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1 This document contains brief definitions of LKMM-related terms.  Like most
10 	Address dependencies are quite common in RCU read-side critical
15 	 3 do_something(p->a);
18 	 In this case, because the address of "p->a" on line 3 is computed
19 	 from the value returned by the rcu_dereference() on line 2, the
21 	 "p->a".  In rare cases, optimizing compilers can destroy address
28 	using spin_lock().  With respect to a non-lock shared variable,
29 	a special operation that includes a load and which orders that
40 	See also "Happens-Before", "Reads-From", "Relaxed", and "Release".
52 	See also "From-reads" and "Reads-from".
63 	 line 1 to the WRITE_ONCE() on line 2.	Control dependencies are
65 	 Please see control-dependencies.txt for more information.
69 Cycle:	Memory-barrier pairing is restricted to a pair of CPUs, as the
96 	on line 1 to the WRITE_ONCE() on line 2.  Data dependencies are
105 From-Reads (fr):  When one CPU's store to a given variable happened
107 	load from that same variable, there is said to be a from-reads
110 	It is also possible to have a from-reads link within a CPU, which
111 	is a "from-reads internal" (fri) link.  The term "from-reads
115 	See also "Coherence" and "Reads-from".
117 Fully Ordered:  An operation such as smp_mb() that orders all of
120 	that orders all of its CPU's prior accesses, itself, and
123 Happens-Before (hb): A relation between two accesses in which LKMM
125 	detail, please see the "THE HAPPENS-BEFORE RELATION: hb"
133 Pairing: "Memory-barrier pairing" reflects the fact that synchronizing
143 Reads-From (rf):  When one CPU's load returns the value stored by some other
144 	CPU, there is said to be a reads-from link from the second
145 	CPU's store to the first CPU's load.  Reads-from links have the
147 	which means that algorithms using reads-from links can use lighter
149 	coherence and from-reads links.
151 	It is also possible to have a reads-from link within a CPU, which
152 	is a "reads-from internal" (rfi) link.	The term "reads-from
156 	See also Coherence" and "From-reads".
159 	READ_ONCE(), WRITE_ONCE(), a non-value-returning read-modify-write
160 	operation, or a value-returning read-modify-write operation whose
166 	using spin_unlock().  With respect to a non-lock shared variable,
167 	a special operation that includes a store and which orders that
175 Unmarked Access:  An access to a variable that uses normal C-language