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23 interface to Speakup, a Linux Screen Reader. If you need instructions
33 the system is shutdown. This means that if you have obtained Linux
35 of its kernel, you will be able, as a blind person, to install Linux
43 specific synthesizer by default, then all you need to do to use Speakup
52 synthesizers and not others. If you find that this is the case, and
59 synthesizer set, or you would like to use a different synthesizer than
60 the default one, then you may issue the following command at the boot
66 DoubleTalk LT at boot up. You may replace the ltlk synthesizer keyword
67 with the keyword for whatever synthesizer you wish to use. The
107 administrator. This will mean that you will hear some, but not all, of
112 Once you have booted the system, and if necessary, have supplied the
130 to work. If you toggle the numlock on, the keypad will produce numbers,
131 which is exactly what you want for spreadsheets and such. For the
132 purposes of this guide, you should have the numlock turned off, which is
135 You probably won't want to listen to all the bootup messages every time
136 you start your system, though it's a good idea to listen to them at
137 least once, just so you'll know what kind of information is available to
138 you during the boot process. You can always review these messages after
146 that way, until you press another key.
148 You can check to see if the boot process has completed by pressing the 8
150 effect of starting Speakup talking again, so you can press keypad enter
153 When the boot process is complete, you will arrive at a "login" prompt.
154 At this point, you'll need to type in your user id and password, as
155 provided by your system administrator. You will hear Speakup speak the
156 letters of your user id as you type it, but not the password. This is
161 Once you've logged in, you can run any Linux command or program which is
165 When you are running a program or command, Speakup will automatically
166 speak new text as it arrives on the screen. You can at any time silence
187 as the speakup key. Instead of pressing and releasing this key, as you
188 do under DOS or Windows, you hold it like a shift key, and press other
193 until you hit another key. When you hit speakup plus keypad enter,
194 Speakup will say, "You turned me off.", or "Hey, that's better." When
195 Speakup is turned off, no new text on the screen will be spoken. You
202 You will hear the message:
207 When you press the spacebar to leave the help system, you will hear:
211 While you are in the Speakup help system, you can scroll up or down
213 of commands is arranged in alphabetical order. If you wish to jump to
214 commands in a specific part of the alphabet, you may press the letter of
215 the alphabet you wish to jump to.
217 You can also just explore by typing keyboard keys. Pressing keys will
219 example, if you press the keypad 8 key, you will hear:
223 You'll notice that some commands do not have keys assigned to them.
228 You'll also notice that some commands have two keys assigned to them.
230 for laptop users. The alternate speakup key is the caps lock key. You
238 gives you a simple way to get at an alternative set of key mappings for
241 laptop. So you may choose which set of Speakup keys to use. Some
252 commands. You can also get a list of commands and assigned keys from
364 You can see these entries by typing the command:
368 If you issue the above ls command, you will get back something like
427 driver for the software synthesizer. If you use the LiteTalk, your
434 volume, pitch, and rate, you can also echo values to the appropriate
436 lets you control Speakup parameters from within a script. How you
438 but I will include a couple of simple examples here to give you a
441 Suppose for example, that you wanted to control both the punctuation
474 If you were to store these four small scripts in a directory in your
476 chmod command, then you could change the default reading punc and
478 example, if you were to execute the punc3 command at your shell prompt,
482 regardless of which shell you use, you should be able to do something
485 The Speakup sys system also has another interesting use. You can echo
501 As you can see, the version entry in the Speakup sys system is read
514 ways. For example, you might wish to know what level your volume is set
515 at. You could type:
525 writable by root only, and some are writable by everyone. Unless you
526 know what you are doing, you should probably leave the ones that are
529 for controlling speaking rate, etc. If you find one you aren't sure about, you
536 in order to use a different synthesizer. You can simply echo the
538 Depending on your situation, you may wish to echo none to the synth
555 we'll see in the next section, this is particularly useful when you are
558 If Speakup is completely compiled as modules, then you must use the
559 modprobe command to load Speakup. You do this by loading the module for
560 the synthesizer driver you wish to use. The driver modules are all
562 synthesizer you want. So, in order to load the driver for the DecTalk
563 Express, you would type the following command:
571 as modules, you would give the command:
575 The above command assumes you were running a DecTalk Express. If you
576 were using a different synth, then you would substitute its keyword in
579 If you have multiple drivers loaded, you need to unload all of them, in
581 For example, if you have loaded both the dectlk and ltlk drivers, use the
585 You cannot unload the driver for software synthesizers when a user-space
599 you would type:
603 You can use the modprobe -r command to unload driver modules, regardless
620 If your system does not have udev installed , before you can use a
621 software synthesizer, you must have created the /dev/softsynth device.
622 If you have not already done so, issue the following commands as root:
640 of Linux. If it is not packaged, you need to install it manually.
641 You can find it in the contrib/ subdirectory of the Speakup sources.
658 you probably have a distribution-specific script that controls the operation
669 If you built Espeakup manually, the "make install" step placed the binary
677 For this option, you must have a package called
681 Two open source synthesizers you might use are Flite and Festival. You
683 If you run a google search for Fonix, you'll find their web site.
685 You can obtain a copy of Speech Dispatcher from free(b)soft at
688 Dispatcher. You can check out the web site for your Linux distribution
692 Once you've installed, configured, and tested Speech Dispatcher with your
693 chosen software synthesizer, you still need one more piece of software
694 in order to make things work. You need a package called speechd-up.
695 You get it from the free(b)soft web site mentioned above. After you've
696 compiled and installed speechd-up, you are almost ready to begin using
699 Now you can begin using your software synthesizer. In order to do so,
708 Your synth should now start talking, and you should be able to adjust
718 You can get the dec_pc.tgz file from the linux-speakup.org site. The
721 After you have downloaded the dec_pc.tgz file, untar it in your home
731 You will need to copy the dtload command from the dec_pc directory to a
735 You can now run the dtload command in order to load the DecTalk PC
736 software onto the card. After you have done this, echo the decpc
741 Your DecTalk PC should start talking, and then you can adjust the pitch,
744 which will give you access to some of the DecTalk voices.
749 default. This means that when you are using an editor, Speakup will
750 automatically speak characters as you move left and right with the
751 cursor keys, and lines as you move up and down with the cursor keys.
757 Sometimes, these modes get in your way, so you can disable cursor tracking
760 You may select among the various forms of cursor tracking using the keypad
762 Each time you press this key, a new mode is selected, and Speakup speaks
769 rather than the cursor itself. When you move the cursor with the arrow keys,
772 If cursor tracking isn't helping you while navigating a menu,
775 With the "read window" variety of cursor tracking, you can limit the text
778 When you move the cursor via the arrow keys, Speakup only speaks
779 the contents of the window. This is especially helpful when you are hearing
782 Suppose that you are at a shell prompt. You use bash, and you want to
783 explore your command history using the up and down arrow keys. If you
784 have enabled cursor tracking, you will hear two pieces of information.
786 command history. You may not want to hear the prompt repeated
787 each time you move, so you can silence it by specifying a window. Find
795 You will notice that Speakup no longer speaks the redundant prompt.
798 lynx web browser. You definitely want to turn cursor tracking off when
799 you are using the alsamixer application. Otherwise, you won't be able
800 to hear your mixer settings while you are using the arrow keys.
805 text on the screen. This means that you can capture information from a
811 sites. It would be nice if you could cut and paste these urls into your
812 web browser. Speakup does this quite nicely. Suppose you wanted to
826 Now that you have the url cut from the screen, you can paste it into
830 Suppose you want to start lynx and go to the Speakup site.
832 You can switch to a different console with the alt left and right
833 arrows, or you can switch to a specific console by typing alt and a
837 Once you've changed to an appropriate console, and are at a shell prompt,
839 key, while you type the keypad slash character. The url will be pasted
840 onto the command line, just as though you had typed it in. Press the
844 mark and cut operation is carried out. This means you can paste the cut
845 information as many times as you like before doing another cut
848 You are not limited to cutting and pasting only one line on the screen.
849 You can also cut and paste rectangular regions of the screen. Just
857 Through the /speakup/i18n/characters sys entry, Speakup gives you the
858 ability to change how Speakup pronounces a given character. You could,
859 for example, change how some punctuation characters are spoken. You can
862 You may, for example, wish to change how Speakup pronounces the z
864 believes that the z should be pronounced zed. If you are an American,
865 you might wish to use the zee pronunciation instead of zed. You can
875 The word echo tells the shell that you want to have it display the
876 string of characters that follow the word echo. If you were to just
881 You would get the word hello printed on your screen as soon as you
899 You can look at the whole table with the following command:
904 won't display it here, but leave you to look at it at your convenience.
908 Speakup has the capability of allowing you to assign or "map" keys to
909 internal Speakup commands. This section necessarily assumes you have a
911 configured with Speakup. How you do this is beyond the scope of this
913 http://linux-speakup.org/. The reason you'll need the kernel source
914 tree patched with Speakup is that the genmap utility you'll need for
918 the Linux source tree you are working with.
920 So ok, you've gone off and gotten your kernel source tree, and patched
921 and configured it. Now you can start manipulating keymaps.
923 You can either use the
925 included with the Speakup source, or you can cut and paste the copy in
926 section 4 into a separate file. If you use the one in the Speakup
927 source tree, make sure you make a backup of it before you start making
928 changes. You have been warned!
930 Suppose that you want to swap the key assignments for the Speakup
937 You can edit your copy of the speakupmap.map file and swap the command
938 names on the right side of the = (equals) sign. You did make a backup,
944 After you edit your copy of the speakupmap.map file, save it under a new
948 You are now ready to load your keymap with your swapped key assignments.
949 Assuming that you saved your new keymap as the file newmap.map, you
957 above command wrapped onto two lines in this document, you should type
961 speakup pagedown should read you the first non-whitespace character on
963 read you the last character on the line your reading cursor is in.
965 You should note that these new mappings will only stay in effect until
966 you reboot, or until you load another keymap.
968 One final warning. If you try to load a partial map, you will quickly
969 find that all the mappings you didn't include in your file got deleted
971 You have been warned!
976 For instance, when you move to the left edge of the screen with the
979 and they could not be changed. If you used a non-English synthesizer,
980 you still heard English messages, such as "left" and "cursoring on."
993 be categorized. You will find messages such as "You killed Speakup",
995 You will also find the names of the screen edges and cursor tracking modes
1006 When you use the "say attributes" function, Speakup says the name of the
1011 Here, you will find names of control keys. These are used with Speakup's
1016 the type and width of displayed data. If you change these, you must
1021 Here, you will find a list of names for Speakup functions. These are used
1022 by the help system. For example, suppose that you have activated help mode,
1023 and you pressed keypad 3. Speakup says:
1030 example, Speakup said that you pressed "keypad 3."
1035 Again, these are part of the help system. For instance, if you had pressed
1036 speakup + keypad 3, you would hear:
1049 For example, if you view the file /speakup/i18n/colors, you will see the
1062 You can change one message, or you can change a whole group.
1066 You can change an individual message with the echo command,
1082 French is only available after you are logged in.
1086 following command should let you do this:
1093 run the script speakup_setlocale. You are asked the language that you want to
1098 Otherwise, you will have an error: your language will be loaded but you will
1102 You will have to repeat these steps for any change of locale, i.e. if you wish
1105 If you wish store the settings, note that at your next login, you will need to
1110 Alternatively, you can add the above line to your file
1143 There is no way to save these window settings, and you can only have one
1148 cursor to the beginning of the area you want to define. Then press
1149 speakup + f2. Speakup will tell you that the window starts at the
1152 If there is more than one line in the window, Speakup will tell you
1154 is only one line in the window, then Speakup will tell you that the
1155 window is the specified line on the screen. If you are only defining a
1156 one line window, you can just press speakup + f2 twice after placing the
1157 reading cursor on the line you want to define as a window. It is not
1178 Speakupconf allows you to save and load your Speakup settings. It works
1182 whether it is run from the root account. If you execute speakupconf as
1207 Talkwith allows you to switch synthesizers on the fly. It takes a synthesizer
1210 causes Speakup to use the DecTalk Express. If you wish to switch to a
1211 software synthesizer, you must also indicate which daemon you wish to
1214 If you wish to use espeakup for software synthesis, give the command
1225 synthesizer is activated. You can use speakupconf to load your settings
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