */
   if (memzone < IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER || INTEL_DEBUG(DEBUG_CAPTURE_ALL))
      flags |= BO_ALLOC_CAPTURE;

   bo = alloc_bo_from_slabs(bufmgr, name, size, alignment, flags);

   if (bo)
      return bo;

   /* Round the size up to the bucket size, or if we don't have caching
    * at this size, a multiple of the page size.
    */
   uint64_t bo_size =
      bucket ? bucket->size : MAX2(align64(size, page_size), page_size);
   enum iris_mmap_mode mmap_mode = heap_to_mmap_mode(bufmgr, heap);

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);

   /* Get a buffer out of the cache if available.  First, we try to find
    * one with a matching memory zone so we can avoid reallocating VMA.
    */
   bo = alloc_bo_from_cache(bufmgr, bucket, alignment, memzone, mmap_mode,
                            flags, true);

   /* If that fails, we try for any cached BO, without matching memzone. */
   if (!bo) {
      bo = alloc_bo_from_cache(bufmgr, bucket, alignment, memzone, mmap_mode,
                               flags, false);
   }

   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

   if (!bo) {
      bo = alloc_fresh_bo(bufmgr, bo_size, flags);
      if (!bo)
         return NULL;
   }

   if (bo->address == 0ull) {
      simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
      bo->address = vma_alloc(bufmgr, memzone, bo->size, alignment);
      simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

      if (bo->address == 0ull)
         goto err_free;

      if (!bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_vm_bind(bo))
         goto err_vm_alloc;
   }

   bo->name = name;
   p_atomic_set(&bo->refcount, 1);
   bo->real.reusable = bucket && bufmgr->bo_reuse;
   bo->real.protected = flags & BO_ALLOC_PROTECTED;
   bo->index = -1;
   bo->real.prime_fd = -1;

   assert(bo->real.map == NULL || bo->real.mmap_mode == mmap_mode);
   bo->real.mmap_mode = mmap_mode;

   /* On integrated GPUs, enable snooping to ensure coherency if needed.
    * For discrete, we instead use SMEM and avoid WB maps for coherency.
    */
   if ((flags & BO_ALLOC_COHERENT) &&
       !bufmgr->devinfo.has_llc && bufmgr->devinfo.has_caching_uapi) {
      if (bufmgr->kmd_backend->bo_set_caching(bo, true) != 0)
         goto err_free;
   }

   DBG("bo_create: buf %d (%s) (%s memzone) (%s) %llub\n", bo->gem_handle,
       bo->name, memzone_name(memzone), iris_heap_to_string[bo->real.heap],
       (unsigned long long) size);

   return bo;

err_vm_alloc:
   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   vma_free(bufmgr, bo->address, bo->size);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
err_free:
   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   bo_free(bo);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
   return NULL;
}

static int
iris_bo_close(int fd, uint32_t gem_handle)
{
   struct drm_gem_close close = {
      .handle = gem_handle,
   };
   return intel_ioctl(fd, DRM_IOCTL_GEM_CLOSE, &close);
}

struct iris_bo *
iris_bo_create_userptr(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, const char *name,
                       void *ptr, size_t size,
                       enum iris_memory_zone memzone)
{
   struct iris_bo *bo;

   bo = bo_calloc();
   if (!bo)
      return NULL;

   bo->gem_handle = bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_create_userptr(bufmgr, ptr, size);
   if (bo->gem_handle == 0)
      goto err_free;

   bo->name = name;
   bo->size = size;
   bo->real.map = ptr;
   bo->real.userptr = true;

   bo->bufmgr = bufmgr;

   if (INTEL_DEBUG(DEBUG_CAPTURE_ALL))
      bo->real.capture = true;

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   bo->address = vma_alloc(bufmgr, memzone, size, 1);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

   if (bo->address == 0ull)
      goto err_close;

   p_atomic_set(&bo->refcount, 1);
   bo->index = -1;
   bo->idle = true;
   bo->real.heap = IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT;
   bo->real.mmap_mode = heap_to_mmap_mode(bufmgr, bo->real.heap);
   bo->real.prime_fd = -1;

   if (!bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_vm_bind(bo))
      goto err_vma_free;

   return bo;

err_vma_free:
   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   vma_free(bufmgr, bo->address, bo->size);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
err_close:
   bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_close(bufmgr, bo);
err_free:
   free(bo);
   return NULL;
}

static bool
needs_prime_fd(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->devinfo.kmd_type == INTEL_KMD_TYPE_XE;
}

static bool
iris_bo_set_prime_fd(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   if (needs_prime_fd(bufmgr) && bo->real.prime_fd == -1) {
      if (drmPrimeHandleToFD(bufmgr->fd, bo->gem_handle,
                             DRM_CLOEXEC | DRM_RDWR, &bo->real.prime_fd)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get prime fd for bo %s/%u\n",
                 bo->name, bo->gem_handle);
         return false;
      }
   }

   return true;
}

/**
 * Returns a iris_bo wrapping the given buffer object handle.
 *
 * This can be used when one application needs to pass a buffer object
 * to another.
 */
struct iris_bo *
iris_bo_gem_create_from_name(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
                             const char *name, unsigned int handle)
{
   struct iris_bo *bo;

   /* At the moment most applications only have a few named bo.
    * For instance, in a DRI client only the render buffers passed
    * between X and the client are named. And since X returns the
    * alternating names for the front/back buffer a linear search
    * provides a sufficiently fast match.
    */
   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   bo = find_and_ref_external_bo(bufmgr->name_table, handle);
   if (bo)
      goto out;

   struct drm_gem_open open_arg = { .name = handle };
   int ret = intel_ioctl(bufmgr->fd, DRM_IOCTL_GEM_OPEN, &open_arg);
   if (ret != 0) {
      DBG("Couldn't reference %s handle 0x%08x: %s\n",
          name, handle, strerror(errno));
      bo = NULL;
      goto out;
   }
   /* Now see if someone has used a prime handle to get this
    * object from the kernel before by looking through the list
    * again for a matching gem_handle
    */
   bo = find_and_ref_external_bo(bufmgr->handle_table, open_arg.handle);
   if (bo)
      goto out;

   bo = bo_calloc();
   if (!bo) {
      struct iris_bo close_bo = {
            .gem_handle = open_arg.handle,
      };
      bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_close(bufmgr, &close_bo);
      goto out;
   }

   p_atomic_set(&bo->refcount, 1);

   bo->size = open_arg.size;
   bo->bufmgr = bufmgr;
   bo->gem_handle = open_arg.handle;
   bo->name = name;
   bo->index = -1;
   bo->real.global_name = handle;
   bo->real.prime_fd = -1;
   bo->real.reusable = false;
   bo->real.imported = true;
   /* Xe KMD expects at least 1-way coherency for imports */
   bo->real.heap = IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT;
   bo->real.mmap_mode = IRIS_MMAP_NONE;
   if (INTEL_DEBUG(DEBUG_CAPTURE_ALL))
      bo->real.capture = true;
   bo->address = vma_alloc(bufmgr, IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER, bo->size, 1);
   if (bo->address == 0ull)
      goto err_free;

   if (!iris_bo_set_prime_fd(bo))
      goto err_vm_alloc;

   if (!bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_vm_bind(bo))
      goto err_vm_alloc;

   _mesa_hash_table_insert(bufmgr->handle_table, &bo->gem_handle, bo);
   _mesa_hash_table_insert(bufmgr->name_table, &bo->real.global_name, bo);

   DBG("bo_create_from_handle: %d (%s)\n", handle, bo->name);

out:
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
   return bo;

err_vm_alloc:
   vma_free(bufmgr, bo->address, bo->size);
err_free:
   bo_free(bo);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
   return NULL;
}

static void
bo_close(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   simple_mtx_assert_locked(&bufmgr->lock);
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   if (iris_bo_is_external(bo)) {
      struct hash_entry *entry;

      if (bo->real.global_name) {
         entry = _mesa_hash_table_search(bufmgr->name_table,
                                         &bo->real.global_name);
         _mesa_hash_table_remove(bufmgr->name_table, entry);
      }

      entry = _mesa_hash_table_search(bufmgr->handle_table, &bo->gem_handle);
      _mesa_hash_table_remove(bufmgr->handle_table, entry);

      list_for_each_entry_safe(struct bo_export, export, &bo->real.exports, link) {
         iris_bo_close(export->drm_fd, export->gem_handle);

         list_del(&export->link);
         free(export);
      }
   } else {
      assert(list_is_empty(&bo->real.exports));
   }

   /* Unbind and return the VMA for reuse */
   if (bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_vm_unbind(bo))
      vma_free(bo->bufmgr, bo->address, bo->size);
   else
      DBG("Unable to unbind vm of buf %u\n", bo->gem_handle);

   if (bo->real.prime_fd != -1)
      close(bo->real.prime_fd);

   /* Close this object */
   if (bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_close(bufmgr, bo) != 0) {
      DBG("DRM_IOCTL_GEM_CLOSE %d failed (%s): %s\n",
          bo->gem_handle, bo->name, strerror(errno));
   }

   if (bo->aux_map_address && bo->bufmgr->aux_map_ctx) {
      intel_aux_map_unmap_range(bo->bufmgr->aux_map_ctx, bo->address,
                                bo->size);
   }

   for (int d = 0; d < bo->deps_size; d++) {
      for (int b = 0; b < IRIS_BATCH_COUNT; b++) {
         iris_syncobj_reference(bufmgr, &bo->deps[d].write_syncobjs[b], NULL);
         iris_syncobj_reference(bufmgr, &bo->deps[d].read_syncobjs[b], NULL);
      }
   }
   free(bo->deps);

   free(bo);
}

static void
bo_free(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   simple_mtx_assert_locked(&bufmgr->lock);
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   if (!bo->real.userptr && bo->real.map)
      bo_unmap(bo);

   if (bo->idle || !iris_bo_busy(bo)) {
      bo_close(bo);
   } else {
      /* Defer closing the GEM BO and returning the VMA for reuse until the
       * BO is idle.  Just move it to the dead list for now.
       */
      list_addtail(&bo->head, &bufmgr->zombie_list);
   }
}

static enum iris_heap
iris_get_heap_max(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   if (bufmgr->vram.size) {
      return intel_vram_all_mappable(&bufmgr->devinfo) ?
             IRIS_HEAP_MAX_LARGE_BAR : IRIS_HEAP_MAX;
   }

   return bufmgr->devinfo.ver >= 20 ? IRIS_HEAP_MAX_NO_VRAM :
                                      IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED_COMPRESSED;
}

/** Frees all cached buffers significantly older than @time. */
static void
cleanup_bo_cache(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, time_t time)
{
   simple_mtx_assert_locked(&bufmgr->lock);

   if (bufmgr->time == time)
      return;

   for (int h = 0; h < iris_get_heap_max(bufmgr); h++) {
      struct iris_bucket_cache *cache = &bufmgr->bucket_cache[h];

      for (int i = 0; i < cache->num_buckets; i++) {
         struct bo_cache_bucket *bucket = &cache->bucket[i];

         list_for_each_entry_safe(struct iris_bo, bo, &bucket->head, head) {
            if (time - bo->real.free_time <= 1)
               break;

            list_del(&bo->head);

            bo_free(bo);
         }
      }
   }

   list_for_each_entry_safe(struct iris_bo, bo, &bufmgr->zombie_list, head) {
      /* Stop once we reach a busy BO - all others past this point were
       * freed more recently so are likely also busy.
       */
      if (!bo->idle && iris_bo_busy(bo))
         break;

      list_del(&bo->head);
      bo_close(bo);
   }

   bufmgr->time = time;
}

static void
bo_unreference_final(struct iris_bo *bo, time_t time)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   DBG("bo_unreference final: %d (%s)\n", bo->gem_handle, bo->name);

   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   struct bo_cache_bucket *bucket = !bo->real.reusable ? NULL :
      bucket_for_size(bufmgr, bo->size, bo->real.heap, 0);

   /* Put the buffer into our internal cache for reuse if we can. */
   if (bucket && iris_bo_madvise(bo, IRIS_MADVICE_DONT_NEED)) {
      bo->real.free_time = time;
      bo->name = NULL;

      list_addtail(&bo->head, &bucket->head);
   } else {
      bo_free(bo);
   }
}

void
iris_bo_unreference(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   if (bo == NULL)
      return;

   assert(p_atomic_read(&bo->refcount) > 0);

   if (atomic_add_unless(&bo->refcount, -1, 1)) {
      struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;
      struct timespec time;

      clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &time);

      bo->zeroed = false;
      if (bo->gem_handle == 0) {
         pb_slab_free(get_slabs(bufmgr, bo->size), &bo->slab.entry);
      } else {
         simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);

         if (p_atomic_dec_zero(&bo->refcount)) {
            bo_unreference_final(bo, time.tv_sec);
            cleanup_bo_cache(bufmgr, time.tv_sec);
         }

         simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
      }
   }
}

static void
bo_wait_with_stall_warning(struct util_debug_callback *dbg,
                           struct iris_bo *bo,
                           const char *action)
{
   bool busy = dbg && !bo->idle;
   double elapsed = unlikely(busy) ? -get_time() : 0.0;

   iris_bo_wait_rendering(bo);

   if (unlikely(busy)) {
      elapsed += get_time();
      if (elapsed > 1e-5) /* 0.01ms */ {
         perf_debug(dbg, "%s a busy \"%s\" BO stalled and took %.03f ms.\n",
                    action, bo->name, elapsed * 1000);
      }
   }
}

static void
print_flags(unsigned flags)
{
   if (flags & MAP_READ)
      DBG("READ ");
   if (flags & MAP_WRITE)
      DBG("WRITE ");
   if (flags & MAP_ASYNC)
      DBG("ASYNC ");
   if (flags & MAP_PERSISTENT)
      DBG("PERSISTENT ");
   if (flags & MAP_COHERENT)
      DBG("COHERENT ");
   if (flags & MAP_RAW)
      DBG("RAW ");
   DBG("\n");
}

void *
iris_bo_map(struct util_debug_callback *dbg,
            struct iris_bo *bo, unsigned flags)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;
   void *map = NULL;

   if (bo->gem_handle == 0) {
      struct iris_bo *real = iris_get_backing_bo(bo);
      uint64_t offset = bo->address - real->address;
      map = iris_bo_map(dbg, real, flags | MAP_ASYNC) + offset;
   } else {
      assert(bo->real.mmap_mode != IRIS_MMAP_NONE);
      if (bo->real.mmap_mode == IRIS_MMAP_NONE)
         return NULL;

      if (!bo->real.map) {
         DBG("iris_bo_map: %d (%s)\n", bo->gem_handle, bo->name);
         map = bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_mmap(bufmgr, bo);
         if (!map) {
            return NULL;
         }

         VG_DEFINED(map, bo->size);

         if (p_atomic_cmpxchg(&bo->real.map, NULL, map)) {
            VG_NOACCESS(map, bo->size);
            os_munmap(map, bo->size);
         }
      }
      assert(bo->real.map);
      map = bo->real.map;
   }

   DBG("iris_bo_map: %d (%s) -> %p\n",
       bo->gem_handle, bo->name, bo->real.map);
   print_flags(flags);

   if (!(flags & MAP_ASYNC)) {
      bo_wait_with_stall_warning(dbg, bo, "memory mapping");
   }

   return map;
}

/**
 * Waits on a BO for the given amount of time.
 *
 * @bo: buffer object to wait for
 * @timeout_ns: amount of time to wait in nanoseconds.
 *   If value is less than 0, an infinite wait will occur.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the wait was successful ie. the last batch referencing the
 * object has completed within the allotted time. Otherwise some negative return
 * value describes the error. Of particular interest is -ETIME when the wait has
 * failed to yield the desired result.
 *
 * Similar to iris_bo_wait_rendering except a timeout parameter allows
 * the operation to give up after a certain amount of time. Another subtle
 * difference is the internal locking semantics are different (this variant does
 * not hold the lock for the duration of the wait). This makes the wait subject
 * to a larger userspace race window.
 *
 * The implementation shall wait until the object is no longer actively
 * referenced within a batch buffer at the time of the call. The wait will
 * not guarantee that the buffer is re-issued via another thread, or an flinked
 * handle. Userspace must make sure this race does not occur if such precision
 * is important.
 *
 * Note that some kernels have broken the infinite wait for negative values
 * promise, upgrade to latest stable kernels if this is the case.
 */
static inline int
iris_bo_wait(struct iris_bo *bo, int64_t timeout_ns)
{
   int ret;

   switch (iris_bufmgr_get_device_info(bo->bufmgr)->kmd_type) {
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_I915:
      if (iris_bo_is_external(bo))
         ret = iris_i915_bo_wait_gem(bo, timeout_ns);
      else
         ret = iris_bo_wait_syncobj(bo, timeout_ns);
      break;
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_XE:
      ret = iris_bo_wait_syncobj(bo, timeout_ns);
      break;
   default:
      unreachable("missing");
      ret = -1;
   }

   bo->idle = ret == 0;

   return ret;
}

/** Waits for all GPU rendering with the object to have completed. */
void
iris_bo_wait_rendering(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   /* We require a kernel recent enough for WAIT_IOCTL support.
    * See intel_init_bufmgr()
    */
   iris_bo_wait(bo, -1);
}

static void
iris_bufmgr_destroy_global_vm(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   switch (bufmgr->devinfo.kmd_type) {
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_I915:
      /* Nothing to do in i915 */
      break;
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_XE:
      intel_bind_timeline_finish(&bufmgr->bind_timeline, bufmgr->fd);
      iris_xe_destroy_global_vm(bufmgr);
      break;
   default:
      unreachable("missing");
   }
}

static void
iris_bufmgr_destroy(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   iris_bo_unreference(bufmgr->dummy_aux_bo);

   iris_destroy_border_color_pool(&bufmgr->border_color_pool);

   /* Free aux-map buffers */
   intel_aux_map_finish(bufmgr->aux_map_ctx);

   /* bufmgr will no longer try to free VMA entries in the aux-map */
   bufmgr->aux_map_ctx = NULL;

   for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS; i++) {
      if (bufmgr->bo_slabs[i].groups)
         pb_slabs_deinit(&bufmgr->bo_slabs[i]);
   }

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);

   /* Free any cached buffer objects we were going to reuse */
   for (int h = 0; h < iris_get_heap_max(bufmgr); h++) {
      struct iris_bucket_cache *cache = &bufmgr->bucket_cache[h];

      for (int i = 0; i < cache->num_buckets; i++) {
         struct bo_cache_bucket *bucket = &cache->bucket[i];

         list_for_each_entry_safe(struct iris_bo, bo, &bucket->head, head) {
            list_del(&bo->head);

            bo_free(bo);
         }
      }
   }
   free(bufmgr->bucket_cache);

   /* Close any buffer objects on the dead list. */
   list_for_each_entry_safe(struct iris_bo, bo, &bufmgr->zombie_list, head) {
      list_del(&bo->head);
      bo_close(bo);
   }

   _mesa_hash_table_destroy(bufmgr->name_table, NULL);
   _mesa_hash_table_destroy(bufmgr->handle_table, NULL);

   for (int z = 0; z < IRIS_MEMZONE_COUNT; z++)
         util_vma_heap_finish(&bufmgr->vma_allocator[z]);

   iris_bufmgr_destroy_global_vm(bufmgr);

   close(bufmgr->fd);

   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

   simple_mtx_destroy(&bufmgr->lock);
   simple_mtx_destroy(&bufmgr->bo_deps_lock);

   free(bufmgr);
}

int
iris_gem_get_tiling(struct iris_bo *bo, uint32_t *tiling)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   if (!bufmgr->devinfo.has_tiling_uapi) {
      *tiling = 0;
      return 0;
   }

   assert(iris_bufmgr_get_device_info(bo->bufmgr)->kmd_type == INTEL_KMD_TYPE_I915);
   return iris_i915_bo_get_tiling(bo, tiling);
}

int
iris_gem_set_tiling(struct iris_bo *bo, const struct isl_surf *surf)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   /* If we can't do map_gtt, the set/get_tiling API isn't useful. And it's
    * actually not supported by the kernel in those cases.
    */
   if (!bufmgr->devinfo.has_tiling_uapi)
      return 0;

   assert(iris_bufmgr_get_device_info(bo->bufmgr)->kmd_type == INTEL_KMD_TYPE_I915);
   return iris_i915_bo_set_tiling(bo, surf);
}

struct iris_bo *
iris_bo_import_dmabuf(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, int prime_fd,
                      const uint64_t modifier)
{
   uint32_t handle;
   struct iris_bo *bo;

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   int ret = drmPrimeFDToHandle(bufmgr->fd, prime_fd, &handle);
   if (ret) {
      DBG("import_dmabuf: failed to obtain handle from fd: %s\n",
          strerror(errno));
      simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
      return NULL;
   }

   /*
    * See if the kernel has already returned this buffer to us. Just as
    * for named buffers, we must not create two bo's pointing at the same
    * kernel object
    */
   bo = find_and_ref_external_bo(bufmgr->handle_table, handle);
   if (bo)
      goto out;

   bo = bo_calloc();
   if (!bo)
      goto out;

   p_atomic_set(&bo->refcount, 1);

   /* Determine size of bo.  The fd-to-handle ioctl really should
    * return the size, but it doesn't.  If we have kernel 3.12 or
    * later, we can lseek on the prime fd to get the size.  Older
    * kernels will just fail, in which case we fall back to the
    * provided (estimated or guess size). */
   ret = lseek(prime_fd, 0, SEEK_END);
   if (ret != -1)
      bo->size = ret;

   bo->bufmgr = bufmgr;
   bo->name = "prime";
   bo->index = -1;
   bo->real.reusable = false;
   bo->real.imported = true;
   /* Xe KMD expects at least 1-way coherency for imports */
   bo->real.heap = IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT;
   bo->real.mmap_mode = IRIS_MMAP_NONE;
   if (INTEL_DEBUG(DEBUG_CAPTURE_ALL))
      bo->real.capture = true;
   bo->gem_handle = handle;
   bo->real.prime_fd = needs_prime_fd(bufmgr) ? dup(prime_fd) : -1;

   uint64_t alignment = 1;

   /* When an aux map will be used, there is an alignment requirement on the
    * main surface from the mapping granularity. Some planes of the image may
    * have smaller alignment requirements, but this one should work for all.
    */
   if (bufmgr->devinfo.has_aux_map && isl_drm_modifier_has_aux(modifier))
      alignment = intel_aux_map_get_alignment(bufmgr->aux_map_ctx);

   bo->address = vma_alloc(bufmgr, IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER, bo->size, alignment);
   if (bo->address == 0ull)
      goto err_free;

   if (!bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_vm_bind(bo))
      goto err_vm_alloc;

   _mesa_hash_table_insert(bufmgr->handle_table, &bo->gem_handle, bo);

out:
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
   return bo;

err_vm_alloc:
   vma_free(bufmgr, bo->address, bo->size);
err_free:
   bo_free(bo);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
   return NULL;
}

static void
iris_bo_mark_exported_locked(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   /* We cannot export suballocated BOs. */
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));
   simple_mtx_assert_locked(&bufmgr->lock);

   if (!iris_bo_is_external(bo))
      _mesa_hash_table_insert(bufmgr->handle_table, &bo->gem_handle, bo);

   if (!bo->real.exported) {
      /* If a BO is going to be used externally, it could be sent to the
       * display HW. So make sure our CPU mappings don't assume cache
       * coherency since display is outside that cache.
       */
      bo->real.exported = true;
      bo->real.reusable = false;
   }
}

void
iris_bo_mark_exported(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   /* We cannot export suballocated BOs. */
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   if (bo->real.exported) {
      assert(!bo->real.reusable);
      return;
   }

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   iris_bo_mark_exported_locked(bo);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

   iris_bo_set_prime_fd(bo);
}

int
iris_bo_export_dmabuf(struct iris_bo *bo, int *prime_fd)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   /* We cannot export suballocated BOs. */
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   if (drmPrimeHandleToFD(bufmgr->fd, bo->gem_handle,
                          DRM_CLOEXEC | DRM_RDWR, prime_fd) != 0)
      return -errno;

   iris_bo_mark_exported(bo);

   return 0;
}

static uint32_t
iris_bo_export_gem_handle(struct iris_bo *bo)
{
   /* We cannot export suballocated BOs. */
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   iris_bo_mark_exported(bo);

   return bo->gem_handle;
}

int
iris_bo_flink(struct iris_bo *bo, uint32_t *name)
{
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;

   /* We cannot export suballocated BOs. */
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   if (!bo->real.global_name) {
      struct drm_gem_flink flink = { .handle = bo->gem_handle };

      if (intel_ioctl(bufmgr->fd, DRM_IOCTL_GEM_FLINK, &flink))
         return -errno;

      simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
      if (!bo->real.global_name) {
         iris_bo_mark_exported_locked(bo);
         bo->real.global_name = flink.name;
         _mesa_hash_table_insert(bufmgr->name_table, &bo->real.global_name, bo);
      }
      simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

      iris_bo_set_prime_fd(bo);
   }

   *name = bo->real.global_name;
   return 0;
}

int
iris_bo_export_gem_handle_for_device(struct iris_bo *bo, int drm_fd,
                                     uint32_t *out_handle)
{
   /* We cannot export suballocated BOs. */
   assert(iris_bo_is_real(bo));

   /* Only add the new GEM handle to the list of export if it belongs to a
    * different GEM device. Otherwise we might close the same buffer multiple
    * times.
    */
   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = bo->bufmgr;
   int ret = os_same_file_description(drm_fd, bufmgr->fd);
   WARN_ONCE(ret < 0,
             "Kernel has no file descriptor comparison support: %s\n",
             strerror(errno));
   if (ret == 0) {
      *out_handle = iris_bo_export_gem_handle(bo);
      return 0;
   }

   struct bo_export *export = calloc(1, sizeof(*export));
   if (!export)
      return -ENOMEM;

   export->drm_fd = drm_fd;

   int dmabuf_fd = -1;
   int err = iris_bo_export_dmabuf(bo, &dmabuf_fd);
   if (err) {
      free(export);
      return err;
   }

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);
   err = drmPrimeFDToHandle(drm_fd, dmabuf_fd, &export->gem_handle);
   close(dmabuf_fd);
   if (err) {
      simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
      free(export);
      return err;
   }

   bool found = false;
   list_for_each_entry(struct bo_export, iter, &bo->real.exports, link) {
      if (iter->drm_fd != drm_fd)
         continue;
      /* Here we assume that for a given DRM fd, we'll always get back the
       * same GEM handle for a given buffer.
       */
      assert(iter->gem_handle == export->gem_handle);
      free(export);
      export = iter;
      found = true;
      break;
   }
   if (!found)
      list_addtail(&export->link, &bo->real.exports);

   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

   *out_handle = export->gem_handle;

   return 0;
}

static void
add_bucket(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, int size, enum iris_heap heap)
{
   struct iris_bucket_cache *cache = &bufmgr->bucket_cache[heap];
   unsigned int i = cache->num_buckets++;

   list_inithead(&cache->bucket[i].head);
   cache->bucket[i].size = size;

   assert(bucket_for_size(bufmgr, size, heap, 0) == &cache->bucket[i]);
   assert(bucket_for_size(bufmgr, size - 2048, heap, 0) == &cache->bucket[i]);
   assert(bucket_for_size(bufmgr, size + 1, heap, 0) != &cache->bucket[i]);
}

static void
init_cache_buckets(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr, enum iris_heap heap)
{
   uint64_t size, cache_max_size = 64 * 1024 * 1024;

   /* OK, so power of two buckets was too wasteful of memory.
    * Give 3 other sizes between each power of two, to hopefully
    * cover things accurately enough.  (The alternative is
    * probably to just go for exact matching of sizes, and assume
    * that for things like composited window resize the tiled
    * width/height alignment and rounding of sizes to pages will
    * get us useful cache hit rates anyway)
    */
   add_bucket(bufmgr, PAGE_SIZE,     heap);
   add_bucket(bufmgr, PAGE_SIZE * 2, heap);
   add_bucket(bufmgr, PAGE_SIZE * 3, heap);

   /* Initialize the linked lists for BO reuse cache. */
   for (size = 4 * PAGE_SIZE; size <= cache_max_size; size *= 2) {
      add_bucket(bufmgr, size, heap);

      add_bucket(bufmgr, size + size * 1 / 4, heap);
      add_bucket(bufmgr, size + size * 2 / 4, heap);
      add_bucket(bufmgr, size + size * 3 / 4, heap);
   }
}

static struct intel_buffer *
intel_aux_map_buffer_alloc(void *driver_ctx, uint32_t size)
{
   struct intel_buffer *buf = malloc(sizeof(struct intel_buffer));
   if (!buf)
      return NULL;

   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = (struct iris_bufmgr *)driver_ctx;

   unsigned int page_size = getpagesize();
   size = MAX2(ALIGN(size, page_size), page_size);

   struct iris_bo *bo = alloc_fresh_bo(bufmgr, size, BO_ALLOC_CAPTURE);
   if (!bo) {
      free(buf);
      return NULL;
   }

   simple_mtx_lock(&bufmgr->lock);

   bo->address = vma_alloc(bufmgr, IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER, bo->size, 64 * 1024);
   if (bo->address == 0ull)
      goto err_free;

   if (!bufmgr->kmd_backend->gem_vm_bind(bo))
      goto err_vm_alloc;

   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);

   bo->name = "aux-map";
   p_atomic_set(&bo->refcount, 1);
   bo->index = -1;
   bo->real.mmap_mode = heap_to_mmap_mode(bufmgr, bo->real.heap);
   bo->real.prime_fd = -1;

   buf->driver_bo = bo;
   buf->gpu = bo->address;
   buf->gpu_end = buf->gpu + bo->size;
   buf->map = iris_bo_map(NULL, bo, MAP_WRITE | MAP_RAW);
   return buf;

err_vm_alloc:
   vma_free(bufmgr, bo->address, bo->size);
err_free:
   free(buf);
   bo_free(bo);
   simple_mtx_unlock(&bufmgr->lock);
   return NULL;
}

static void
intel_aux_map_buffer_free(void *driver_ctx, struct intel_buffer *buffer)
{
   iris_bo_unreference((struct iris_bo*)buffer->driver_bo);
   free(buffer);
}

static struct intel_mapped_pinned_buffer_alloc aux_map_allocator = {
   .alloc = intel_aux_map_buffer_alloc,
   .free = intel_aux_map_buffer_free,
};

static bool
iris_bufmgr_get_meminfo(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr,
                        struct intel_device_info *devinfo)
{
   bufmgr->sys.region = &devinfo->mem.sram.mem;
   bufmgr->sys.size = devinfo->mem.sram.mappable.size;

   /* When the resizable bar feature is disabled,
    * then vram.mappable.size is only 256MB.
    * The second half of the total size is in the vram.unmappable.size
    * variable.
    */
   bufmgr->vram.region = &devinfo->mem.vram.mem;
   bufmgr->vram.size = devinfo->mem.vram.mappable.size +
                       devinfo->mem.vram.unmappable.size;

   return true;
}

static bool
iris_bufmgr_init_global_vm(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   switch (bufmgr->devinfo.kmd_type) {
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_I915:
      bufmgr->use_global_vm = iris_i915_init_global_vm(bufmgr, &bufmgr->global_vm_id);
      /* i915 don't require VM, so returning true even if use_global_vm is false */
      return true;
   case INTEL_KMD_TYPE_XE:
      if (!intel_bind_timeline_init(&bufmgr->bind_timeline, bufmgr->fd))
         return false;

      bufmgr->use_global_vm = iris_xe_init_global_vm(bufmgr, &bufmgr->global_vm_id);
      /* Xe requires VM */
      return bufmgr->use_global_vm;
   default:
      unreachable("missing");
      return false;
   }
}

/**
 * Initializes the GEM buffer manager, which uses the kernel to allocate, map,
 * and manage map buffer objections.
 *
 * \param fd File descriptor of the opened DRM device.
 */
static struct iris_bufmgr *
iris_bufmgr_create(struct intel_device_info *devinfo, int fd, bool bo_reuse)
{
   if (devinfo->gtt_size <= IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER_START)
      return NULL;

   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = calloc(1, sizeof(*bufmgr));
   if (bufmgr == NULL)
      return NULL;

   /* Handles to buffer objects belong to the device fd and are not
    * reference counted by the kernel.  If the same fd is used by
    * multiple parties (threads sharing the same screen bufmgr, or
    * even worse the same device fd passed to multiple libraries)
    * ownership of those handles is shared by those independent parties.
    *
    * Don't do this! Ensure that each library/bufmgr has its own device
    * fd so that its namespace does not clash with another.
    */
   bufmgr->fd = os_dupfd_cloexec(fd);
   if (bufmgr->fd == -1)
      goto error_dup;

   p_atomic_set(&bufmgr->refcount, 1);

   simple_mtx_init(&bufmgr->lock, mtx_plain);
   simple_mtx_init(&bufmgr->bo_deps_lock, mtx_plain);

   list_inithead(&bufmgr->zombie_list);

   bufmgr->devinfo = *devinfo;
   devinfo = &bufmgr->devinfo;
   bufmgr->bo_reuse = bo_reuse;
   iris_bufmgr_get_meminfo(bufmgr, devinfo);
   bufmgr->kmd_backend = iris_kmd_backend_get(devinfo->kmd_type);

   intel_common_update_device_info(bufmgr->fd, devinfo);

   if (!iris_bufmgr_init_global_vm(bufmgr))
      goto error_init_vm;

   STATIC_ASSERT(IRIS_MEMZONE_SHADER_START == 0ull);
   const uint64_t _4GB = 1ull << 32;
   const uint64_t _2GB = 1ul << 31;

   /* The STATE_BASE_ADDRESS size field can only hold 1 page shy of 4GB */
   const uint64_t _4GB_minus_1 = _4GB - PAGE_SIZE;

   const struct {
      uint64_t start;
      uint64_t size;
   } vma[IRIS_MEMZONE_COUNT] = {
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_SHADER] = {
         .start = PAGE_SIZE,
         .size  = _4GB_minus_1 - PAGE_SIZE
      },
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_BINDER] = {
         .start = IRIS_MEMZONE_BINDER_START + IRIS_SCRATCH_ZONE_SIZE,
         .size  = IRIS_BINDER_ZONE_SIZE - IRIS_SCRATCH_ZONE_SIZE
      },
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_SCRATCH] = {
         .start = IRIS_MEMZONE_SCRATCH_START,
         .size  = IRIS_SCRATCH_ZONE_SIZE
      },
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_SURFACE] = {
         .start = IRIS_MEMZONE_SURFACE_START,
         .size = _4GB_minus_1 - IRIS_BINDER_ZONE_SIZE - IRIS_SCRATCH_ZONE_SIZE
      },
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC] = {
         .start = IRIS_MEMZONE_DYNAMIC_START + IRIS_BORDER_COLOR_POOL_SIZE,

         /* Wa_2209859288: the Tigerlake PRM's workarounds volume says:
          *
          *    "PSDunit is dropping MSB of the blend state pointer from SD
          *     FIFO [...] Limit the Blend State Pointer to < 2G"
          *
          * We restrict the dynamic state pool to 2GB so that we don't ever
          * get a BLEND_STATE pointer with the MSB set.  We aren't likely to
          * need the full 4GB for dynamic state anyway.
          */
         .size  = (devinfo->ver >= 12 ? _2GB : _4GB_minus_1)
                  - IRIS_BORDER_COLOR_POOL_SIZE
      },
      [IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER] = {
         .start = IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER_START,

         /* Leave the last 4GB out of the high vma range, so that no state
          * base address + size can overflow 48 bits.
          */
         .size  = (devinfo->gtt_size - _4GB) - IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER_START,
      },
   };

   for (unsigned i = 0; i < IRIS_MEMZONE_COUNT; i++) {
      util_vma_heap_init(&bufmgr->vma_allocator[i],
                         vma[i].start, vma[i].size);
   }

   if (INTEL_DEBUG(DEBUG_HEAPS)) {
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < IRIS_MEMZONE_COUNT; i++) {
         fprintf(stderr, "%-11s | 0x%016" PRIx64 "-0x%016" PRIx64 "\n",
                 memzone_name(i), vma[i].start,
                 vma[i].start + vma[i].size - 1);
      }
   }

   bufmgr->bucket_cache = calloc(iris_get_heap_max(bufmgr),
                                 sizeof(*bufmgr->bucket_cache));
   if (!bufmgr->bucket_cache)
      goto error_bucket_cache;
   for (int h = 0; h < iris_get_heap_max(bufmgr); h++)
      init_cache_buckets(bufmgr, h);

   unsigned min_slab_order = 8;  /* 256 bytes */
   unsigned max_slab_order = 20; /* 1 MB (slab size = 2 MB) */
   unsigned num_slab_orders_per_allocator =
      (max_slab_order - min_slab_order) / NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS;

   /* Divide the size order range among slab managers. */
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS; i++) {
      unsigned min_order = min_slab_order;
      unsigned max_order =
         MIN2(min_order + num_slab_orders_per_allocator, max_slab_order);

      if (!pb_slabs_init(&bufmgr->bo_slabs[i], min_order, max_order,
                         iris_get_heap_max(bufmgr), true, bufmgr,
                         iris_can_reclaim_slab,
                         iris_slab_alloc,
                         (void *) iris_slab_free)) {
         goto error_slabs_init;
      }
      min_slab_order = max_order + 1;
   }

   bufmgr->name_table =
      _mesa_hash_table_create(NULL, _mesa_hash_uint, _mesa_key_uint_equal);
   bufmgr->handle_table =
      _mesa_hash_table_create(NULL, _mesa_hash_uint, _mesa_key_uint_equal);

   if (devinfo->has_aux_map) {
      bufmgr->aux_map_ctx = intel_aux_map_init(bufmgr, &aux_map_allocator,
                                               devinfo);
      assert(bufmgr->aux_map_ctx);
   }

   iris_init_border_color_pool(bufmgr, &bufmgr->border_color_pool);

   if (intel_needs_workaround(devinfo, 14019708328)) {
      bufmgr->dummy_aux_bo = iris_bo_alloc(bufmgr, "dummy_aux", 4096, 4096,
                                           IRIS_MEMZONE_OTHER, BO_ALLOC_PLAIN);
         if (!bufmgr->dummy_aux_bo)
            goto error_dummy_aux;
   }

   return bufmgr;

error_dummy_aux:
   iris_destroy_border_color_pool(&bufmgr->border_color_pool);
   intel_aux_map_finish(bufmgr->aux_map_ctx);
   _mesa_hash_table_destroy(bufmgr->handle_table, NULL);
   _mesa_hash_table_destroy(bufmgr->name_table, NULL);
error_slabs_init:
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < NUM_SLAB_ALLOCATORS; i++) {
      if (!bufmgr->bo_slabs[i].groups)
         break;

      pb_slabs_deinit(&bufmgr->bo_slabs[i]);
   }
   free(bufmgr->bucket_cache);
error_bucket_cache:
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < IRIS_MEMZONE_COUNT; i++)
      util_vma_heap_finish(&bufmgr->vma_allocator[i]);
   iris_bufmgr_destroy_global_vm(bufmgr);
error_init_vm:
   close(bufmgr->fd);
error_dup:
   free(bufmgr);
   return NULL;
}

static struct iris_bufmgr *
iris_bufmgr_ref(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   p_atomic_inc(&bufmgr->refcount);
   return bufmgr;
}

void
iris_bufmgr_unref(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   simple_mtx_lock(&global_bufmgr_list_mutex);
   if (p_atomic_dec_zero(&bufmgr->refcount)) {
      list_del(&bufmgr->link);
      iris_bufmgr_destroy(bufmgr);
   }
   simple_mtx_unlock(&global_bufmgr_list_mutex);
}

/** Returns a new unique id, to be used by screens. */
int
iris_bufmgr_create_screen_id(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return p_atomic_inc_return(&bufmgr->next_screen_id) - 1;
}

/**
 * Gets an already existing GEM buffer manager or create a new one.
 *
 * \param fd File descriptor of the opened DRM device.
 */
struct iris_bufmgr *
iris_bufmgr_get_for_fd(int fd, bool bo_reuse)
{
   struct intel_device_info devinfo;
   struct stat st;

   if (fstat(fd, &st))
      return NULL;

   struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr = NULL;

   simple_mtx_lock(&global_bufmgr_list_mutex);
   list_for_each_entry(struct iris_bufmgr, iter_bufmgr, &global_bufmgr_list, link) {
      struct stat iter_st;
      if (fstat(iter_bufmgr->fd, &iter_st))
         continue;

      if (st.st_rdev == iter_st.st_rdev) {
         assert(iter_bufmgr->bo_reuse == bo_reuse);
         bufmgr = iris_bufmgr_ref(iter_bufmgr);
         goto unlock;
      }
   }

   if (!intel_get_device_info_from_fd(fd, &devinfo, 8, -1))
      return NULL;

   if (devinfo.ver < 8 || devinfo.platform == INTEL_PLATFORM_CHV)
      return NULL;

   bufmgr = iris_bufmgr_create(&devinfo, fd, bo_reuse);
   if (bufmgr)
      list_addtail(&bufmgr->link, &global_bufmgr_list);

 unlock:
   simple_mtx_unlock(&global_bufmgr_list_mutex);

   return bufmgr;
}

int
iris_bufmgr_get_fd(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->fd;
}

void*
iris_bufmgr_get_aux_map_context(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->aux_map_ctx;
}

simple_mtx_t *
iris_bufmgr_get_bo_deps_lock(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return &bufmgr->bo_deps_lock;
}

struct iris_border_color_pool *
iris_bufmgr_get_border_color_pool(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return &bufmgr->border_color_pool;
}

uint64_t
iris_bufmgr_vram_size(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->vram.size;
}

uint64_t
iris_bufmgr_sram_size(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->sys.size;
}

const struct intel_device_info *
iris_bufmgr_get_device_info(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return &bufmgr->devinfo;
}

const struct iris_kmd_backend *
iris_bufmgr_get_kernel_driver_backend(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->kmd_backend;
}

uint32_t
iris_bufmgr_get_global_vm_id(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->global_vm_id;
}

bool
iris_bufmgr_use_global_vm_id(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->use_global_vm;
}

bool
iris_bufmgr_compute_engine_supported(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->devinfo.engine_class_supported_count[INTEL_ENGINE_CLASS_COMPUTE];
}

/**
 * Return the pat entry based on the bo heap and allocation flags.
 */
const struct intel_device_info_pat_entry *
iris_heap_to_pat_entry(const struct intel_device_info *devinfo,
                       enum iris_heap heap)
{
   switch (heap) {
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_CACHED_COHERENT:
      return &devinfo->pat.cached_coherent;
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED:
      return &devinfo->pat.writecombining;
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL:
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_CPU_VISIBLE_SMALL_BAR:
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_PREFERRED:
      return &devinfo->pat.writecombining;
   case IRIS_HEAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY_UNCACHED_COMPRESSED:
   case IRIS_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_COMPRESSED:
      return &devinfo->pat.compressed;
   default:
      unreachable("invalid heap for platforms using PAT entries");
   }
}

struct intel_bind_timeline *
iris_bufmgr_get_bind_timeline(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return &bufmgr->bind_timeline;
}

uint64_t
iris_bufmgr_get_dummy_aux_address(struct iris_bufmgr *bufmgr)
{
   return bufmgr->dummy_aux_bo ? bufmgr->dummy_aux_bo->address : 0;
}